Student analysis:
The fourth grade is the transition period from the lower grade to the upper grade of primary school. Children begin to change from passive learning subject to active learning subject, and their own mental and ability development will change obviously.
The fourth-grade students have reached a certain level in skills and abilities, and have a strong understanding and perception of things; Abstract thinking has gradually developed, and the interest in learning has become increasingly extensive and has begun to differentiate; Curious about things, willing to take the initiative to explore, and have a rich imagination and unique perspective.
The fourth-grade children have accumulated a certain amount of life and learned to observe things around them carefully. At the same time, they already have certain logical thinking ability and can summarize the observed knowledge.
Teaching material analysis:
Heat is a common natural phenomenon. The study of content mainly starts with students' life experience, and then arranges a series of interesting and meaningful inquiry activities by asking questions about some common phenomena, so that students can realize that there is science everywhere in their lives and further stimulate their interest and fun in loving and using science.
This unit consists of five parts, 13 activities: cold and heat, thermometer, where heat spreads, heat expands and contracts, and heat affects the state of matter. In teaching, we attach great importance to the process of guiding students to explore science and establish scientific concepts. For example, the first lesson "cold and heat" is mainly to let students feel the cold and heat of water personally, and then let them find the cold and heat around them, so that students can understand the concept of temperature; In the activity of "thermometer" in the second lesson, it is mainly to highlight the training of scientific skills, so that students can master the skills of using thermometers to measure body temperature and body temperature on the basis of understanding thermometers; The third lesson, "Where does the heat spread", arranged three activities, namely, the change of water temperature, which bean fell first, heat preservation, materials, emphasizing the training of thinking and skills. Carry out some activities around the clue of "from conjecture-experimental design-experimental operation-data analysis-conclusion", so that students can experience a relatively complete scientific inquiry process; In the fourth class, "expansion due to heat and contraction due to cold", three activities were arranged, including changing cups, lifting water column and contracting balloons, to let students know that all solid liquid and gas substances have the phenomenon of expansion due to heat and contraction due to cold. In the fifth lesson, the influence of heat on the state of matter is arranged in two activities, the change of wax block and the change of water. The activity focuses on students' real life and autonomous learning, allowing students to explore the common three-state changes of water in life and realize that the state of matter can be changed under the action of heat.
The overall teaching objectives of this unit:
(1) Knowledge objective:
1. Know the hot and cold phenomena of some objects.
2. Understand the structure of thermometer, use thermometer correctly, and read and write thermometer correctly.
3. Know that heat energy is transferred from one object to another, and understand that heat is always transferred from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object until the temperatures of the objects are equal.
4. Understand the commonly used heat transfer and insulation methods.
5. Know that solids, liquids and gases expand when heated and contract when cooled.
6. Know that the state of some substances will change with the change of temperature.
(2) Ability objectives:
1. will study the cold and heat of water in different ways.
2. Learn to measure the temperature of air and human body and master some scientific skills.
3. Simple thermos bottles can be made to explore the thermal insulation performance of different materials.
4. Be able to analyze and summarize the experimental phenomena of thermal expansion and cold contraction of solids, liquids and gases.
5. Learn the steps and methods of heating water with alcohol lamp.
Emotions, attitudes and values
1. Having experienced the process of studying the heat and cold of objects with sensory organs, I realized that it is not enough for scientific research to rely solely on feelings.
2. Experience a series of activities to measure the temperature of objects, and gradually cultivate a rigorous scientific attitude.
3. Experience the role of experimental records in scientific research through experimental activities, record experimental data truthfully, and learn to respect facts and science.
4. Master the necessary independent inquiry skills and try to apply the learned scientific knowledge to real life.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
The focus of this unit is to enable students to correctly use and read and write thermometers, master the methods of heat transfer between substances, and understand the phenomenon of heat expansion and cold contraction of substances and the three States of water.
The difficulty of this unit is to guide students to learn through experiments, information collection, analysis and induction, and to understand the phenomenon of thermal expansion and cold contraction and the three common states of matter. Related teaching strategies:
1. Teachers should adhere to the student-centered and teacher-assisted learning mode, let students actively participate in experiments, cultivate their innovative scientific spirit and practical ability, and cultivate their cooperation, analysis, induction and experimental ability.
2. Establish a scientific, open and people-oriented teaching concept, face students' complete life field and provide students with an open space for personality development.
3. Pay attention to students' hands-on experiment and inquiry spirit, and promote the change of students' learning style.
4. Pay attention to students' hobbies, personality development, innovative consciousness and the ability to find relevant information online, and pay attention to improving students' comprehensive quality.
5. Teaching methods include teaching, discussion, independent inquiry, group cooperation and experiment.
The overall instructional design intention of this unit:
The learning content of this unit is arranged in five classes: cold and heat, thermometer, where heat comes from, heat expands and contracts, and the influence of heat on the state of matter.
"Cold and Hot" is the 1 lesson of "Hot" unit. With the help of two inquiry activities, "Where it is hot, where it is cold" and "Feel the hot and cold water", students are required to observe with their eyes first, and then practice with their sensory organs. Finally, "measuring with a thermometer" is taken as an extension and popularization to understand the hot and cold phenomena of some objects.
"Thermometer" is the second lesson of "Heat" unit, which mainly cultivates students' observation ability and hands-on experiment ability by letting them operate, observe, record and analyze. At the beginning of the class, the teacher first explains the relevant knowledge of thermometer, then arranges students to do experiments to measure the temperature of water and human body, and watches pictures of students measuring temperature outdoors before class, so that students can correctly master the use of thermometer, learn to measure the temperature of air and human body, and master some scientific skills.
"Where does heat spread" is the third lesson unit "Heat". On the driving page of this lesson, cartoon characters lead to a topic: how to drink such hot water? How to make water cool faster? This leads to the task of "where can heat spread?" Three activities with inquiry as the task are designed. Through the experiment of "which bean falls first", let students know the law of heat conduction and know that different materials have different heat conduction properties; Through the production activities of "insulation and materials", the insulation properties of different materials are explored; So we can know that heat energy is transferred from one object to another, and heat is always transferred from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object until the temperature is equal, so we can understand the common methods of heat transfer and heat insulation.
"Thermal expansion and cold contraction" is the fourth lesson of unit "heat". This course focuses on cultivating students' practical ability through their activities, so that students can understand the phenomenon that objects expand when heated and contract when cooled in a series of interesting experiments. We adopted a stimulating introduction, "How to restore the crushed table tennis?" Guide students to learn the methods of scientific learning from the common sense they know every day, and promote the formation of scientific thinking. The three activities presented in this paper are actually to let students explore the phenomenon that solid, liquid and gas expand when heated and contract when cooled. In the design, the presentation of knowledge points of thermal expansion and contraction occurs after exploration. All activity teachers can appear in the form of small experiments and "small magic", thus stimulating students' interest in inquiry and making them further explore. The whole activity is guided by the basic concept of "students' independent study, independent inquiry and active acquisition of knowledge" in the new curriculum reform, so that students can explore and experience the process of discovery by themselves and cultivate the spirit of unity and cooperation among students.
The influence of heat on the state of matter is unit heat in the fifth lesson. This lesson will focus on cultivating students' practical ability through students' activities, so that students can know that the state of some substances will change with the change of temperature through observation and experiment. Through experimental exploration, understand the three-state changes of water, and understand the freezing point and boiling point; Learn the steps and methods of heating water with alcohol lamp.
Arrangement of teaching time:
In this unit, we arrange 5 class hours: the first 1 class "cold and heat" needs 1 class hour; The second lesson "Thermometer" needs 1 class hour; The third lesson "Where does the heat spread" needs 1 class hour, and "online learning" does not need to arrange a special class hour; The fourth lesson "thermal expansion and cold contraction" needs 1 class hour, and "online learning" does not need to arrange a special class hour; The fifth lesson "the influence of heat on the state of matter" needs 1 class hour, and "online learning" does not need to arrange a special class hour.