? 1. Emergency knowledge
Emergency knowledge is related knowledge of emergency self-help and disaster prevention accumulated by people in long-term practice. It has a relatively strict logical system that has been tested by repeated practice, such as the types of natural disasters, the causes and characteristics of various disasters, the omen of disasters, the early warning signals of different disasters, and the preventive measures of various disasters. And the knowledge of escape and rescue when disaster comes. Emergency knowledge is generally the common sense, prevention and response methods and skills of various emergencies taught by full-time and part-time teachers in schools or community activity places, memorial places and rescue bases.
? 2. Emergency skills
? Emergency skills are a series of rescue and escape actions to effectively deal with emergencies, including first aid, fire fighting, swimming, early warning and evacuation. It takes constant training and practice to master it skillfully. Emergency skills mainly rely on schools, volunteer organizations, grassroots community organizations, emergency rescue training bases, disaster memorial venues and other institutions, and cooperate with relevant emergency departments to carry out rescue training and emergency drills. Instructors use props and equipment in specific places and conduct rescue training for participants through various institutions.
? ? 3. Emergency awareness
Emergency consciousness refers to people's conscious and active use of their emergency knowledge when an emergency is about to happen, and their understanding of casualties and property losses after the crisis and the response measures when the crisis comes. Emergency awareness can make people in a prepared and positive state before the crisis breaks out. Different from first aid knowledge, it is not objective, but subjective. For example, leading cadres' awareness of dealing with emergencies is manifested in their understanding of the causes and handling plans of emergencies at the moment they face emergencies. Ordinary people's emergency awareness is manifested in their ability to actively identify and judge when encountering signs of natural disasters, and subconsciously take self-help and mutual rescue actions. Not everyone's cognition can reach the same level, nor is everyone's cognition of the same thing the same. Generally speaking, emergency awareness can be divided into disaster prevention awareness before the outbreak of emergencies, coping awareness during the outbreak of emergencies and life reconstruction awareness after the outbreak of emergencies. At least a preliminary understanding and considerable attention should be paid to the prevention and response to emergencies. Through festivals, media publicity and other forms of emergency science activities and emergency knowledge training, and gradually cultivate emergency awareness. It becomes a part of people's thinking and guides people's behavior in the face of emergencies.
? 4. Emergency psychology
? Emergency psychology refers to people's subjective reflection on the emergency itself and the damage caused by the emergency. People with strong psychological quality often suffer the least trauma during and after the incident; However, people with weak psychological quality are seriously injured afterwards, and are prone to emergency trauma after emergencies and stress response syndrome of accidents and disasters. Emergency psychological education requires that through a series of emergency education activities, before the outbreak of emergencies, people should be aware of the possible injuries and possible scenes after various emergencies and be prepared to bury their hearts; Enlighten and induce people to gradually accept the facts during the outbreak of emergencies and form a calm and positive attitude; After an emergency, guide people out of harm and complete psychological reconstruction after the disaster. Emergency psychology is gradually formed on the basis of cultivating emergency consciousness, imparting emergency knowledge and training emergency skills, and also includes mental health education for emergency victims.
? Emergency psychology and emergency consciousness refer to people's subjective emergency literacy.
? Emergency awareness focuses on the education of "what is an emergency and how to do it";
? Emergency psychology is more important than the education of "what are the consequences of emergencies and what to do".