The first key title. The title is the eyes of the article, and the eyes are the windows of the soul. By grasping the title, we can see the writing object and the author's possible emotional tendency. For example, the book "The Bookworm's Wife" published in Beijing in 2006 takes "Bookworm" as a metaphor, highlighting the characteristics of her husband's reading, love of books and love of reading; Put quotation marks on the word "bookworm" to express its special title and meaning, and express the author's kindness and pride to her husband by imitation. As the saying goes, "A good topic is half finished". After reading this topic, it is easy to grasp the writing object and theme of the article. For example, as can be seen from the title of Autumn in the Old Capital, the writing object of the article is autumn, which is autumn scenery in Peiping; From the word "old capital", we can also clarify the author's emotional tendency, that is, love, yearning, deep attachment, melancholy and loss. The essay "I always want to sing a song for you", after a little browsing, combined with the content of the article, it is not difficult to understand that "you" in the title actually refers to the northwest, which shows that the author's writing object is the northwest; Emotional tendency, from "thinking all the time" and "singing a song", can be regarded as love and yearning, eulogizing and praising. The title of Tears and Pearls points out the writing object of the article. "Tears" is related to human emotions and is the crystallization of human emotions. "Hainan" in the title of the essay "Hainan Miscellaneous Notes" points out the writing object of the article, and "memory" in Miscellaneous Notes shows the author's emotional tendency to this place, which is memory, nostalgia and love. It can be seen that if you grasp the title, you will grasp the possible tendency of the writing object and the author.
The second key-Yan Wen. Cleverly grasping the eye of the text means grasping the theme through the eye of the text. The eye of prose can appear in the title of the article, which has been mentioned above and need not be repeated here; But it often appears at the beginning or end of the article; It can be words based on narration, or lyrical or argumentative statements. Therefore, you should carefully consider these places when reading. For example, at the beginning of Autumn in the Old Capital, the author clearly pointed out the characteristics of autumn in the old capital through a set of parallelism sentences, such as "But, the autumn in the north is particularly clear, particularly quiet and particularly sad", and through my reasons not far away, I want to catch up with Qingdao in Hangzhou and catch up with Peiping from Qingdao, but I just want to enjoy this' autumn'. At the end of the national volume "The Scent of Sunshine" in 2006, through the words of farmers, "In fact, you don't need to take a deep breath to smell it, but your sense of smell has deteriorated in the city". The author compares the farmers' sensitivity in the countryside with my sense of smell "degradation" in the city, and clearly expresses the theme of the article "Praise labor and celebrate the life of sunshine". If we can accurately grasp the eye of prose, we can accurately understand and grasp the main idea of the article, then the understanding of key words and sentences in the article will be solved, because these key places are actually related to the main idea of the article.
The third key feature. The biggest feature of prose is nothing more than four words-"scattered in form and gathered in spirit". When reading and studying prose, adhering to these four words will make our reading not grope in the dark and suddenly open up. Because under the premise of "gathering the gods", those seemingly unconstrained and rambling things in prose suddenly have a refuge and a backbone. More importantly, we also know that all this actually revolves around a center. At this time, we are required to do the following in the usual prose reading teaching:
Before reading, make clear the meaning of "form" and "spirit" of this feature, and find out what kind of relationship exists between them. We know that "shape" is a form. "Form and prose" means that the expression of prose is eclectic, the sentence pattern can be long or short, the parallel prose is combined, the structural forms are diverse, and more importantly, the content and materials of the article are rich and colorful. And "God" is the center and the theme. As for the relationship between the two, it is the relationship between embodiment and being embodied.
Second, when reading, we should read the meaning of "form" and "spirit" in the text, that is, what they mean in the material respectively. For example, "I always want to sing a song for you", you must first find out what the object of writing is, what the general feelings are, and what specific objects the author wrote to express this "you" in the article, and what characteristics these objects have. Another example is Autumn in the Old Capital, which refers to five paintings, namely Autumn Garden, Autumn Sophora, Qiu Chan, Autumn Rain and Autumn Fruit. Every painting has a variety of scenery, such as the sky, flying pigeons, broken houses, broken walls and hay, which can be described as rich and colorful. All this revolves around his writing object Autumn in the Old Capital, which shows the author's love, yearning and attachment to the old capital autumn scenery. As for the relationship between the two, it is the relationship between embodiment and being embodied. This has been explained in the previous analysis, needless to say.
Third, after reading it, we should ponder the author's intention to write these materials. Articles are used to express ideas, and prose is no exception. Then, in order to express the author's feelings, the author always chooses colorful materials to express them. Therefore, the material in the work is to express the writing object of the article, but also to express the author's feelings, that is, to serve the theme. For example, in the article "I always want to sing a song for you", the author wrote that Zuo Qiu did not die, but generate showed great vitality, grew well and looked beautiful; He also wrote that Minqin people are willing to endure hardships and dare to travel, and their hearts are full of desire; He also wrote about Populus euphratica's death without falling, death without falling and the beauty and call of Gobi stone. So, what is the author writing these materials for? After a little thinking, it is not difficult to understand that this is to show the northwest, and the northwest also has these characteristics.
The fourth key. Students read prose to improve their reading ability and Chinese accomplishment, and also to improve their self-cultivation and temperament, but the most fundamental purpose is actually to cope with the increasingly fierce college entrance examination and social competition. Therefore, reading comprehension in Chinese examination not only requires students to understand the content of the text, but also requires students to learn to answer questions. This requires students to firmly grasp the question when answering questions. Because the setting of the stem in the language expression questions in the college entrance examination is very clever and has very important implications.
Reading the stem of the analysis carefully and trying to figure out the proposer's proposition intention carefully can clarify the correct answer direction, and then find the breakthrough point of the answer more accurately, and also find the relevant information area in the text more accurately. For example, the 2 1 question in "Talking about Friends" in 2002 is to ask questions from the story content and the author's point of view. It can be seen that the proposer's intention in compiling exercises is mainly to examine students' analysis and generalization of the author's views and attitudes. He also asked for a "brief answer according to the meaning of the text", which further clarified the direction of answering questions, that is, combining the main idea of the article to talk about why the author should "comfort him abruptly." Clear this point, according to the content of the topic, you can quickly find the area to answer this question.
Read the analysis questions carefully, make full use of the implied information and find the answer range limited by the proposer. Because the proposer sets the stem of the question mainly to limit the content of the answer; Similarly, in order to prevent candidates from being at a loss, they often prompt the position of the answer content in the text in the stem, and even limit it to which paragraph or sentence. In this way, we can find the corresponding position in the text according to the stem prompt, and then accurately grasp the relevant information area of the answer according to the semantic relationship of the context. This point that we often see in exercises is actually the answer range provided by the proposer to the candidates.
Read the analysis questions carefully, grasp the key information, and explore the answer angle of topic setting. For example, in 2004, the national college entrance examination volume 2, question 20, "In the author's eyes, what are the characteristics of the snow in the south of the Yangtze River and the snow in the northwest? What different feelings can it bring? " By analyzing the problem, we will find that the key to this problem lies in the author's vision. The characteristics of snow in the south of the Yangtze River and the northwest are the characteristics in the author's eyes, and feelings are also the author's feelings. In other words, the topic requires us to express the author's point of view. Another example is the 2007 college entrance examination volume 2 14, "What are the same characteristics of Zuo and Minqin people?" ? What is the author's intention in describing these two images? "After analyzing the topic, we will still find that the key to this problem lies in the text and the author's intention to describe these two images. The common characteristics of Zuo Ren and Minqin people are the same to the author. What is the purpose of describing these two images? It is also the author's writing intention.
Examples of prose reading:
There is a "Pushkin's Former Residence" in the Institute of Literature of Russian Academy of Sciences, which is a small museum that treasures the relics of Russian classical literature masters. I'm surprised here: almost all the literary masters I admire can draw good pictures. I only knew Pushkin liked painting before, but this time I saw lermontov, Nikolai Gogol, Turgenev, zhukovsky and Lev. Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and others! However, these paintings are not regarded as pure works of art in Pushkin's home, but as the relics of writers, together with the masters' desks, stationery, canes, glasses, coats, pocket watches and cups. They are regarded as the carrier of the writer's life breath-not the carrier of spiritual desire, but subordinate to literature, without their own independent identity and value.
Only one of your best talents is recognized, and other talents are just accessories. It's really unfair that the writer's painting is only regarded as a kind of material to study the writer's psychology and personality, not as a work of art!
Can you appreciate the wonderful paintings of these literary masters from a professional perspective?
Let's say Pushkin's self-portrait, which is his favorite subject. He can draw his protruding forehead and brow bone, sharp nose and slightly purple mouth with almost one line. He drew his curly hair and beard easily. He just dipped the goose feather head of the quill pen in ink and wiped it gently a few times, and his face was radiant. Most of Pushkin's self-portraits come from the poet's self-consciousness, just as most poets write poems based on the "first person". Looking closely, Pushkin's self-portraits are different, some are dignified, some are light, some are gloomy and some are lively. They belong to poets of different times, different environments and different mentalities.
Painting is an expression of Pushkin. A large number of his paintings are painted on his manuscript of poetry. Whenever he is full of poetry, the image will come to mind. This is his unique painting state. Therefore, Pushkin's paintings are mostly sketches, which are the spiritual records of his instantaneous image imagination. He likes to draw people-all kinds of faces and expressions. Some of these characters are fictional and some are real people; He has love, hate, irony and anger for these people. These characters are an expression of the poet outside the poem. Moreover, he never paints with a brush, but only uses writing tools-quill pens and ink. This shows that his desire to paint is aroused by poetry. Lev? Tolstoy said that he "used poetic thoughts"; Similarly, he also "used the idea of painting".
Pushkin drew two illustrations for the short story The Coffin Merchant in his Petom Collection. Although not a professional illustrator, there is a bitter irony in relaxed humor, which may be difficult for any painter to show.
No one counted how many pictures Pushkin painted on the manuscript. I think this number must be considerable. This phenomenon of free blending of words and pictures can only be compared with China literati paintings with large inscriptions. I think only Pushkin outside China has this painting of "poem and painting"!
Literati painting is very common in China literary world. But in the west, it is different. The tools and materials for writing and drawing are completely different. Painting is mainly based on sketching and sketching, paying attention to anatomy and perspective. If you want to engage in painting, you must first go through a set of professional training. It's hard! China people pay attention to analogy and advocate generalists who can play the piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. Even a pure painter should be proficient in "poetry, painting, book and seal". However, the West emphasizes analysis and classification and does not advocate omnipotence, so it is difficult to cross the "barriers" between various arts.
It suddenly occurred to me that nikolayevich, chairman of the Russian Writers Association, said, "God has given you a gift and will definitely give you all the gifts." This is a Russian proverb, which is very intriguing. I think talent should include human spirituality and understanding. People have synaesthesia to all kinds of arts, and it is not difficult to understand from synaesthesia to "generalist".
1 and 1 have two phrases with horizontal lines at the end. Please explain their meaning in the text. (4 points)
① The carrier of life breath
A:
② The carrier of spiritual desire.
A:
2. short answer. (6 points)
① What is Pushkin's "unique painting realm"? (No more than 10)
A:
② Why does the author emphasize "the phenomenon of freely mixing words and pictures" and "Pushkin is the only one outside China"?
A:
3. Try to talk about your personal views on the "generalist" problem mentioned in this article with examples.
Requirements: Contact typical examples outside this article. (4 points)
A:
1, the carrier of life breath-those daily necessities that can reflect the writer's psychology and personality.
The carrier of spiritual desire-an artistic work that can reflect the writer's inner ideals, beliefs and pursuits.
2、
(1) This question requires a general description of Pushkin's unique mood when painting according to the relevant contents of this paragraph. For example, you can answer "I have a strong desire for poetry and painting", you can answer "I use poetry and painting at the same time", you can answer "I inspire painting with poetry" and so on, and the meaning is right.
(2) Generally speaking, the author should emphasize the cultural differences between the East and the West-the tools and materials for writing and painting in the ancient East are not very different, while those for writing and painting in the West are completely different; Western painting has another set of training methods and painting theory; The west emphasizes analysis and classification, does not advocate omnipotence, and pays little attention to analogy, which makes it difficult to cross the barriers between various arts. The author believes that advocating crossing this barrier is conducive to giving full play to human potential.
3. This question examines the "divergent" ability of combining practice and background knowledge in reading. The facts that students must know, such as Su Shi's articles, poems and calligraphy, are extremely accomplished. Lu Xun is a novelist, essayist, scholar and calligrapher, who is good at seal cutting.