Tao Xingzhi is a famous educator in modern China. He devoted his life to the development of rural education in China and created many incisive new educational theories, viewpoints and methods. Life education theories such as "life is education", "society is school" and "teaching integration" are the essence of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought. He is a great "people's educator" in China's modern history. Under the background of the new curriculum reform, it is of great practical significance to study Tao Xingzhi's educational thought.

We can analyze the rich connotation of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought from both macro and micro aspects.

First, it has a strong spirit of educational reform and national consciousness (macro education)

1. Dare to be a first-class educator.

Advocate being a "first-class educator". This kind of educator should dare to explore the truth that has not been invented, not afraid of hard work and failure, and devote himself to discovering mysterious new theories; Second, we must dare to enter uncivilized territory, and we must know that the country has uncivilized land and uncivilized people. Both of these are our failure to fulfill our responsibilities.

2. Reform the examination system.

Tao Xingzhi is an advocate of reforming the old examination system. He severely criticized and attacked the old examination method in the article "Examination of Killing Life and Examination of Creation" written by 1934. He said: "Students study exams, teachers teach exams, and the school has changed the preparation office. You must teach what you want to teach in the exam, but don't teach what you don't want to teach in the exam, or even don't have to teach. So I no longer teach singing, painting, gymnastics, so-called extracurricular activities, I only want to teach books, only exam books, only exam guides! Education is equal to reading, and reading is equal to catching the exam. Have fun, traditional education in China! " "Now there are monthly exams, semester exams, graduation exams, senior high school entrance exams and entrance exams in middle schools. ..... Teachers supervise classes during the day and parents supervise classes at night in order to prepare for the exam and try to catch up. How much time do we have to accept the valuable knowledge of nature and society? ..... The driving test first drove away the color on the face, drove away the health, drove away the care of parents, and drove away the responsibility for national humanity. " Therefore, he shouted: "Stop censoring the words that destroy vitality; Conduct tests to cultivate vitality and creativity. "This is the cry of Tao Xingzhi more than 60 years ago. It really seems to be aimed at our one-sided pursuit of exam-oriented education today

3. Put forward the problem of educational modernization in China.

He appealed: "To be a modern man, we must acquire modern knowledge, learn modern skills, feel modern problems and exert our strength in a modern way. The times are constantly advancing, and we must participate in modern life and keep pace with the times in order to be a long-term modern person. Otherwise, in a few years, it will become a laggard of the times. "

4. Emphasis on cultivating innovative talents.

Tao Xingzhi believes that the value of life lies in development and creation. He encouraged and encouraged people to "do a great thing for a great thing" in their lives. He wrote vividly in a poem "Three Generations": "Action is Lao Zi. Knowledge is a son and creation is a grandson. " This means getting knowledge from actions and then using it to guide actions. Only in this way can we promote the continuous progress of society.

5. It has strong universality and universality.

Tao Xingzhi's educational thought is very popular and extensive. He is a private school education, and clearly put forward the ideal that "life education should liberate all mankind" His so-called "love the whole world" is the liberation of all mankind, and his so-called "popularization" is the people's nature with workers and peasants as the main body.

The popularity of his educational thought is also reflected in that he regards the people as the masters of education. He must first learn from the people, regard the people as the masters of education and serve the people himself. Therefore, he should educate the people with what they need most, help them master knowledge, and provide their scientific and cultural level in the most accessible way, so as to get rid of poverty and backwardness.

As far as lifelong education is concerned, as early as 1934, he said: "Life education leads to life and death. I was born with a bad reputation. I graduated when I entered the coffin. " Until his later years, that is,1May 945, he also stressed: "All people, old and young, should also receive education." Therefore, life education has long put forward the slogan of "never too old to learn".

Second, advocate a new education (micro-education) that is democratic, open and closely integrated with real life.

1, the establishment of "life education theory"

Tao Xingzhi resolutely criticized and opposed the closed and rigid education in the old tradition all his life; Advocate a new type of education that is open and closely integrated with the reality of life. This is reflected in his "life education" theory. Life education includes three basic contents: life is education, society is school, and teaching and learning are integrated. Its essence is to make education closely linked with life and social reality. He resolutely opposes cramming and memorizing exams, and regards the teaching process as a simple cognitive process; Emphasize "integration of teaching and doing". It is required to scientifically follow the laws of education and teaching, adapt to the needs of the times and society, and establish a new type of education that is closely integrated with the reality of social life.

2. Advocate the "Six Emancipations" of students.

Tao Xingzhi advocates students' "Six Emancipations": First, emancipate their minds so that they can think; Second, free his hands and make him capable; Third, liberate his eyes so that he can see; Fourth, free his mouth and let him speak; 5. Liberate his space and let him acquire rich knowledge in the natural society; Liberate his time, don't fill his homework schedule, don't force him to take exams, don't unite his parents to attack his homework, and let him have some free time to digest what he has learned, to learn what he is eager to learn, and to do something he is willing to do.

We should reform the teaching methods.

19 19, Tao Xingzhi boldly advocated changing the teaching method to the teaching method, "because the teacher can't follow the students all his life." The enthusiastic teacher wants to impart all his knowledge to the students, but there are endless new ideas in the world. Can teachers try their best to invent the mysteries of heaven and earth for students? Sir, what should I do? I thought Mr. Wang was not teaching, not teaching students, but teaching students to learn. "What Tao Xingzhi said more than 70 years ago is consistent with today's new curriculum's emphasis on developing students' intelligence and ability!

On the Integration of Teaching, Learning and Doing

The theory of teaching integration includes three aspects: first, how to learn while doing, and how to teach while learning; The second is to say that you are doing things, learning from yourself and teaching others; Third, education is not to teach people, not to teach people, but to teach people to do things. Anyway, "doing" has become the center of learning, that is, the center of teaching. If you want to teach and learn well, you must do well. If you want to do well, you must "practice your internal skills hard" and stop learning from each other.

The integration of teaching, learning and doing has two meanings: one is method; The second is the interpretation of life. In terms of methods, it advocates that teaching methods are based on learning methods and learning methods are based on doing methods. Otherwise, you will learn what you don't need and use what you don't learn. On the other hand, it is a description of life: teachers teach by doing and students go to school by doing. From the perspective of teacher-student relationship, doing is teaching; From the relationship between students and teachers, doing is learning. Doing middle school is real teaching; Learning by doing is practical learning.

4. The story (case) of Tao Xingzhi's "Four Sweets" handling the fight.

A story by Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator in China, is helpful and enlightening to both parents and teachers. One day, Mr Tao Xingzhi saw a boy trying to hit a classmate with a brick. After stopping him, order him to the office. After a brief understanding of the situation, Tao returned to the office and found the boy waiting for him. He took out a candy and handed it to him: "This is a reward for you, because you are more punctual than me." Then he took out a candy: "this is also a reward for you." I won't let you hit people, you stop at once, which shows that you respect me very much. " The boy took the candy in doubt, and Tao Xingzhi took out another candy and handed it to him: "It is understood that you beat him because your classmate bullied the girl, which shows that you have a sense of justice." At this time, the boy cried: "Principal, I was wrong. I can't do this if my classmates are not right. " President Tao took out the fourth candy: "You admit your mistake, and I will reward you with another one. I ran out of sugar and our conversation was over. " Mr. Tao Xingzhi's handling of the "fighting incident" completely broke the previous conventional education mode, not by preaching, but by grasping the positive factors in students' behavior and adopting the strategy of "appreciation" after understanding the incident, so that students can realize their mistakes themselves.

5. Teach people to seek truth (teachers' morality)

The strength of not using people is your weakness. I hope you can take advantage of people's strengths and help them overcome their shortcomings.

Teach students with a democratic style, lead a democratic life with colleagues and create a democratic school.

The teacher's duty is to "teach thousands of religions and teach people to seek truth". The duty of students is to "learn thousands of things and learn to be a man".

Come with a heart, not a grass. It is never wrong to educate children in this spirit.

Close to the people, marriage, parents and children, ask the past, ask the present and ask the future.

I am willing to be a camel for the suffering children. Be good to people, and so are cattle and horses.

True education is soul-to-soul activity, and only from the heart can we reach the depths of the soul.

Education is for educating people. People are also transformed, and education always influences each other. Mutual influence is mutual transformation.

As teachers, we must study and re-educate every day in order to have the joy of teaching without the pain of teaching. Only by constantly improving their democratic style can they set an example and receive the effect of educating the public.

Democratic teachers must have:

(1) Open-minded;

(2) tolerance;

(3) share joys and sorrows with students;

(4) learn from the people;

(5) learn from children.

We should learn from all people with an open mind: teachers, the public, children, friends, enemies, nature and sociology. We should be experts and knowledgeable.

What students are asked to do, teachers and staff do it together; Students are required to learn knowledge, and teachers and staff are required to study together; Students are required to abide by the rules and teachers and staff are required to abide by them hand in hand. We firmly believe that this method of studying, working and cultivating together is the real education. In a school, the gap between people is completely widened, which is the real spiritual exchange and the real personality education.

6. Learn to be a real person (moral education and all-round development)

Facts tell us that adults can teach children and children can teach adults.

A progressive young gentleman should have four spirits:

First, the pursuit of truth;

Second, that is, knowing and communicating;

Third, unite as one;

Fourth, never give up.

Morality is the foundation of being a man. Even if you have some knowledge and skills, it is useless. Moreover, the greater the knowledge and skills of people without morality, the greater the evil they can do.

The so-called sound personality must include:

First, private morality is the foundation of the foundation, and public morality is the foundation of serving the society and the country.

Second, the knowledge and skills necessary for life.

Third, a strong and lively body. Fourth, beautiful and harmonious feelings.

"Four questions a day":

Question 1: Has my body improved?

Question 2: Have I made progress in my study?

The third question: Has my work improved?

Question 4: Has my morality improved?