Reunion island covers an area of 25 12 square kilometers and its coastline is 207 kilometers long. The island is 63 kilometers (39 miles) long and 45 kilometers (28 miles) wide.
The topography of Reunion Island is mostly formed by volcanism, so most of the island is plateau mountains, but there are also narrow plains along the coast. The plateau on the island is northeast-southwest, and there are several high-altitude peaks in the central and western fault blocks. Among them, Neiri Peak, located in the center of the island, is the highest peak on the island, with an altitude of 3069 meters. There are several great basin and a series of small plateaus around these fault blocks. The eastern part of Reunion Island is a modern volcanic activity area, and the Fournais Mountain at its eastern end is 263 1 m above sea level. Since 1925, the crater has erupted several times.
Reunion island is divided into two seasons: winter and summer. May to165438+1October is winter, which is cool and rainy, and February to April of the following year is summer, which is hot and humid.
Coastal tropical rainforest climate, hot and humid all year round; Inland is a mountainous climate, mild and cool.
The average temperature in the hottest month is 26℃, and that in Leng Yue is 20℃. It is cool and dry from May to165438+1October every year, and it is hot and rainy from165438+1October to April of the following year.
Rus, on the island of Reunion, has the largest daily precipitation in the world.
It is divided into 4 districts (no real power) and 24 towns. The four special zones are Saint Denis, S? o Paulo, Saint Pierre and Saint benoit.
In addition to reunion island, the Overseas Department of Reunion also manages five islands: Juan Nova, Europa, Indian Cay, Glorieuses and Tromland. The sovereignty of the first four islands is disputed with Madagascar, and the last island is disputed with Mauritius.
Before reunion island was discovered by Europeans, it was customary to call it DinaMorgabin? Its name is well known to Arabs. After the Portuguese discovered and named the Mascarin Islands, they named it San Apollonia.
15 13, Portuguese Mascarin came to an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, which was later named Mascarin Islands, and reunion island was one of them. 1642, France officially occupied the island and named it bourbon island in 1649. During the French Revolution, Bourbon was renamed Reunion (French for union), symbolizing the union and victory of revolutionary forces.
1663 French immigrants and their slaves brought from Madagascar settled in Bourbon Island. As a stop for French ships travelling to and from the Indian Ocean, the island is controlled by the French East India Company.
1767, King Louis XV of France redeemed the island and established various administrative and judicial institutions. A large number of immigrants and slaves were transported to the island to grow coffee. During the French Revolution, immigrants on the island set up a parliament to support * * * and. After the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, Reunion was once occupied by the British and returned to France in 18 15.
1848 reunion announced the abolition of slavery. /kloc-In the late 20th century, sugarcane replaced coffee as the main cash crop on the island, and the sugar industry rose.
During the First World War, Reunion became the sugar supplier of France, and the economy further developed.
1946, the French government decided to change Niwan into an overseas province of France, which was under the jurisdiction of the governor appointed by France. 1973, Reunion became a large area of France.
The population density on the island is very high. Besides French whites, there are China, Indians and blacks. However, because France prohibits recording the distribution of ethnic groups in the census, there is no specific statistics on the population of each ethnic group. French is the official language, and few people are familiar with English. 94% people believe in Catholicism. The capital is Saint-Denis, located on the northern shore of the island.
The traditional dishes of Reunion Island include rice, beans, meat or fish and peppers. Supplemented with spices, such as me, lemongrass, sour beans, curry and so on. Due to the diverse population, the cuisines are quite diverse. For example, curry is influenced by Indian immigrants, fried noodles are influenced by China immigrants, and cakes made of cassava or corn are caused by African immigrants. Since most of the food in reunion island is imported from France, many dishes are similar to those in France now.
The social welfare system on the island where people live is the same as that in France. There are 5620 medical personnel of all kinds, including doctors 1346, dentists 337, pharmacists 284, nurses 2906 and midwives 176. There are 190 doctors, 48 dentists and 40 pharmacists per 65438+ million residents. The life expectancy of men is 70.2 years and that of women is 78.5 years. The average annual natural growth rate of population is 1.9%. The birth rate is 20‰, the mortality rate is 5.3‰, the infant mortality rate below 1 is 5.7‰, the population below 15 accounts for 29.3% of the total population, the population aged 15-39 accounts for 42.4%, and the population aged 40-59 accounts for 19.2%, 60.
Regional Council
1982 after the promulgation of the French decentralization law, the Regional Council of Reunion became an independent local authority, responsible for determining and implementing the regional budget, formulating the regional economic development plan, and having autonomy in territorial improvement, education and training, and cultural promotion. Forty-five members are directly elected for a term of six years.
Provincial Council
Local authorities have autonomy in transportation, social security, health, junior high school education and other fields. 1982 After the decentralization in March, the chairman of the provincial council replaced the governor (local chairman of Reunion) as the provincial chief executive. There are 48 members, with a term of six years and re-election every three years.
Local president
The governor (also known as the local president) is the chief executive of the province. In reunion island, the local president is equivalent to the head of state and administration, has the power of administrative and parliamentary deliberation, and can organize and convene provincial councils.
judicial authority
There is an appeal court, two main courts, a felony court, four trial courts, two children's courts and two detention centers.
Tourism and hotel industry are the pillar industries of economy.
Sugarcane cultivation occupies two-thirds of arable land and most of the labor force, and also produces corn, herbs, onions, tobacco leaves, cardamom, spices and so on. Fishing can be done along the coast. Sugar production is the main industry, followed by vanilla processing and food. Sugar, molasses, sugar liquor account for more than 80% of the total export value, and the rest are flavors. Food, vegetables, meat and milk are not self-sufficient. Imports are mainly food, machinery, vehicles and petroleum products. Agriculture is mainly sugarcane cultivation and sucrose production, as well as the cultivation of spices such as vanilla and geranium. Low degree of industrialization. Economic development mainly depends on French aid.
Rich in mineral deposits. There are minerals such as cobalt, copper and manganese in the sea area. Forest covers an area of 87,930 hectares, accounting for 35% of the island's area, cultivated land accounts for 17% of the island's area, crop planting area accounts for 3%, grassland and pasture account for 5%, and others account for 40%.
Foreign trade mainly imports raw materials for food processing industry, materials for automobile industry and chemical and pharmaceutical products. The main exports are sugar, rum and lobster. France is the largest trading partner. The export targets are mainly the European Union (67% of which are exported to France), neighboring island countries and some Asian countries. Imports mainly come from EU countries (63% of which are from France), Saudi Arabia and South Africa.
industry
Mainly agricultural and sideline products processing industry (mainly sugar industry), in addition to machinery manufacturing, consumer goods manufacturing and so on.
agriculture
Almost all the food is imported. Agricultural products mainly include other cash crops such as sugarcane, geranium and vanilla, fruits and vegetables, livestock products and meat. There are 63,600 hectares of cultivated land, including 33,200 hectares of sugarcane, accounting for 52.2% of all cultivated land.
With the rapid development of animal husbandry, residents on the island can achieve self-sufficiency in pork. Rich in fishery resources, it is one of the important sources of income and the fourth largest export product after sucrose, rum and essence.
The roads are developed, and there are expressways connecting major cities.
Railway: the total length is 6 14km.
Highway: The total length is 2,784 kilometers, including 345.7 kilometers of national highway, 73 1.5 kilometers of provincial highway and 1602.9 kilometers of other highways. 234,578 vehicles of various types.
Water transport: Cape Calais is the largest seaport on the island and the fifth largest port in France. More than half of the transportation on the island passes through this port.
Air transport: * * There are two airports, among which Saint-Denis Giraud International Airport has weekly flights to France, Kenya and neighboring island countries. The number of air passengers stranded in France ranks 12, and the freight volume ranks fifth.
France implements an education system, with five years in primary school and seven years in secondary school.
Reunion Island is almost all Christians except Muslims and Hindus. Some descendants of slaves still hold "Madagascar ceremony" to pay tribute to their ancestors.
In recent years, more and more people from China have gone to reunions. The most popular ones are Madame Desbassayns Villa in Villair and lamaison Folio in Hell-Bourg. Now, they have become the same museum as Stella Matutina, an ancient sugar processing factory that records the development history of sugar industry from 1 1 century to today, and the modern art museum in Leondieks, even the natural history museum or the Eber Museum.
Sarazzi ice bucket
Residents of Reunion Island love flowers, decorate every villa and building with colorful flowers, and are proud that their gardens are full of rare flowers and herbs. There are too many choices in Edang Garden, Nature Garden, National Botanical Garden, Exotic Garden, Bourbon Garden, Fragrant Garden and Spice Garden.