Brief introduction of Changchun
Changchun is the capital of Jilin Province, the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the province, and the second largest city in Northeast China. Located in the center of the Northeast Great Plain, 43 05'-4515' north latitude and 0/2418'-127 02' east longitude; The city center is located at east longitude 125 19' and north latitude 43 43'. The distance from north to south is 2 17.5km, and the length from east to west is 227km, with a total area of 20565km2, urban area of 4906km2 and built-up area of 368km2. By the end of June 2006, the total population of six main urban areas and four development zones in Changchun was 4.276 million, which exceeded 4 million for the first time. The total population of Changchun area was 7.984 million, which was close to the 8 million mark.
Resident of the Municipal People's Government: Chaoyang District,
Postal code: 130000.
Administrative division code: 220 100.
Area code: 043 1.
Pinyin: Shi Changchun.
Changchun, founded in 2000 BC, is the second royal capital of Su Shen. At that time, it was the main gathering place of Hui people (filth, Su Shen branch), and it was called. Su Shen's second-generation royal family built adobe walls and palaces here, which was called the capital of Xi, with a population of about 1000. This is the earliest history of Changchun, so "Xi" should also be the abbreviation of Changchun now.
Later, around 1800 BC, Hui (filth) people and Mo (raccoon) people gradually migrated and merged to become Hui (filth) people (the predecessor of Manchu), then became Dehui (filth) country, and changed "Xi Du" to "Dragon (and Dragon) City". In the long years since then, although this ancient capital has changed many different names, it has always been the capital of ancient countries in Northeast China.
During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, it became a part of the' Anbei Duhu Mansion' in the Tang Dynasty, and was sometimes called' Shushan Mansion' by the Central Plains people. This is the place where the prisoners in the literary prison of the Tang Dynasty were assigned. At that time, Shushan City was wrongly judged by many scholars, which also made it a city of culture and a place where many Central Plains students yearned for learning. Therefore, "there is a road in Shushan" has been passed down to this day. At this time, the wall area of a big city with a population of nearly 100,000 has expanded several times. It is precisely because of this period that the Central Plains culture was widely introduced into Northeast Asia, which has been affecting the development direction of national culture here.
In 846 AD, the leader of Hou Ji, Da Luorong, established Beishao (Bohai Sea) country here, changed Shushan Prefecture to Longzhou Prefecture, and moved the capital to the capital of Aodongcheng. At this time, it is also the cultural and economic center and the largest city of Beishao, with a population of nearly 500,000.
In AD 1 1 15, the Khitan gradually became stronger and became an important place for the Khitan to control the Jurchen. Because a Khitan prince was born here, it was changed to "Yeludeguang" after the Khitan prince. Later, in A.D. 1234, Jurchen rose here, established the only country, and returned to Bailong House, where her ancestral home was Longzhou. After moving the capital to Zhongdu (Beijing), it was renamed as "Kuanchengfu" in Longzhou and became the military, political and cultural center of the north. At this time, the big Jin kingdom is rich and strong. Nestorianism (Christianity) from the west has become the state religion of Daikin, and the whole people believe in it. Kuanchengzi has become the largest Christian holy land in Northeast Asia, with many churches and hundreds of thousands of believers. At this time, Kuancheng has a population of nearly one million, and the city has a scale. The wall is very high and divided into two cities. The palace is not used, but it remains very luxurious. People live and work in peace and contentment, and priests preach in the church.
Later, Mongolia became powerful and captured Kuanchengzi. It took nearly a year to attack. Because Yuan believes in Tibetan Buddhism, he thinks that this place is the nameless land of Nestorianism, and he can't attack it for a long time. He ordered the wall here to be torn down and the people moved to Liaoyang and Zhongyuan. This ancient Millennium capital has become a ruin, and everything in the ruins has been dug three feet and moved underground. So today, there is basically no trace of this ancient city, only today.
In the late Ming Dynasty, Jurchen became more and more powerful and established the Great Qing Dynasty. Later, Changbai Mountain became a sacred place for Manchu ancestors. In the ancient south, the post station along the Yitong River became the only way to Changbai Mountain. When Qianlong passed by here several times in summer to worship his ancestors, he found that the climate here was much cooler than Shengjing and the scenery was pleasant. He blurted out the poem "Changbai Mountain is a thousand years old, and the spring scenery is infinitely wide." Later, after Jiaqing ascended the throne, he went to Changbai Mountain to worship his ancestors. When I came to this post station, I also found that the climate here was very cool, and I heard what the first emperor said. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), I started to establish local administrative organs here, taking the two words in the first sentence as "Changchun Hall". 1865 Building wall, covering an area of 5 square kilometers. By 1883, the population has reached more than 90,000. This is the beginning of new Changchun and the origin of modern Changchun.
1896 tsarist Russia invaded northeast China, seized the right to build a medium-long railway and built a Russian residential area in Changchun. 1906 When the Russo-Japanese War ended, the rights and interests of the Russian empire in Changchun were replaced by the Japanese emperor. 1908, the Japanese emperor began to build Changchun Railway Station, expanded the "Manchuria Railway Subsidiary", and later opened a commercial port. At that time, the urban area was 2 1 km2 and the population was about150,000.
After the1931"9.18" incident, Japanese imperialism invaded the whole northeast of China, and Changchun became a colony of Japanese imperialism. 1932, 1 In March, Japanese imperialism supported Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and became a puppet regime-"Manchuria Empire". Changchun was designated as the "National Capital" and renamed as "New Beijing", which became the political, military, economic and cultural center of Japanese imperialism in the northeast of China. By 1944, the urban area is 80 square kilometers and the population reaches 8 17000. It is the only multi-ethnic city in the north, and more than half of the urban population is ethnic minorities. At that time, Manchu, Han, Korean, Mongolian and Hui nationalities in the city lived in different urban areas of Changchun. Today, Tiebei in Kuancheng District is mainly inhabited by Koreans, Nanguan District is mainly inhabited by Manchu, Lvyuan District is mainly inhabited by Mongols, Erdao is mainly inhabited by Hui people, and today Chaoyang District is inhabited by Han people. Because of its unique multi-ethnic settlement, Changchun was called Little Switzerland in the East at that time. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, our army liberated Changchun on April 1946. However, on May 23rd, 1946, 1946, the clutches of the Kuomintang once again extended into Changchun, which caused serious damage to Changchun's economy and various undertakings, endangered urban production and people's life, and finally reduced the urban population to170,000.
1948 10 10/8 Changchun was liberated again and was designated as a special city. 1953 changed to municipality directly under the central government. 1954 was transferred to Jilin province, and then the provincial capital moved to Changchun, becoming the political, economic and cultural center of Jilin province. 1955 has been designated as one of the provincial cities in China. 1979 is listed as one of the national 15 economic center cities. 1989 was approved by the State Council as a city under separate state planning. 1994 has been designated as a sub-provincial city by the state.
New Changchun, like a pearl embedded in the hinterland of Songliao Plain in China, has become one of the largest cities in China with its youth and beauty in less than 200 years of historical development and changes of modern cities! The submerged ancient history of Changchun, similar to the weather-beaten old man, tells the story of stumbling, ups and downs, great joy and great sorrow here. From the ancient capital to the new city, two different forces, distant and young, are destined to be brilliant in Changchun! !
Changchun is known as "automobile city", "film city", "science and technology city", "university city", "forest city" and "sculpture city", and it is the birthplace of China's automobile, film, optics, biopharmaceuticals, rail passenger cars and other industries. China FAW Group, located in Changchun, is the largest research and production base of automobile industry in China, and its automobile output accounts for one fifth of the national total output. Now it has formed an industrial system with transportation equipment manufacturing as the main body; Changchun is one of the important commodity grain bases in China, with the total grain output, commodity rate and commodity rate ranking first among big cities in China. Changchun has a solid foundation in science and technology education, with 32 universities, 100 independent research and development institutions and more than 20 academicians of China Academy of Sciences and Engineering. Its research in optics, electronics, laser technology, polymer materials and bioengineering is in a leading position in China, and some of them have reached the international advanced level. Changchun film studio, located in Changchun, is the "cradle" of the new China film industry. In order to promote the film culture, the Changchun Municipal Government has held a film festival every two years since 1992, and invited domestic and foreign film celebrities and film manufacturers to gather in Changchun to create brilliance together. Changchun's greening is very famous in China, and the urban greening coverage rate reaches 38%. It is an ideal summer resort with tree-lined trees and cool climate in summer. In winter, it is a scenery in the north, which is covered with silver and beautiful trees and branches. The famous Jingyuetan forest tourist area covers a total area of nearly 200 square kilometers and has the largest artificial forest in Asia. There are many tourist attractions in the city and more than ten tourist hotlines. Changchun is an open city along the border and enjoys the relevant preferential policies of the national coastal open city. Changchun's investment environment is improving day by day. There are 34 international and domestic air routes, with railways and highways extending in all directions. It has achieved direct long-distance telephone dialing and graphic transmission with more than 80 countries and regions in the world. 1998, the municipal government successively issued a series of policies and regulations to encourage foreign investment and domestic investment, further improving the soft investment environment. The good investment environment has attracted many internationally renowned large companies to invest in Changchun. At present, there are more than 2,000 foreign-invested enterprises in Changchun. It has established sister city relations with 1 1 cities such as Sendai, Birmingham, Little Rock, and Wenze, Canada, and established stable economic and trade relations with more than 60 countries and regions.
In recent years, Changchun's economic scale has been expanding, GDP has been increasing at an average annual rate of 20%, and its comprehensive strength has become stronger and stronger. The comprehensive social and economic strength ranks 16 among the top 50 cities in China, and the investment environment ranks 1 among the top 40 cities in China. It is a national economic center city and an administrative sub-provincial city. Changchun is also the center of Northeast Asia, with a unique geographical location and the charm of a thousand-year-old capital. Facing the new century, Changchun will go to the world with a more open image of the ancient capital of the Millennium and become an international metropolis in the world! ! !
At present, Changchun has formed its own unique advantages and characteristics. Taking advantage of the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China, it has gradually become a city with strong industrial and agricultural foundation, prosperous business, high degree of opening up and developed science and technology education. In 2004, the city's GDP reached153.5 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5% over the previous year. Full-caliber fiscal revenue reached149.8 billion yuan, an increase of11%over the previous year. Per capita GDP reached 2 1285 yuan, an increase of 12.6% over the previous year. In the coming period, Changchun will make great efforts to build the "three bases" of automobile, agricultural products processing, science and education culture, expand ten key industries such as automobile and its parts, food, photoelectric information, biology and medicine, and strive to build Changchun into a regional central city that is suitable for enterprise development, talent construction, residence for citizens and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad.
The "city flower" of Changchun is Clivia. This famous palace flower is cultivated in almost every household. This kind of flower is simple and solemn, very dignified and gorgeous, with a quaint beauty. This is a rare flower in China. On both sides of the famous renmin street, tall trees are neatly arranged, and on the stone steps at the corner, there are flower beds, and the fragrance is all over the street.
physical geography
Physical geographical location
Changchun is the capital of Jilin Province and the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the province. Located in the mid-latitude zone of the northern hemisphere, in the hinterland of northeast Songliao Plain on the east coast of Eurasia, at 43 05' ~ 4515' north latitude; East longitude12418' ~127 02'. It covers an area of 20604 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Songyuan City in the northwest, Siping City in the southwest, Jilin City in the southeast and Heilongjiang Province in the northeast. By the middle of 2005, the total population was 7.24 million, including 310.5 million in the urban area, where 46 ethnic groups, including Han, Manchu, Korean, Hui, Mongolia, Xibe and Zhuang, lived.
Changchun is located in the transition zone from the eastern low mountains and hills to the western platform plain. The plain area is large, the platform is slightly undulating, the terrain is flat and the transportation is convenient. Except for the small area of low mountains and hills in the east, most of Changchun area is a platform, with the second Songhua River, Yinma River and Yitong River running through it, and the two banks of the river are flat alluvial plains. Flat terrain and convenient transportation. The natural location extending in all directions is very beneficial to Changchun's economic development.
The natural area of Changchun has two characteristics: First, the terrain is small. The relative elevation difference of the surface is not more than 40 meters to 50 meters, and the slope of the surface is not more than 4 degrees to 5 degrees, which is conducive to the development of urban traffic. Second, the ground endurance is better. The geological foundation in Changchun area is relatively stable, and the bearing capacity of the foundation is 15 tons ~ 20 tons/square meter, which is beneficial to the construction of urban infrastructure.
surface configuration
Changchun-Siping deep fault is a main structural line separating mountains and plains, with uplift area in the east and subsidence area in the west, and Changchun area is located between uplift area and subsidence area. The transition of geological structure determines the diversity of landform types in Changchun, forming the landform characteristics of high in the east and low in the west.
The landform of Changchun area is composed of mountains, platforms and plains, forming a landform pattern of "one mountain, four hills and five rivers". The mountainous area of Changchun City is small, accounting for about 9% of the total land area of Changchun City. Among them, low mountains account for 2.56% and hills account for 6.44%. Jilin mainly includes Daheishan and Hadaling. The ground of Changchun Station is very large, accounting for about 4 1% of the total land area. Among them, flat terraces account for 35.23% and high terraces account for 5.77%. There are mainly Yushu Terrace, Changchun Terrace, Double Balcony and Youlongquan Terrace. Changchun Plain has the largest area, accounting for about 50% of the total land area. Among them, valley plain accounts for 39.4%, low terrace accounts for 7.5%, and lake plain accounts for 3. 1%. There are mainly Shuangyang Basin, Songhua River Valley Plain, Lalin River Valley Plain, Yinma River Valley Plain and Nongan Lake Plain.
Changchun city is located on the platform of transition from the eastern mountainous area to the western plain. The terrain is high in the east and low in the west, and the landform consists of platforms and plains. The platform accounts for 70% and the plain accounts for 30%. Different landform types have different constraints on urban construction.
The landform of Changchun city is divided into 7 communities.
Central flat area with high water diversion. Located in the southwest of Changchun, it is located at Kuanping Bridge and extends along the northeast. The highest point is in the area of Kuanping Bridge and West Chaoyang Bridge, with an altitude of 240 to 250 meters. The top surface of the watershed plateau is flat, and both sides of the plateau are slowly inclined to the northwest and southeast respectively.
Slightly inclined platform area in the west. Located on the west side of Fenshui Highland, west of Zhongchang Railway and north of Changchun Textile Factory, with an altitude of 220 meters. Caijiagou River flows out from the middle of the platform, passes through the Second Fu Miao, Dafangshen Reservoir, Xinyuetun and Songjiawazi, and joins Yitong River near Liangjiabao. Caijiagou River is wide and shallow, with gentle valley slope, ground slope less than 5‰ and complexity of 4-5, which is suitable for building. The Green Park is located here, and the current land utilization rate is not high.
Eastern micro-undulating platform area. Located on the east side of Fenshui Highland, with an altitude of 220-230m, a slope of 30'- 1 and a complexity of 4-6, it is the location of downtown area and Tiebeilou District. Cut by three shallow valleys, the ground microwave undulates. First, the head ditch is a shallow valley. It is about 4 kilometers long, and the river originates from the west side of Shengli Park, forming the scenic spot of Shengli Park. Through Guangfu Road and Jichang Railway, it flows into Yitong River on the north side of Changchun Iron and Steel Plant. Second, Erdaogou is shallow valley. It is about 5 kilometers long, and the river originates from the west side of the First Machine Tool Plant, forming the North Park Scenic Area, flowing through Tiebei Park and merging into Yitong River on the north side of Changchun Smelter. The third is the shallow valley of Nanhu ditch, which has three sources and an artificial lake at the confluence, forming the Nanhu Scenic Area. It flows into Yitong River on the east side of Yong 'an Bridge through artificial lake, Renmin Street and animal and plant park.
The undulating platform area in the southwest. It is located in the watershed plateau, including Xixin 'gou and Mengjia 'nan 'gou. Xixingou, located on the west side of Fenshui Plateau, consists of a series of wide and shallow gullies. Mengjia' nan gully is located on the east side of Fenshui Plateau and consists of two shallow gullies. The terrain here is obviously undulating, the slope 1 ratio is 2, and the complexity is 7 to 8, which is not suitable for buildings.
Southeast strong cutting platform area. Located in Diaojiashan area, the area is not large. Gullies are densely developed here with strong cutting, the cutting density is above 4 km/km2, the cutting depth is 10m ~ 15m, and the ground complexity is Grade 9, which is not suitable for buildings. Ponds and dams were built in some gullies to irrigate nearby farmland and vegetable fields.
Pinggu Plain in Northeast China. Located in the northern section of Yitong valley plain, it consists of floodplain and first-class terrace, and is the location of Erdaohezi and Balibao building areas. Yitong River is a meandering river with a meandering width of 600 meters and a bending coefficient of 1.5. Cut into grooves under the river bed, obviously on the west side of the valley. The plain on the west side is narrow, and the steep slope is obvious, up to about 3 meters. The plain on the east side is wide and inclined to the west, and gradually transitions with the floodplain, forming a first-class terrace with no obvious scarps, and the altitude is only 190 meters. The drainage system here is very poor and is often threatened by floods. There is a river bank along the river. The area is low-lying, and the building foundation is weak, so the foundation generally needs to be hit with the underlying bedrock.
Optical valley plain in the southeast. Located in the southern section of Yitong Valley Plain, slightly higher than the northern section, with an altitude of about 200 meters. The surface morphology is similar to the northern section, except that there are many rivers and low-lying wetlands, tributaries and streams. Streams are cut to form steep-walled river channels with a depth of 4 to 5 meters, and reservoirs are built to form Xinlicheng Reservoir Scenic Area, which is the main water source landform of Changchun City.
monsoon climate
Changchun has a pleasant climate and is known as the "Spring City in the North". The temperature in winter is 2-3 degrees higher than that in the same latitude and 3-5 degrees lower than that in summer. No matter from Harbin to the south or from Shenyang to the north, you will feel the subtle changes in temperature. There is no dry and cold in winter and no hot summer in Changchun, so Changchun is a veritable "spring city".
Changchun City is located in the hinterland of Songliao Plain in the northeast of China, with an altitude of 250-350 meters and a flat and open terrain. It belongs to the continental monsoon climate zone, and it is in the transition zone from humid area to sub-arid area in the national dry and wet climate zoning. The temperature rises from east to west, and the precipitation decreases from east to west. Spring is dry and windy, summer is wet and rainy, autumn is crisp, and winter is cold and long. It has four distinct seasons, the same season of rain and heat, and moderate humidity, which provides a good climate environment for human development and utilization of nature.
Due to the coordination of geographical location, topographic structure and atmospheric circulation, it has the following basic characteristics: four distinct seasons. Spring is short, dry and windy; Summer is warm and rainy, and there is not much hot weather; It is cool in autumn, and the temperature difference between day and night is large; Winter is long and cold.
Monsoon is remarkable, rain and heat are in the same season. In winter, under the control of strong Mongolian high pressure, the climate is cold and dry. In summer, the western Pacific subtropical high often meets the cold air moving southeast of Lake Baikal, and the precipitation is rich and concentrated.
The climate is continental, with a large temperature difference throughout the year. The temperature in winter is lower than that in the same latitude area, but higher than that in summer. The climate changes from east to west, with moderate heat and humidity. Changchun is located in the transition zone from the eastern mountainous area of Jilin Province to the Songnen Plain in the west, so it has the characteristics of the transition from humid climate in the eastern mountainous area to semi-arid climate in the west. The transitional climate makes Changchun have abundant sunshine, better heat conditions than the east and better rain conditions than the west, which provides good climatic conditions for agricultural production.
The annual average temperature in Changchun is 4.8℃, the highest temperature is 39.5℃, the lowest temperature is -39.8℃, and the sunshine time is 2688 hours. Southeast winds prevail in summer, and there is moisture supplemented by Bohai Sea. The annual average precipitation is 522 ~ 6 15mm, and the summer precipitation accounts for more than 60% of the annual precipitation. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 23℃. Autumn can form sunny and warm weather for several days, with large temperature difference and lower wind speed than spring.
Optimal travel time
Although the east and south of Changchun are not far from the ocean, the role of summer monsoon is weakened due to the blocking of Changbai Mountain. The west and north are flat Songliao Plain, and the Siberian polar continental air mass is unimpeded, which is greatly influenced by winter wind. Therefore, the temperature changes obviously throughout the year, and the four seasons are distinct: dry and windy in spring, short and warm in summer, obviously large temperature difference in autumn and long and cold in winter.
In spring, summer and autumn, except for a short period of high temperature in July and August, the weather in Changchun is mostly mild and pleasant. May-June in spring, 9-65438+1October in autumn, the temperature is suitable, and it is sunny most of the time, which is suitable for tourism and outdoor activities. In the winter of nearly half a year, colorful ice and snow sports can always make people forget the cold. Jingyuetan Ski Resort in Changchun is one of the most famous ski resorts in China. At this time, the tree hanging and the rime also make Changchun look particularly enchanting in winter, which is a bit more unique than summer. 1-February is the coldest time and the most beautiful time in Changchun. The snowy Jingyuetan National Forest Park presents a beautiful snow forest scenery, which is also a good opportunity for skiers to try their hand.
Tip: The temperature in Changchun in June 5438+0-February is basically below 0 degrees, so outdoor activities should pay attention to cold protection, especially the head, hands and feet. The light on the snow is strong, so the sun protection work should not be sloppy; In addition, wear sunglasses when skiing to avoid snow blindness.
administrative establishment
Changchun now has jurisdiction over six districts of Chaoyang, Nanguan, Kuancheng, Lvyuan, Erdao and Shuangyang, four counties (cities) of Yushu, Jiutai, Dehui and Nong 'an, and 16 development zones. Among them, there are 2 national development zones: Changchun Economic and Technological Development Zone and Changchun High-tech Industrial Development Zone; Provincial development zones (industrial clusters) 14: Jingyue Economic Development Zone (Jingyue Town), Changchun Automobile Industry Development Zone, Changchun Changjiang Road Economic Development Zone, Changchun Industrial Economic Development Zone, Dehui Economic Development Zone (dehui city), Changchun Shuangyang Economic Development Zone (Shuangyang District), Changchun Luyuan Economic Development Zone (Lvyuan District), Changchun Donghu Economic Development Zone, Changchun Helong Economic Development Zone (Helong Town), Changchun. ), Changchun Erdao Economic Development Zone (Erdao District), Changchun Nanguan Urban Economic Development Zone (Nanguan District), yushu city Huancheng Industrial Concentration Zone (urban-rural fringe) and Nong 'an Industrial Concentration Zone (Nong 'an County).