On Vocational Education Papers 1 On Vocational Education Teaching Methods
Vocational education is an important supplement to general education. The modern teaching method of secondary vocational education is to comprehensively improve students' quality, cultivate students' innovative ability and practical ability, and embody the modern teaching method system of secondary vocational education with teachers as the leading factor, students as the main body and practice as the main line. According to the actual situation of secondary vocational school students, combined with years of classroom teaching experience, this paper puts forward effective teaching methods such as hierarchical teaching method, heuristic interactive teaching method, on-site training teaching method and simulation teaching method to improve teaching efficiency.
Keywords: vocational education; Teaching methods; reform
Vocational education is an important supplement to general education. Although China has made great achievements in vocational education, especially in vocational education teaching methods, there is still much room for exploration and improvement in many aspects. According to years of management teaching practice, the learning level of secondary vocational school students is uneven, so different teaching methods should be adopted according to the students' reality.
First, adopt hierarchical teaching methods to stimulate students' learning confidence.
Socrates once said:? Whether a person has achieved anything depends only on his self-esteem and self-confidence. ? Others say: self-confidence is half the battle. This further illustrates the close relationship between self-confidence and success. Therefore, in learning, if you lack self-confidence, you will lack the motivation to move forward, or even lose the motivation to move forward. How many people go to the bottom of life because of lack of self-confidence, and how many people lose success because of lack of self-confidence. Self-confidence is the cornerstone of success. Secondary vocational school students' learning foundation is uneven, so they can't use uniform requirements in the teaching process.
Some students feel that learning is very difficult, that they can never do it, and finally choose to give up learning, which brings certain difficulties to our teaching. Therefore, we should have different requirements for students at different levels and adopt the method of layered teaching. For example, poor grades require a lower starting point and master the most basic points; Require those with good grades to master basic knowledge in an all-round way; For those with good grades, in addition to mastering the most basic knowledge, they should also be guided and encouraged to master deeper theories to lay a solid foundation for further study. Such different requirements make every student, especially the underachievers, feel that I can learn and learn well, thus stimulating their self-confidence and motivation in learning.
Secondly, the heuristic interactive teaching method is adopted to improve students' autonomous learning ability.
Interest is the best teacher in learning. In order to stimulate and cultivate students' interest in learning, we must promote students' active learning. Motivated active learning is very effective, because what you learn through active learning will not be forgotten and impressed, which will lead to more thinking than rote learning. Passive learning without motivation often takes learning as a burden, and the learning effect is extremely poor, especially for secondary vocational students with poor self-control ability.
Therefore, it is very important for secondary vocational school students to cultivate their active learning. Only in the teaching process, fully arouse students' enthusiasm, open up students' thinking realm, cultivate students' ability of independent thinking, independent analysis and independent problem solving, give full play to students' role as masters of learning, adopt a positive learning attitude and give play to students' originality in learning can we cultivate and promote students' active learning.
In order to enable students to achieve this kind of active learning ability, we must adopt teaching methods suitable for the characteristics of secondary vocational school students now. Heuristic interactive teaching method is certainly a good teaching method. Heuristic interactive teaching has stimulated students' interest in learning, left space for students to explore and think, and brought students' initiative and creativity into full play, thus achieving our goal of cultivating students' autonomous learning and enabling them to actively swim in the ocean of interest and learn more knowledge.
Third, adopt the teaching method of field training (project) to improve students' practical ability.
The essence of secondary vocational education is employment education and rice bowl education, while the essence of employment education is ability training, which is the practice of theoretical service and practice, the study of theory and practice in and out of class, and the exercise of practical ability. However, the traditional teaching method centered on knowledge subject system emphasizes theory over practice and knowledge over skills. That is to say, at present, there is no unified relationship among talent training objectives, social needs and people's expectations, but they are out of touch with each other, so it is difficult to cultivate professional high-tech talents and adapt to the needs of market economy.
In order to meet the needs of market economy, the author thinks that the teaching method of field practice should be adopted, because it changes the traditional theoretical teaching mode and replaces it with task-based teaching, advocates student-oriented and improves students' practical ability. Integration of teaching and learning? . Task-based (project-based) teaching refers to a teaching method in which teachers combine theory with practice according to the implementation process of the project. Because adopting this teaching method is to provide students with perceptual knowledge before learning specialized courses, stimulate students' interest in learning specialized courses, enhance students' subjective initiative in learning specialized courses, keep students in touch with practice, improve students' hands-on operation ability and understanding of field practice, which plays an important role in cultivating professional and applied talents.
Fourth, adopt project teaching method to improve students' cooperation ability with others.
Project teaching method is a teaching activity in which teachers and students complete a complete project work together. In vocational education, project refers to the task of producing specific products with practical application value. With the improvement of modern science and technology and the production organization form of vocational education, people are working in groups more and more, that is, each group makes plans together and completes the whole project together or in a division of labor. In many cases, students who participate in the project teaching working group come from different majors and jobs, even different professional fields, in order to cultivate their ability to cooperate with colleagues in different majors and departments in the future.
Fifthly, adopt simulation teaching method to improve students' professional quality in an all-round way.
Simulation teaching method is a behavior-oriented teaching mode with teaching means and teaching environment as the goal. Simulation teaching can be divided into two categories: simulation equipment teaching and simulation situation teaching:
1, analog equipment teaching, mainly relying on analog equipment as the support of teaching, is characterized by not being afraid of the adverse consequences caused by students' operational mistakes, which can be repeated once mistakes are made, and there is also individual skill training, so that students can feel the correct essentials through their own feedback and correct them in time.
2. Simulated situational teaching mainly simulates a social scene according to the requirements of professional learning. Its function and working process are the same as reality, but the activities are simulated. Through this kind of teaching, students can have a more specific and comprehensive understanding of their future professional posts in the realistic social environment, especially some industry-specific norms, which can be deepened and strengthened, which is conducive to the overall improvement of students' professional quality.
In short, with the deepening of the new curriculum reform, we should innovate and develop on the basis of the original teaching methods. In the process of discussing vocational teaching methods, the reform of teaching methods should start from many aspects, because the content of teaching methods is very rich and involves a wide range, but it actually lies in ourselves? Accept, study and research? . We should broaden our horizons, increase our knowledge, and increase our sense of urgency and responsibility through the opportunity of observing and studying on the spot through educational reform. In this way, we will actively study and design personalized teaching methods with personal characteristics under the new curriculum reform. Because only in this way can we achieve remarkable results. Paying attention to the reform of teaching methods is an important way to improve teaching quality, and we should continue to explore and practice to make it more perfect.
Main references:
[1], Xu. Vocational education [M]. Beijing: Education Science Press, 2002.
[2] Shi Yicheng, Liu Qiwei, Qu Feng, Liu Xiaoyun. Entrepreneurship education [J]. China Vocational and Technical Education, April 2002.
[3] Bao Lei, Bao Jilong, Yu Huiqing. Reflections on the Specialty and Curriculum of Higher Vocational Education [J]. Journal of Ningbo University, 2003.2.
On Vocational Education —— The second part of procuratorial professional ethics education
This year, under the unified arrangement of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, we will concentrate on one year to carry out in-depth work in procuratorial organs across the country? Abide by procuratorial professional ethics and promote fair and honest law enforcement? Thematic practice activities. The practice of this theme plays an important role in strengthening the construction of procuratorial team, improving the professional ethics and legal supervision ability of procuratorial team, enhancing the law enforcement credibility and social image of procuratorial organs, and fully and correctly performing the legal supervision function.
Keywords: the professional ethics of the procuratorial team is fair and honest
The moral status of the procuratorial team will have a decisive impact on prosecutors' performance of legal supervision functions and maintenance of legal authority. Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of economy and society has also brought great changes to people's values. It must also have a certain influence in the procuratorial team.
Today, we have to put? Abide by procuratorial professional ethics? As an important theme of the construction of the procuratorial team, it is because in reality, the procuratorial team still has the phenomenon of indifferent judicial moral consciousness and serious judicial corruption, which has caused great harm to the reputation and dignity of the procuratorial team and procuratorial organs. So, this year? Abide by procuratorial professional ethics and promote fair and honest law enforcement? Thematic practice is an important measure to strengthen the construction of judicial moral concept, judicial moral behavior and judicial moral quality of procuratorial team at present.
Scientific understanding of procuratorial professional ethics is the premise of strengthening procuratorial professional ethics education.
Only by correctly understanding the essential attributes of things can we accurately grasp a series of problems such as the characteristics, changing rules and efficacy of things. Legal professional ethics is the standard for legal professionals to judge right and wrong in their professional activities. Legal professional ethics is a basic element that cannot be ignored in the legal profession, and it is the basic requirement for legal professionals to maintain their legal career and maintain a good professional image. Procuratorial professional ethics education can not be separated from grasping the professional characteristics of prosecutors, which are different from the general moral norms. The nature of procuratorial organs and the professional particularity of prosecutors make procuratorial professional ethics essentially different from other judicial professional ethics:
First, the procuratorial professional ethics is more responsible, and the law gives prosecutors the function of legal supervision. What is its fundamental mission? Maintain fairness and justice? The behavior of prosecutors is related to the stability of the country and the protection of people's personal and property rights. If prosecutors cannot restrain themselves with a stronger sense of responsibility when performing their duties, it will have a strong negative effect.
Second, the procuratorial professional ethics has a high demonstration. Procuratorial organs are the organs that enforce and supervise the implementation of laws, which determines that the moral level of prosecutors is directly related to the clean and efficient operation of judicial work. In other words, as a supervisor, people naturally have higher requirements for it. What if people can't learn from it? Supervisor? Obtaining enough convincing information will have a great impact on judicial work. Therefore, the prosecutor's professional ethics is more exemplary than other judicial professional ethics, and the content setting should be more scientific and standardized, with more reasonable and practical requirements.
Third, procuratorial professional ethics is more binding. Moral norms mainly rely on public opinion, traditional habits and inner beliefs, but as prosecutors, their moral norms should be more binding and linked with laws and party disciplines to make them more normative.
It can be seen that procuratorial professional ethics, as an important part of legal professional ethics, is not only a comprehensive evaluation of the public's professional attitude, values, behavior and self-image of prosecutors in procuratorial work, but also a prosecutor's self-recognition of his own outlook on life and values, a variety of legal and social relations of prosecutors in procuratorial professional activities, and a moral norm and code of conduct that should be observed in performing procuratorial functions. Launched this year? Abide by procuratorial professional ethics and promote fair and honest law enforcement? Thematic practice has made new provisions on procuratorial professional ethics: first, strengthen? Justice? Ideas, fairness and justice are further reflected; The second is casting? Loyalty? Character, ideals and beliefs are further strengthened; The third is to establish? Clean? Consciousness, honesty and further consciousness from inspection; The fourth is advocacy? Civilization? Concept, law enforcement behavior to further standardize. This requirement not only explains the main content of procuratorial professional ethics, but also is the basic requirement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's procuratorial system for the procuratorial team, and also puts forward new and higher requirements for the cultivation of procuratorial team's professional ethics in the new period.
Second, exploring the profound connotation of procuratorial professional ethics education is the basis of strengthening procuratorial professional ethics construction.
The education of procuratorial professional ethics is not limited to the teaching of procuratorial professional ethics, but should be embedded in the practice of procuratorial work. Compared with other professional ethics education, procuratorial professional ethics education has its unique and profound connotation. Only by grasping its connotation can moral education get twice the result with half the effort.
First of all, procuratorial professional ethics education has a long-term nature. Procurator's professional ethics education is based on the post of procurator and belongs to the category of continuing education. Therefore, it must be long-term, and it can't be a simple teaching of basic theory and legal knowledge, but a higher-level training of prosecutors' professional quality.
Secondly, the education of procuratorial professional ethics is complicated. On the one hand, the education of prosecutors' professional ethics requires that the education method should be targeted, the education content should be practical and the education purpose should be accurate. On the other hand, due to the particularity of prosecutors' profession, it is difficult to guarantee the systematic study time, which is easily disturbed by negative social factors, which is contrary to the high requirements of the state for prosecutors' professional ethics. Therefore, it is decided that the professional ethics education of prosecutors is not only a simple theoretical education, but also an ideological education.
Third, the procuratorial professional ethics education has a high quality. The object of procuratorial professional ethics education is procuratorial police, which has very special requirements. The object of education is engaged in the profession of exercising legal supervision on behalf of the state, so the requirements and constraints on it are much higher than those of the general profession in society, which also determines that its professional ethics education should not only stay in the general professional ethics and general ethics education, but should have higher binding force and stronger influence.
Thirdly, innovation of procuratorial professional ethics education is the way to strengthen the construction of procuratorial professional ethics.
It is precisely because of many new situations and problems faced by procuratorial professional ethics in the new period that only by constantly innovating the methods of procuratorial professional ethics education can we better adapt to the development of the times, meet the requirements of the people and better implement them. Abide by procuratorial professional ethics and promote fair and honest law enforcement? Thematic practice activities. Mainly can be considered from the following aspects:
(A) change the tradition and advocate new concept education.
At present, there are many problems in procuratorial professional ethics education in counties and cities. First, the educational content is empty and lacks substantive content, and the educational content is often available to people. Fake sky? The feeling of; Second, the educational methods are backward, especially in many grass-roots procuratorates, and the procuratorial professional ethics education is often easy to become a mere formality and lacks pertinence; Third, education is not systematic and there is no complete long-term planning. It is often what the above activities are, and the following practices are copied. The dispersion of professional ethics education will inevitably lead to a great reduction in the educational effect; Fourth, the means of education is single. There is only one way of professional ethics education for procuratorial organs, especially grass-roots procuratorial organs, such as studying documents and holding reports. These methods pay attention to preaching, lack the ability to impress people, and are easy to get the opposite effect. It can be seen that only by first breaking through the concept and rethinking the importance of professional ethics education can procuratorial professional ethics education really enter a new development path.
(B) the introduction of psychological education, improve the pertinence of professional ethics education
According to psychology, human psychological process includes three aspects: cognitive process, emotional process and will process. If people's cognition, emotion and will develop in harmony, that is, to maintain a healthy psychological process, they can produce correct cognition, healthy emotion and indomitable will in the process of understanding and transforming the world. At present, procuratorial professional ethics education lacks understanding of prosecutors' psychology, but the educational effect is difficult to play.
At present, the main way of professional ethics education in procuratorial organs is the combination of rewards and punishments, ignoring the cultivation of professional emotion, that is, prosecutors' professional identity is not high, and it is difficult to internalize professional ethics into internal characteristics. To strengthen the education of procuratorial professional ethics, we should not only educate, supervise, encourage and punish, but also pay attention to the cultivation of prosecutors' self-discipline consciousness. Humanized management concept should be adopted to timely intervene in the psychology of prosecutors with signs of risk, so as to achieve the purpose of nip in the bud. By creating a good professional environment to enhance the professional feelings of all prosecutors, it is possible for prosecutors to spontaneously abide by the procuratorial professional ethics.
(3) Establish a post risk prevention mechanism to enhance the foresight of procuratorial professional ethics education.
The so-called risk prevention mechanism is to find out how to eliminate and avoid the side effects and harm caused by scientific and technological achievements and social achievements through subjective and objective aspects. This is also a new interdisciplinary frontier science in the west in recent years. The purpose of studying risk is to avoid it. The legal risk is that if you don't have good moral quality in the process of law enforcement, you may break the law because you exceed the moral bottom line. Therefore, by discovering the possible risk points in the procuratorial profession, educating in advance, guiding the educated to improve their cognitive level of legal risks, correcting their attitude towards legal risks, and using typical cases to carry out anti-corruption education. It can stimulate them to think about the prosecutor's duty crime in many aspects and achieve the purpose of risk education.
(4) Establish an evaluation mechanism of procuratorial professional ethics to improve the participation of procuratorial professional ethics education.
Compared with other education, moral education is more bidirectional and interactive, and requires the participation of the educated to make education more effective. Through the establishment of evaluation mechanism, prosecutors can guide and correct their own behaviors and remarks through evaluation and coordinate their interpersonal relationships. Through evaluation, encouragement, explanation, example or demonstration, etc. In order to arouse the prosecutor's inner sense of responsibility and obligation. This requires us to establish a set of scientific evaluation system including social evaluation and self-evaluation while implementing procuratorial professional ethics education, clarify evaluation indicators, and cultivate morality with evaluation education.
Taking procuratorial professional ethics education as a long-term theme practice shows that prosecutors, as legal professionals, have reached a new height in their understanding of the importance of professional ethics. As Shi Shangkuan, a scholar in Taiwan Province, said: Although there is a perfect system to ensure the independence of the trial and adequate legal research, if he is deceived by external temptations and material desires and perverts the law, he will use his legal knowledge as a tool of crime, which is tantamount to adding wings to the tiger and aiding the abuse. Although legal cultivation is essential, moral cultivation is particularly important? . It is hoped that through the thematic practice activities organized by the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the ethics of prosecutors will be raised to the level of departments, so that the majority of prosecutors and policemen can better perform the sacred duties entrusted to us by law.