First, the main problems existing in the management system and operation mechanism of preschool education in our city
(A) the overall planning of preschool education is unreasonable. First, due to the unclear understanding of the nature, function and goal of preschool education, the development of preschool education in our city lacks overall planning such as special leadership, plan guarantee and policy norms. Second, the development of preschool education in urban and rural areas lacks reasonable planning, resulting in an imbalance between urban and rural areas. Mainly reflected in the high-quality preschool education resources are mostly concentrated in cities, while the quality of kindergartens in rural areas is relatively low. In addition, there are a large number of collective or private kindergartens in rural areas. Although this is the main body of preschool education at present, after the separation of management and operation, most collective-run and private kindergartens invest and operate independently, which has many problems. Third, there is no reasonable planning for the common development of public parks and private parks, and there is no healthy competition mechanism and reasonable subsidy mechanism. On the whole, public parks and demonstration parks have the advantages of superior environment, guaranteed funds, perfect teaching facilities and standardized management, and become the preferred buyer's market for parents; Due to the lack of fair competition mechanism between public parks and private parks, and the relatively high operating costs of many private parks, it is difficult to obtain funds. Over time, the gap between public parks and private parks is getting bigger and bigger.
(B) The urban preschool education management system has not been straightened out. First, at present, pre-school education is still held by qualified departments and systems such as foreign trade kindergartens, which has caused the problem of multi-head management and hindered the integration of the pre-school education management system in our city to some extent. Second, due to practical problems such as personnel and funds, the education administrative departments at the county and district levels have poor management of private preschool education institutions and their enthusiasm is not high. Even if someone is in charge, someone is in charge, and the eyes are often just staring at a few public kindergartens, and they can't manage a large number of private kindergartens at all. Therefore, village-level private kindergartens are facing huge market pressure, and it is easy to fall into a vicious circle of lack of funds, weak teachers, poor education quality and lack of students, so that the quality of preschool education in some rural areas is not high and the enrollment rate of children is relatively low. Third, the ownership and nature of supporting kindergartens in old communities cannot be properly solved, which has formed a historical legacy that hinders the development of preschool education in our city. In addition, due to the imperfection of laws and regulations, there are many security risks in the current family workshop-style unlicensed garden.
(3) Insufficient investment in preschool education. First, there is little investment in pre-school education in the non-compulsory education stage in our city. Due to the lack of rigid regulations, the understanding of the importance of preschool education is weak, and the investment in preschool education is very small. Most of them only give some differential subsidies to public kindergartens, and rural kindergartens basically have little subsidies. The lack of funds for preschool education in non-compulsory education stage has caused the income of preschool teachers in our city to be generally low, while the salaries of preschool teachers outside the establishment are mostly low. Second, the support for private preschool education is not enough, and it is often difficult to fully implement the laws and policies of private education. At present, private kindergartens in our city generally lack high-quality educational resources and are unattractive because of the backwardness in salary, job title evaluation, on-the-job training and information service. Most preschool graduates will not regard private preschool institutions as their first choice for employment. During the founding period, the capital investment was insufficient, it was difficult to meet the standards, the teaching facilities were relatively simple, and the materials for children's activities were relatively scarce; Government functional departments sometimes do not treat private and public preschool education institutions equally, which brings various difficulties to private kindergartens.
Two, improve the management system and operation mechanism of preschool education in our city.
(A) to enhance the sense of government responsibility, improve the construction of pre-school education planning system. Although the pre-school education in our city adheres to the principle of "who holds and who invests, and raises funds for pre-school education through multiple channels" and relies on market development, the education organized by the government should still be the leading factor of pre-school education. Only when the government strongly supports the development of preschool education, especially private preschool education, will preschool education in our city be greatly improved. Therefore, suggestions are as follows: First, strengthen the sense of responsibility, do a good job in pre-school education development planning, implement correct decision-making and overall planning, ensure pre-school education investment, and arrange special funds for pre-school education in the financial education budget, which will increase year by year. We should conscientiously implement the "Opinions on Implementing the Development Goals of National Early Childhood Education" and formulate various preferential policies in terms of construction land, project establishment, tax reduction and exemption, and construction costs. Second, we should constantly improve the local laws and regulations of preschool education management, expand the autonomy of kindergartens in running schools, and standardize the educational behavior of all kinds of kindergartens through school rules. It is necessary to establish a preschool education development fund and a kindergarten director fund. Pre-school education institutions organized by social forces enjoy the same treatment as public pre-school education institutions in terms of rating, teacher training, professional title evaluation, recognition and reward. Public utilities (water, electricity, gas, venue rent, etc.). Preschool education institutions should implement the standards of primary and secondary schools. The related expenses paid for the construction, reconstruction and expansion of preschool education institutions shall be implemented with reference to the standards of primary and secondary schools. Third, it is necessary to support high-quality public kindergartens to run schools through famous gardens and joint-stock cooperation, expand the scale of running schools, establish a management system of "marketization, independent accounting and independent operation", and implement the principal responsibility system and the appointment system for faculty and staff. In addition, pre-school education institutions should be encouraged to improve school conditions, use their own funds or loans to invest in upgrading equipment, improve school conditions, and give appropriate investment subsidies. The funds shall be borne by the municipal special fund for preschool education.
(2) Establish a reasonable financial subsidy mechanism to provide conditions for fair competition among preschool education institutions of different natures. Private parks have played a full role in the development of preschool education, and their contributions to society are obvious to all. At present, they have become the main body of preschool education. We must attach great importance to the problems existing in a large number of small-scale private parks and make great efforts to help them standardize their operation and development, so as to promote the development of the whole preschool education. It is necessary to ensure that public and private kindergartens have equal status as the main body of development, and give private educational institutions the same treatment as public preschool educational institutions in terms of examination and approval, classification and grading, teacher training, professional title evaluation, recognition and reward, so as to be fair and just. It is necessary to increase investment in public education resources, strive to improve the conditions for running parks, and narrow the gap between public parks and private parks. Public educational resources are public property formed by labor public accumulation of the whole society or non-market mechanism left over from history, including tax and various policy resources. Private parks should be "self-funded", but it does not rule out the use of government-funded support funds and public education resources. Our city should strengthen the support for private kindergartens, so that their school-running conditions and management level can reach a higher level, and the whole preschool education can reach a higher level. It is necessary to increase the income of teachers in private parks as much as possible through the cost of running schools. The government and parents should jointly contribute to form a reasonable and basically balanced charging price standard between urban and rural areas.
(three) to further promote the reform of the park system, give full play to the demonstration and driving role of public parks. First, we must establish and improve the teaching and research mechanism of preschool education. Establish a three-level teaching and research system at county (city, district), town and garden, establish an educational concept based on children's healthy and all-round development according to the law of preschool children's physical and mental development, further strengthen kindergarten education and teaching research, and actively promote kindergarten curriculum reform. The municipal education administrative department shall, through the project establishment and evaluation system of preschool education teaching and research projects, conduct public bidding for the teaching and research projects of preschool education institutions in the city, and the research funds required shall be borne by the special funds for preschool education in the city. Second, give full play to the exemplary role of high-quality preschool education institutions. Give play to the demonstration and leading role of grade kindergartens in school-running concept, education management and team building. Every county (city, district) should run at least one provincial-level kindergarten, making it the base of curriculum reform, educational research and teacher training in the whole city, giving play to its guiding role for weak kindergartens and radiating and driving role for regional preschool education. On the basis of the diversified school-running system with the public as the model and the private as the main body, we will speed up the construction of township central kindergartens and choose excellent private kindergartens as typical private preschool education institutions. Encourage and support high-quality preschool education institutions to undertake the task of urban scientific research promotion. Third, promote the all-round development of preschool children. Fully implement quality education, take games as the basic activity, pay equal attention to conservation and education, cultivate children's basic qualities such as health, liveliness, curiosity, civilized music group, self-confidence and initial sense of responsibility, and promote the all-round and personalized development of preschool children. Establish a family contact system, carry out various forms of early education publicity, guidance and other services, timely communicate with parents about the development of preschool children, and promote the continuous improvement of the quality of family education. Fourth, public parks and private parks jointly run schools, and famous campuses lead private parks, and make substantial joint efforts in teaching management and teacher training. On the one hand, we will expand the resources of high-quality preschool education and truly play the exemplary role of demonstration parks in all aspects of running schools. On the other hand, it also helps the park to accumulate market development experience and enhance its sense of competition. In other words, public and private kindergartens should pay attention to the combination and complementarity, and actively explore the mode of joint-stock kindergartens, high-quality private kindergartens running in chain and large-scale group operation to improve the efficiency of running schools. In cities, it is necessary to establish an interactive early education system between communities and kindergartens. Relying on the community, the government, real estate developers and owners run schools in various ways or jointly, and the scale is small and diversified to meet the needs of people at different levels.
(D) straighten out the pre-school education management system and constantly optimize the rational allocation of resources. The administrative department of education, as the competent department of preschool education, should seriously organize the implementation of preschool education development planning and related policies. Responsible for the licensing, management and supervision of all kinds of kindergartens, but also consider pre-service and post-service training, assessment and qualification examination, evaluation of principals and teachers' professional titles, and carry out scientific research on preschool education. It is necessary to straighten out the management system of preschool education, implement a business management system dominated by education and teaching counseling network management and township central kindergartens, and gradually improve the management network. Township central kindergartens or demonstration kindergartens should earnestly undertake the business guidance and management of all township kindergartens, regularly conduct training and inspection on related businesses, and improve the business level of village-level kindergartens by organizing teaching and research activities and sending people to the countryside. The administrative department of education should do a lot of guidance. First, we should run the park according to law, improve the consciousness of the director to run the park according to law, so as to implement legal and standardized management. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen education evaluation, with the participation of education departments and parents of students, and establish a socialized supervision mechanism with evaluation as the means and guidance and parents as the main body. Kindergartens should also be graded according to the inspection and evaluation results (instead of public and private), advanced kindergartens should be commended, incentive funds should be set up, experiences and lessons should be summed up in time, and unqualified kindergartens should be urged to adjust, reform or even cancel. It is necessary to establish and improve the supervision system of preschool education. Incorporate pre-school education assessment indicators into the annual target management system of township education, culture and health offices (education offices) to further improve the popularization level and quality of pre-school education.
In addition, the administrative department of education should give guidance to the establishment of pre-school education professional organizations. Encourage pre-school education institutions to set up the city's pre-school education industry association in accordance with the principles of voluntary initiative, self-selection of the president, self-financing, self-employment and independent meeting, so as to promote the self-management and self-discipline of the city's pre-school education institutions. As the representatives of the interests of preschool education institutions, trade associations aim at serving and standardizing the development of preschool education, formulate rules and regulations for preschool education, assist the government in formulating and revising industry standards, maintain market order, strengthen self-discipline of members and industries, and curb unfair competition.