Box 2 Schematic diagram of the basic framework of the education system (omitted)
The hierarchical structure of vocational education.
Primary vocational education. Continue to run qualified primary vocational education schools. Various vocational colleges, training institutions and employers carry out practical technical skills training to enable learners to acquire basic work and life skills. Secondary vocational education. Secondary vocational education plays a fundamental role in the modern vocational education system, providing basic knowledge, technology and skills education for junior and senior high school graduates and cultivating skilled talents. Secondary vocational education is the focus of vocational education development, and the enrollment scale of ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools will remain basically unchanged in the future. Higher vocational education. On the basis of running the existing higher vocational (junior college) schools well, we will develop applied technology universities and train professionals at the undergraduate level. Application-oriented colleges and universities are an important part of the higher education system and have the same status as other ordinary undergraduate colleges. The scale of higher vocational education accounts for more than half of higher education, and the vocational education at the undergraduate level has reached a certain scale. Establish a professional degree postgraduate training mode oriented to enhance professional ability. According to the regulations of colleges and universities, qualified technician colleges will be included in the sequence of higher education.
(2) Lifelong integration of vocational education.
Vocational counseling education. General education schools provide various forms of career development consultation for students and graduates who have not entered higher education. Ordinary high schools should appropriately increase the content of vocational and technical education according to the needs. Vocational colleges and general education schools carry out employment education and services with professional ethics, career development, employment preparation and entrepreneurship guidance as the main contents. Vocational continuing education. All kinds of vocational colleges are important subjects of continuing education, providing lifelong learning opportunities for all workers through various forms of education. Enterprises and institutions hold employee education and establish an institutionalized job training system. Social training institutions are an important part of vocational continuing education, which independently carry out vocational training according to law and undertake vocational training organized by the government. Laborers learn for life. Strengthen the openness and diversity of the vocational education system, so that workers can receive vocational education and training flexibly through various choices and ways at different stages of career development, promote learners to learn for career development, and make vocational education an education that promotes the sustainable development of all workers.
(3) Types of running vocational education.
Government-run, enterprise-run and society-run schools. Establish a vocational education system in which the government, enterprises and other social forces jointly play the main role of running schools and public and private vocational colleges jointly develop. The government implements a unified access system, runs key vocational colleges well and supports social forces to run schools. Vocational colleges run by various subjects have the same legal status and compete fairly and openly according to law. Full-time vocational education and part-time vocational education. Improve the proportion of part-time vocational education in vocational education, and develop vocational education with flexible learning methods such as work-study alternation, dual system, apprenticeship, work-study and distance education. By reforming the academic system, student status and credit management system, the overall management of full-time vocational education and part-time vocational education can be realized. Academic vocational education and non-academic vocational education. Vocational colleges carry out both academic vocational education and non-academic vocational education to meet the diversified needs of industries, enterprises and communities. Non-academic vocational education carried out by vocational colleges and vocational training institutions can be certified through quality certification system, credit accumulation and conversion system, credit bank and vocational qualification examination.
Open communication of vocational education.
In the vocational education system. System construction from secondary vocational school, junior college, undergraduate to professional degree graduate training system, to meet the educational needs of all kinds of technical and technical talents at all levels, and to serve the career growth of front-line workers. Broaden the channels for higher vocational schools to recruit graduates from secondary vocational schools and colleges of applied technology to recruit graduates from vocational colleges, and open up the growth space for students in vocational colleges. In the field of occupation that is really needed, we can implement the through training of secondary vocational school, junior college and undergraduate course. Vocational education and general education. Establish a bridge of two-way communication between vocational education and general education. Ordinary schools and vocational colleges can carry out mutual recognition of courses and credits. Learners can transfer between ordinary schools and vocational colleges through exams. Colleges and universities can recruit graduates from vocational colleges and jointly train high-level applied talents with vocational colleges. Vocational education and human resources market. According to the needs of economic and social development, vocational colleges determine the specification level, professional system, training methods and quality standards of talent training. Smooth the path for front-line workers to continue their further studies, increase the proportion of technical and technical talents with work experience among vocational college students, establish a channel for on-the-job personnel to study, find employment and re-learn, and realize the smooth transformation of outstanding talents in vocational and educational fields.