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Red Cross first aid knowledge training:
1. The purpose of first aid is to maintain life, prevent the injury from getting worse and promote rehabilitation.
2. In the process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the first examination of spontaneous breathing and circulatory recovery is after 2 minutes or after 5 rescues at 30: 2.
3. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation? ABC？ Refers to: open the airway, artificial respiration, chest compression.
4. Effective indications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: spontaneous heartbeat recovery, spontaneous breathing recovery and consciousness recovery.
5. When chest compressions are performed, the compression and relaxation time are basically the same.
6. Infant first aid: Let the child straddle the rescuer's forearm, with the head lower than the torso, put the arm on the thigh, and pat the child's shoulder area with the root of the other palm for 4 to 6 times.
7. Rescue measures for suspicious internal bleeding: call the emergency number in time; Closely observe the breathing and pulse of the wounded; Guard the wounded, keep the respiratory tract clear, and don't give the wounded water and food.
8. In the process of wound hemostasis, the commonly used hemostasis methods are: finger pressure hemostasis, pressure dressing, tourniquet hemostasis, and padding to stop bleeding.
9. When the tourniquet is used to stop bleeding in the upper arm, the tourniquet should be tied on the upper arm: 1/3.
10. When there is serious active bleeding at the distal end of the lower limb, a tourniquet should be tied at the middle and lower thigh: 1/3.
1 1. Precautions in using bandages include: the bandage should not be too tight or too loose, the fingers (toes) should be exposed, and the blood circulation at the distal end of the injured limb should be checked.
12. It is forbidden to tie it with a tourniquet for too long. Every 1 hour, the tourniquet should be loosened 1 ~ 2 minutes, and records should be made to prevent ischemic necrosis of the distal limb due to too long binding time.
13. When using splint fixation, it should be noted that if it is too tight, it will oppress the affected limb and affect the blood supply, and if it is too loose, it will lose its function, so it is necessary to keep the tightness moderate and the fixing belt can move up and down 1cm.
14. Traumatic bleeding:
A) Small or superficial wounds should be washed with cold boiled water or clean tap water first, but do not remove the coagulated blood clots.
B) general wounds can be solved after being bandaged with hemostatic drugs. When you have a serious cut, such as on your arm, you should take off your watch, bracelet, etc. at once. Then raise your arm to make it higher than your heart, and then directly compress the wound; For example, in the leg, in addition to compressing the wound, it also compresses the artery in the upper thigh. Notify the doctor or send to the nearest hospital, and use tourniquet carefully, because tourniquet will cut off all blood supply to the injured part, which may lead to permanent injury.
C) Do not touch, press or pull out foreign bodies such as glass sheets and knives when they are inserted into the wound. You can squeeze the edges of the wounds on both sides, wrap them with sterile gauze and bandages, and go to the hospital immediately.
D) In case of collision or impact injury, accompanied by subcutaneous bleeding, swelling and pain, the wound can be covered with sterile gauze or clean towel, cold-packed with ice packs for half an hour, and then pressure-packed to relieve the pain and swelling. People who are seriously injured should go to the hospital.
E) If there is bleeding in the wound, cover the wound with a clean towel or sterile gauze, apply pressure 10 ~ 20 minutes to stop bleeding, then apply pressure to stop bleeding, and go to the hospital for treatment as appropriate.
15. Don't reset immediately after visceral prolapse due to abdominal injury: visceral prolapse must be thoroughly disinfected by a doctor before resetting to prevent serious consequences caused by infection.
16. After spraining your ankle, don't continue walking, and don't rub or rotate the injured joint to avoid further aggravating the injury. Cold towels or ice cubes should be immediately applied to the affected area, which is beneficial to detumescence, pain relief and muscle spasm. After 24 hours, it can be changed to hot compress. If internal bleeding is suspected, it is best to use elastic bandage for pressure dressing, but not too tight, so as not to interfere with the blood circulation below the dressing site. If a fracture is suspected, it is best to fix the injured ankle with a splint or a nearby wooden stick and go to the hospital as soon as possible.
17. On-site judgment of fracture: swelling, pain and deformity at the fracture site, and the activity of the injured limb is blocked.
18. The purpose of on-site fracture fixation includes: relieving pain and stopping bleeding, reducing further displacement or dislocation of fracture, reducing further damage to nerves, blood vessels and soft tissues, and facilitating transportation.
19. After the fracture is diagnosed, the injured limb (finger) must be fixed before being sent to the hospital, otherwise the abnormal movement of the broken end will aggravate the injury. According to local conditions, temporary splint fixation can be made with wooden boards, sticks, branches, bamboo poles and magazines. Without the above materials, the upper limb can be fixed on the trunk and the lower limb can be fixed on the contralateral healthy limb.
20. If it is suspected that the injured person has cervical vertebra injury, the injured person should be horizontally lifted to a stretcher, and the head should be fixed by special personnel, and the neck brace should be put on. When there is no neck brace at this moment, sandbags or clothes should be put on both sides of the wounded neck to prevent the head from twisting or buckling from aggravating the cervical spine injury.
First aid measures commonly used by the Red Cross.
Emergency treatment of ankle sprain
1, mild ankle sprain, cold compress should be applied to the affected area first, and after 24 hours, hot compress should be used, bandage the ankle, and raise the foot pad to relieve the symptoms.
Second, the electric shock first aid method
① Quickly cut off the power supply.
(2) When the insulation grid can't be found, the conductor can be picked or cut off.
(3) Immediately lift the person who gets an electric shock to a ventilated place, unbutton the button and belt, and give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or send him to a nearby hospital for emergency treatment if breathing stops.
④ Local burns can be bandaged with saline or vaseline gauze.
Third, the first aid method of arterial bleeding
(1) The arteriole is bleeding, and the wound is not big. Sterile cotton can be applied to the wound, and pressure dressing can generally stop dizziness.
(2) When bleeding continues, it can raise the injured limb, slow down the blood flow and help to stop dizziness.
(3) In case of severe limb bleeding, a tourniquet can be tied at the upper end of the wound, and a towel or cloth should be put on before it is tied, and then it must be relaxed every half hour 1 time, and the total sticking time should not exceed two hours to avoid limb ischemia and necrosis. After initial treatment, they should be sent to hospital immediately.
Fourth, the first-aid methods of children's convulsions
1. When the child is found to have convulsions, it is not appropriate to panic and shake the child, which will aggravate the condition. Don't feed the soup with water, lest it be inhaled into the trachea. You should open the window, unbutton the child's coat and let him breathe freely. Wrap chopsticks in cloth and put them between the child's upper and lower teeth to avoid biting his tongue. Fatigue caused by high fever can be applied to the forehead with a towel dipped in cold water. Record the time and symptoms of convulsions in detail and send them to the hospital for treatment immediately.
Five, the first aid method of being bitten by a dog
After being bitten by a dog, use a cloth belt to tie the wound up and down 5 cm, suck out dirty blood with a breast pump, and then wash the wound with soapy water. Dogs that bite should be isolated, and once they are diagnosed with rabies virus, they should be executed immediately.
6, fracture first aid method
Methods of rescuing fracture patients;
① Hemostasis: Finger pressing, bandaging and tourniquet can be used to stop bleeding.
② Bandage: The open fracture is bandaged with sterile gauze under pressure, and the exposed end cannot be retracted.
③ Fixation: Use old clothes and other soft things to pad the splint, or use wooden sticks and other substitutes to fix the upper and lower joints of the injured limb without splint.
④ Treatment: If conditions permit, it can be sent to hospital for treatment after debridement and pain relief.
Seven, the first aid method of acute lumbar sprain
1, after a sudden lumbar sprain, if the injury is mild, the patient can lie on his back on a thick wooden bed with a cushion under his waist 1 pillow. Cold compress the wound first, and switch to hot compress after 1 ~ 2 days. If the symptoms are not relieved or the injury is serious, they should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.