multiple-choice
1. Among many factors that affect people's development, the decisive factor is ().
A. Education B. Environment
C. heredity D. individual subjective initiative
Answer D.
The lecturer of Zhonggong School analyzes this topic and examines four factors of human physical and mental development. Among the factors affecting human development, heredity provides possibility (material basis and physiological premise); School education plays a leading role; Environment can turn possibility into reality, which is the foundation of reality; Individual's subjective initiative is the driving force to promote people's physical and mental development, and it is also the decisive factor of individual development. Therefore, choose D in this question.
Links to related knowledge points: factors affecting people's physical and mental development
(a) The role of heredity in human development
1. Genetic quality is the premise of people's physical and mental development and provides the possibility for individuals' physical and mental development.
2. The difference of genetic quality has certain influence on people's physical and mental development, but genetic quality is plastic.
3. The mature mechanism of genetic quality restricts the level and stage of people's physical and mental development, which provides possibilities and limitations for the emergence of physical and mental characteristics at a certain age.
(b) The role of the environment in human development
1. environment provides many possibilities for individual development, including opportunities, conditions and objects.
2. Environment is the external objective condition for people's physical and mental development, which enables the development possibility provided by heredity to be realized. The influence of environment on individual development can be divided into positive and negative.
3. People are not passive or passive when accepting the influence and function of the environment. People have subjective initiative, and people develop themselves in the practice of transforming the environment. Therefore, it is wrong to exaggerate the role of environment in human development, especially environmental determinism.
(c) School education plays a leading role in human development.
(D) the role of individual subjective initiative in human development
Personal practice is the decisive factor of personal development.
2. The fundamental difference between the experience course and the subject course is that it emphasizes that the course should be centered on ().
A. Knowledge B. Skills C. Problems D. Activities
Answer D.
Chinese lecturers analyze the classification of this topic and inspect the courses. Experience curriculum, also known as activity curriculum, advocates designing curriculum according to children's interests and experiences and children's activities. The leading value of experience course lies in enabling students to get direct experience and real experience of the real world. Subject curriculum is to select closely related contents from the whole subject knowledge to form a subject and organize teaching according to the subject. The fundamental difference between experience course and subject course lies in emphasizing that the course should be activity-centered. Therefore, choose D in this question.
Links to related knowledge points: course types
According to the inherent attributes of the subject, it can be divided into subject courses and experience courses.
(1) Subject course is a subject-centered course.
Subject courses are based on cultural knowledge, select certain contents from different knowledge fields or academic fields according to certain value standards, and organize the selected knowledge into subject courses according to the logical system of knowledge. The leading value of subject courses lies in inheriting human civilization, enabling students to master, inherit and develop the knowledge and cultural heritage accumulated by human beings for thousands of years. Logic, systematicness and conciseness are the biggest characteristics of subject courses.
(2) Experience course is a course based on students' interests and needs and centered on children's experience in main activities.
Experience course emphasizes the value of students' direct experience. The basic sources of curriculum objectives are students' experience and their growth needs. The leading value of experience course lies in enabling students to get direct experience and real experience of the real world.
3. In the basic education curriculum reform, the expression of curriculum design does not include ().
A. Curriculum standards B. Curriculum plan C. Teaching materials D. Multimedia courseware
Answer D.
The lecturer of Zhonggong School analyzed this topic and investigated three levels of curriculum design. Curriculum design is a systematic activity to make curriculum plans, curriculum standards and teaching materials purposefully, planned and structured. Therefore, the forms of curriculum design include curriculum plan, curriculum standards and teaching materials. Also known as the three levels of curriculum design, the text expression form of curriculum and the materialization form of curriculum. Therefore, choose D in this question.
Links to Related Knowledge Points: Three Levels of Curriculum Design
(A) the curriculum plan (teaching plan)
1. The meaning of the course plan
Curriculum plan is a guiding document on education and teaching work formulated by the national education department according to the educational objectives and tasks of different types of schools.
2. The composition of the curriculum plan
(1) Teaching Subject Setting (Elementary Question)
(2) Discipline order
(3) allocation of class hours
(4) school year preparation and school year week arrangement
curriculum standards
1. Concept of curriculum standards
Curriculum standards are the basic programmatic documents of national curriculum and the basic norms and quality requirements of national basic education curriculum. It stipulates the teaching purpose and task of the subject, the scope, depth and structure of knowledge, the teaching progress and the basic requirements of related teaching methods. Subject curriculum standard is the formulation of curriculum plans for different subjects, which embodies the unified requirements of the state for teaching of various subjects and is the direct basis for compiling teaching materials and teachers' teaching. It is also an important standard to measure the teaching quality of various subjects.
2. Contents of curriculum standards
(1) Preface.
(2) Curriculum objectives.
(3) Content standards.
(4) Implement the recommendations.
(5) Appendix.
(3) Teaching materials and textbooks (materials for teachers and students to carry out teaching activities)
Textbooks are teaching materials. Textbooks in a narrow sense, also known as textbooks or teaching materials, are teaching books written according to the curriculum standards, which systematically reflect the subject content, are also the concretization of the curriculum standards and are the core components of the curriculum. Different from ordinary books, it is usually divided into volumes, units or chapters according to academic year or semester. Generally, it consists of contents, texts, exercises, experiments, charts, notes and appendices, in which texts are the main part of teaching materials.
4. "Once bitten, twice shy" belongs to the result of () in psychology.
A. inhibition of stimulus B. differentiation of stimulus C. generalization of stimulus D. evaluation of stimulus
Answer C.
The lecturer of Zhonggong School analyzed this topic to investigate the generalization and differentiation of stimulus. The generalization of stimuli means that we can't distinguish similar stimuli and give the same response. Snakes and well ropes belong to similar stimuli, and their fear response is the same, so they belong to the generalization of stimuli, so C is chosen in this question.
Linking related knowledge points: the basic law of classical conditioned reflex
(A) acquisition and regression
The acquisition of conditioned reflex refers to the process of matching conditioned stimulus (such as bell) with unconditional stimulus (such as food) repeatedly, so that conditioned stimulus can obtain signal meaning, that is, the process of establishing conditioned reflex.
The regression of conditioned reflex means that after conditioned reflex is formed, if there is no unconditional stimulus, conditioned stimulus will appear repeatedly, and conditioned response will become weaker and weaker and eventually disappear.
(b) stimulus generalization and differentiation
Stimulation generalization means that once people and animals learn to make conditioned responses to specific conditioned stimuli, other stimuli similar to conditioned stimuli can also induce their conditioned responses.
Stimulation differentiation refers to making organisms learn to respond differently to conditioned stimuli and stimuli similar to conditioned stimuli through selective reinforcement and regression.
Stimulating pan-China and differentiation are complementary processes. Pan-China is a response to the similarity of things, and differentiation is a response to the difference of things.
Have you mastered all the above topics? I hope the exercises and explanations of these questions can help candidates prepare for the exam.