1. Question characteristics: This type of multiple-choice question creates a new historical situation by introducing historical materials, and requires candidates to judge the basic historical facts reflected in the materials. It is one of the most common multiple-choice questions based on materials.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example1(Question 16 of National College Entrance Examination 2008) Lenin, when commenting on an incident in modern China, pointed out that the European bourgeois countries flaunting "freedom", "democracy" and "republic" did not support China's revolutionary movement; Instead, this movement aroused their desire to "plunder China" and formed an alliance with the backward forces in China. The event referred to by Lenin is (

)

A. Boxer Rebellion B. Xinhai Revolution

C. May 4th Movement D. National Revolution

Problem-solving guidance: choosing item B does not meet the requirements of "implementing alliance" in the topic. Item B conforms to the characteristics of the times when imperialism carried out the policy of "divide and rule" against China after the Revolution of 1911, and conforms to the meaning of the question. Sum of item c

Item D is inconsistent with the requirement of "implementing alliance" in the title.

Example 2 (Question 17 of Chongqing Volume of Comprehensive Literature of College Entrance Examination in 2008) The word "Xie" in Li Bai's poem "Step on the Green Ladder" first appeared in ().

A. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period B. Qin and Han Dynasties

C. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties D Sui and Tang Dynasties

Problem-solving guidance: choose C. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, piercing holes and awnings were popular in the south, which was suitable for the south with more rain. "Xie Gong" in "Xie Gong" refers to Xie Lingyun, a famous poet in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.

Example 3 (Question 20 of Guangdong History Volume of the 2008 College Entrance Examination) Marx and Engels said: "Because the development of class opposition is in sync with the development of industry, these inventors can't see the material conditions for proletarian liberation, so they explore some social sciences and social laws in order to create these conditions." "Inventor" means (

)

A. Scientific socialists B. Utopian socialists

C. Paris Commune * * * D. First International * * *

Problem-solving guidance: choose B. The key words in the topic are "the development of class opposition", "the development of industry is synchronous" and "the material conditions for proletarian liberation cannot be seen". In 1848, Marx and Engels published the * * * declaration, which has revealed the law of proletarian socialist revolution. Therefore, only utopian socialism theory can meet the requirements of the times when the industrial revolution in the topic is going on.

Second, the information refining type

1. Characteristics of the question type: This question type requires candidates to extract effective information from the materials from the outside to the inside through analysis, understanding, induction and summary, and draw important conclusions on the basis of eliminating the false and retaining the true.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example1(Question 1 19 of National College Entrance Examination in 2008) Nobel Prize in Literature winner Douglas North wrote: "Suppose an ancient Greek. Z and AG were miraculously sent to England at 1750, and he or she would find many familiar things. However, if the Greeks were sent two centuries later, they would find themselves in a' fantasy' world, knowing nothing or even nothing. " The main historical basis for the author to put forward the latter hypothesis is (

)

A. Formation and development of industrial society

B. Explosive population growth

C. Accelerated economic globalization

D. Close contacts between countries

Problem-solving guidance: Choose A. The former hypothesis in the material (1Britain in 750) occurred before the industrial revolution. "Two centuries later", that is, Britain after the completion of the two industrial revolutions, people in the workshop handicraft stage will naturally feel strange in the face of the characteristics of the industrial society in this new era. Therefore, it is based on a.

Example 2(2008 National College Entrance Examination Volume 2 18) Machiavelli put forward: "The only way to establish a certain order ... is to establish a monarchy: because in those places where the people have completely degenerated and the laws are not binding, certain supreme power must be established. Through this kind of power, with a pair of noble hands and enough arbitrary power, it is possible to control the excessive ambition and corruption of those who are powerful. " This shows that Machiavelli thinks (

)

Monarchy is an inevitable choice to get rid of chaos.

B. Monarchy is the most ideal regime in an orderly country.

C. The monarch's rule is sacred and noble.

D. the monarch's rule must be moral.

Problem-solving guidance: choose the narrative in A. materials, such as "the only way to establish a certain order", "to establish a monarchy", "to establish a supreme power" and "to be able to control it", which are all in line with Machiavelli's proposition of the inevitability of establishing a monarchy in The Prince.

Third, the causal judgment type

1. characteristics of the question type: this question type lists various factors (reasons, conditions, results, etc. According to the materials existing in historical events, candidates are required to find out the background, reasons, purposes and results corresponding to the above factors according to the requirements of topic orientation (fundamental, direct, primary, secondary, subjective and objective, etc.). ).

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example1(Question 15 of the National College Entrance Examination in 2008) 1920 When Liang Qichao talked about the "omnipotence of science" in the European Mind Record, he thought that it "certainly can't be as rampant as before". Liang Qichao said this because (

)

A. The spread of science and technology in China is hindered.

B. Europe has a high level of scientific and technological development.

C in the world war, science and technology have become the tools of war.

D. The development of science and technology has slowed down.

Problem-solving instruction: choose C. The topic is provided in 1920. The main reason why Mr. Liang Qichao advocates that "science is omnipotent" denies this theory is that the World War I of1914 ~1918 made science and technology a tool of war to create human disasters. None of the other options fit the meaning of this question.

In t946, former US President Hoover declared, "At present, only we can impose our policies on the world." 1972, US President Nixon issued a statement: "The United States is determined to listen to the opinions of NATO partners with a new courtesy." The main reason for the change of attitude in the United States is (

)

A. the United States is weak and seeks European support.

B. When the Cuban missile crisis broke out, the United States turned to Europe for help.

C. the relationship between the United States and Europe deteriorated and the United States tried to ease it.

D. The establishment of the European Community, the United States attaches importance to the status of Europe

Problem-solving guidance: choose D. 1946 at the beginning after the end of World War II, and the United States completely replaced Britain as the world hegemon. Europe was forced to follow the United States because it accepted the American European Renaissance Plan (Marshall Plan). In the 1970s, Western Europe was on the rise, and it pursued an independent foreign policy. The capitalist world forms three pillars: the United States, Japan and Western Europe. American policy towards western European countries depends on the change of its own strength.

Fourth, comparative type.

1. Question characteristics: This question compares two or more historical phenomena (such as events, people, laws and regulations, etc.). ) In a place, through the form of materials, find out the similarities or differences that match the meaning of the question with the candidates, and find out the reasons for their similarities or differences. This type of question is relatively rare in the current multiple-choice questions in the college entrance examination.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example1(Question 5 of Guangdong History Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2008) The breeze blows the flags and banners. One said it was the wind, and the other said it was flapping. Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, said that it is not the wind, not the fluttering, but the hearts of two people. On the issue of the origin of the world, the thinker who has similarities with Huineng's point of view is (

)

A. Confucius B. Cheng Hao

C. Zhu Ding Wang Yangming

Problem-solving instruction: D. Wang Yangming (Wang Shouren) was chosen to establish a systematic theory of mind, and he was a master of mind, so his viewpoint was similar to Huineng's.

Example 2 (Question 22 of National College Entrance Examination 2008) The following two pictures are street views of a city in Europe. Figure 1 was shot in August 196 1, and Figure 2 was shot after June 1989+0 1. They reflect (

)

A. the beginning of the cold war and the end of the bipolar pattern

B. Great Power Confrontation and National Unity

C. intensification of military conflicts and regime change

D. intensification and temporary relief of ethnic contradictions

Problem-solving guidance: choose B. The topic reflects the construction of the Berlin Wall in 196 1 and the demolition of this wall in 1989+0 1. This topic reflects the historical truth from the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union to the reunification of Germany through the rise and fall of the Berlin Wall.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Degree type (best type)

1. Question type characteristics: This question type depends on the selected materials. In the design alternatives, some meet the requirements of the stem, and some basically meet the requirements of the stem. The contents of these alternatives are intrinsically related to the requirements of the stem. Candidates must analyze and compare and choose the "best" option that fully meets the requirements of the questions.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example l(2008 College Entrance Examination Chinese Comprehensive Tianjin Volume No.20) Building the grand Beijing-Kowloon Railway is a "century dream" of the Chinese nation. In the 1990s, this "dream" became a reality in only three years. The main reason is (

》

A. the state finance has been able to provide sufficient funds.

B. Rapid improvement of comprehensive national strength after reform and opening up

C. the state has the ability to design and build independently.

D. The country's urgent need to accelerate economic development

Problem-solving guidance: choose b and a as the premise; Item b is the root cause, that is, the main reason; Item c is an objective reason; Item d is subjective.

Example 2 (Question 20 of National College Entrance Examination in 2008) In Britain, the labor force engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishery accounts for 1/3, 1, 83 1/4 of the total annual labor force. The root cause of this phenomenon is (

)

A. Accelerating the urbanization process

B. Realizing agricultural mechanization

C. Increased migration

D. Rapid industrialization

Problem-solving guidance: choose D. The material data in the question reflect that the population engaged in the primary industry in Britain is decreasing day by day. Item A is an important reason for this phenomenon, item B is the direct reason, item C has nothing to do with the meaning of the question, and item D is the fundamental reason.

Six, reveal the essential types

1. Characteristics of the question type: This question type is a form of creating new situations with materials, which requires candidates to profoundly reveal the essence of the historical development process through the representation of materials.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

After example1(Question 18 of Tianjin College Entrance Examination in 2008) 1900, there appeared a once-prosperous area outside the south gate of the old city of Tianjin (around Heather), which was not managed by the concession and Tianjin, commonly known as "three visits". This essentially reflects the modern Tianjin city (

)

A. feudal backwardness

B. Irrationality of public security management

C. semi-colonial and semi-feudal

D. random and random construction.

Problem-solving guidance: choose C, item B in the topic is just a representation, and items A' and D do not conform to the meaning of the topic. Only item C reflects the essential characteristics of China society in the early 20th century.

Example 2 (Question 23 of Guangdong History Volume of the College Entrance Examination in 2008) 1960. French President Charles de Gaulle shouted: "Long live France! Since this morning, she has become stronger and more proud. " Related to this situation is (

)

A. The multipolar pattern of world politics has finally taken shape.

B. the revival of western European countries and the weakening of the bipolar pattern

C. the formation of the european community and the strengthening of economic globalization

D. the decline of western European countries and the consolidation of American hegemony

Problem-solving instruction: Choose B. Judging from the time provided by the topic, only item B can reflect the historical essential characteristics of 1960, that is, the 1960s. Item A is incorrect, and the multipolar pattern has not been finally formed until now. The first half of item C occurred at 1967, and the second half occurred after 90. Item D occurred after World War II.

Seven, analysis and evaluation type

1. Characteristics of the question type: This question type mainly requires the candidates to interpret, judge and evaluate the historical events, historical figures and historical phenomena involved in the materials according to the existing knowledge and the basic theory of Marxism, and get a rational understanding that conforms to reality.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example1Zhang Zhidong said: "I think if China people need foreign things, they should copy them. Although the source is not exhausted, it can gradually open up the atmosphere. " This shows that he advocates (

)

A. imitate the western political system.

B. Building a modern military industry

C. Establishing modern civil industry

D. learning western natural science

Problem-solving guidance: choose C. The focus of the topic is "Huamin", which requires production and daily necessities. According to the knowledge learned, Zhang Zhidong founded Hanyang Iron Works and Hubei Weaving Layout, so item C fits the meaning of the topic.

Example 2 (2008 college entrance examination Ningxia Volume No.25) The biography of a good official in the old Tang Dynasty recorded an official named Fangyi Wang, "(Emperor Gaozong) issued an order to maintain stability in Yonghui, and the surname of Huangfu has passed, and the thief has stopped, and he is good at government." There were many such records at that time. This shows that (.

)

First, the relationship between government and surname is the key to local governance.

B. the court has always suppressed gentry.

C. the court lacks influence on the local government.

D. The expansion of the influence of the gentry's surname led to the separatist regime.

Problem-solving guidance: Choose A, and the key words in the topic are "good officials" and "killing Huangfu, stopping thieves, and being good at government". Both items B and C are inconsistent with the meaning of the question. Item D has nothing to do with materials, and "thief" generally refers to the peasant uprising in historical records.

Eight. Chart type-

1. Characteristics of the question type: This question type mainly presents the historical development process in the form of pictures or tables, and requires candidates to reveal, judge, summarize and summarize the names, causes, purposes, properties, characteristics, processes, results and influences of historical events and phenomena according to pictures or tables.

2. Typical examples of college entrance examination:

Example1(Question 9 of Jiangsu History Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2008) The following picture is the cover of a cartoon, telling the story of Sun Zhigang, a farmer in Sunjiazhuang. "She" in the picture means ()

A. agricultural production cooperation organization

B. Public-private joint production organizations

C. People's commune production organization

D. contract production to the production organization of the group.

Problem-solving guidance: Choose A. The publication time of the picture is April 1953, so this period is in the early stage of the three major socialist transformations. At this time, the "cooperative" is the agricultural production cooperative. Item B appears in 1953, which is an industrial production organization. Item C appears in 1958. Item d occurs after 1980.

,

Example 2(2008 College Entrance Examination Shandong VolumeNo. 1 1) Slogans during the democratic revolution publicized the Party's policies and spread the revolutionary flame. The following slogan should appear in ()

A. During the Agrarian Revolution

C. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period D during the War of Liberation

Problem-solving guidance: choose B. There are words such as "carrying out land reform", "suppressing reactionary forces", "supporting workers' interests" and "Soviet regime of workers and peasants" in the picture, which is obviously the slogan of the ten-year confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, that is, the agrarian revolution period.