Its original intention is not utilitarian. It can not only help students with financial difficulties to finish their studies materially, but also help them.
Cultivate their sound personality and social adaptability. This is a good way to combine university education with practice.
1. Social practice, part-time job does not mean work-study program.
First, from the material point of view, the Ministry of Education has further adjusted the fees of colleges and universities this year, and working has undoubtedly become an embarrassment for families.
Effective ways for students to reduce family burden and economic pressure. For students with well-off families, the income from part-time jobs can make them gradually move towards.
Being independent and honoring your parents with the money you earn is a phenomenon worthy of being strongly advocated by the whole society.
Second, from the spiritual point of view, most modern college students grew up in a closed jar, unable to withstand the wind and rain, suffering and being hit.
Part-time jobs can help us better understand and integrate into society, learn to communicate with others in society, learn to face difficulties bravely, and learn how to protect ourselves.
Thirdly, from the perspective of practical ability, the disadvantage of exam-oriented education in China lies in the inability to cultivate practical and innovative talents.
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College students: a special group of society, refers to people who have received university education, as the frontier group of new social technologies and new ideas, and senior professionals trained by the state.
Work-study program: it means working while studying. It is one of the forms of implementing labor education activities in schools. Like teaching activities, scientific and technological activities, cultural and sports activities and public welfare labor, it is a kind of school education activities. Different from part-time job.
We believe that the advantages of college students' work-study programs outweigh the disadvantages, mainly from the following aspects:
First of all, work-study programs can alleviate the economic pressure of some college students; Can learn a wealth of knowledge outside the textbook; It can cultivate college students' adaptability, processing ability, communicative ability and analytical ability. Article 56 of the Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) also clearly states that students in institutions of higher learning can participate in social services and work-study programs in their spare time. I believe that the debater of the other side will not think that the country is carrying out a wrong decision.
Secondly, the origin of work-study program is a means for poor college students to make a living. They make money by working in their spare time.
Its original intention is not utilitarian. It can not only help students with financial difficulties to finish their studies materially, but also help them.
Cultivate their sound personality and social adaptability. This is a good way to combine university education with practice.
Moreover, part-time job does not mean work-study program.
From a material point of view, the Ministry of Education has further adjusted the fees of colleges and universities this year, and working has undoubtedly become an embarrassment for families.
Effective ways for students to reduce family burden and economic pressure. For students with well-off families, the income from part-time jobs can make them gradually move towards.
Being independent and honoring your parents with the money you earn is a phenomenon worthy of being strongly advocated by the whole society.
Mentally speaking, most modern college students grew up in a closed jar, unable to withstand the wind and rain, suffering and being hit.
Part-time jobs can help us better understand and integrate into society, learn to communicate with others in society, learn to face difficulties bravely, and learn how to protect ourselves.
From the perspective of practical ability, the disadvantage of exam-oriented education in China lies in the inability to cultivate practical and innovative talents.
Finally, Mr. Xu Teli said that if we arrange a bright road for young people, they just need to eat and open their mouths, study in class and do nothing, so that we will harm young people and make smart people become fools.
What do college students lack? Ability and skills to communicate with people, understanding and adaptation to society, and flexible use of knowledge. The significance of work-study program is that it can cultivate and develop the abilities that young people lack.
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1. Participants of work-study programs for college students
Most college students who participate in work-study programs are students from relatively poor families. In order to reduce the financial pressure of their families, they consciously look for part-time jobs to make a living, and some students with better families look for part-time jobs in order to increase their social experience and enrich their experience.
In China Youth Studies, No.6, 2002, Zheng Cailian's article "The Present Situation and Prospects of Work-study Program in Colleges and Universities" said: From the perspective of participation, 52% of students are participating in work-study program, among which 53% are freshmen, and both poor students and students with rich families are working-study program. However, among the poor students, the proportion of poor students and medium students is high, up to 64%.
On February 6, 2003, Jiangnan Times, Lin Hong's article "Poor College Students Busy Working in Winter Vacation" said: While most college students are on their way home to reunite with their families by Mercedes-Benz train, some poor college students are still working for the tuition and living expenses for the next semester. According to statistics, there are more than 400 poor college students who work and study in Nanjing Normal University this winter vacation alone. Qi Dunfeng, a practical English major at Nanjing Normal University, comes from rural Xuzhou. Her mother is weak and sick, and the family is supported by her father alone, so the economy is very poor. This winter vacation, Xiao Qi tutors two families every morning and afternoon to help two junior high school students learn English. He earns nearly 100 yuan a day, even on New Year's Day. It is estimated that he can earn about 2000 yuan in a winter vacation. In the past three years, they have been engaged in tutoring, computer sales, social research, restaurant service and so on. Not only did it not affect my studies, but I also used the money I earned to solve my tuition, living expenses and purchase school supplies. More importantly, they honed themselves through social practice and became mature, laying a solid foundation for future social work.
People's Daily, March, 2005 1, Wu's article "Measures to Solve the Difficulties of Students from Poor Families in Colleges and Universities" said: Timely student loans, smooth "green channels" and special work-study programs have dispelled the depression that once locked in the eyebrows of many poor college students, enabling them to feel at ease and learn, and grow up healthily under the great care of the whole society. In recent years, due to various reasons, the number of poor students in colleges and universities in China has greatly increased. At present, among the nearly120,000 college students in China, about 2.4 million are students from poor families, who are facing enormous pressure of tuition and living expenses. The difficulties of poor college students have attracted great attention from the party and the government. In September, 2004, the Notice of General Office of the State Council on Effectively Solving the Difficulties of Students from Poor Families in Colleges and Universities was officially issued. All localities, departments and colleges and universities actively implement policies and take measures to effectively solve the financial difficulties of poor students in colleges and universities. Creating conditions for poor college students to work and study can solve their worries for a long time. During the Spring Festival alone, many enterprises in Guangzhou responded to the "Guangzhou Family" program, helping poor college students to work and study, and providing 500 jobs for poor college students. Since the launch of the program, employers or individuals have provided thousands of aid jobs for poor college students.
2. The purpose and reason of college students' work-study program
In the second issue of Modern Education Science in 2004, Deng Yanping said in his article "Investigation and Research on Work-study Program for College Students": The investigation found that the purpose of today's college students to participate in work-study program is: (1) Some of them are mainly for money (47%), but their motives for money are different. They either want to reduce the family burden because of their financial difficulties, or they want to live a chic life. (2) Some are mainly for cultivating ability, understanding society, increasing life experience, exercising will and experiencing self-reliance, while "money" is secondary (29%). Respondents frankly said: "Work-study program allows us to get in touch with society as soon as possible, broaden our horizons, increase our knowledge and exercise our ability", "If work-study program is only for money, it is meaningless" and "sweat our own sweat and eat our own food". Generally speaking, students think that they can exercise their abilities consciously or unconsciously by participating in work-study programs, but they have different views on which abilities can be exercised. (3) Other uses. Some are to help poor students or sick people, and some people regard it as a good medicine to enrich their after-school life and adjust their "boring" life, and so on. "Earning money", "getting in touch with society at an early date" and "exercising ability" are the main purposes for college students to participate in work-study programs. However, there are also a few college students (about 5%) who work-study programs only for money, and they have misunderstandings about "work-study programs".
The supplement of Journal of Foshan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition) in August, 2000, Volume 18, and Li Bingliang's preliminary research on the phenomenon of college students' part-time jobs, hold that: firstly, the influence of the market economy tide has brought opportunities for college students to take part-time jobs. College students are facing great competitive pressure, and the open market and ideas along the coast provide opportunities for college students to cultivate their independent living ability and social adaptability. Through part-time jobs, they can strengthen their contact with the society, broaden their horizons, exercise their abilities, accumulate experience, and make up for the lack of professional knowledge by enhancing their practical operation ability, so as to prepare for future competition. Second, the arrival of knowledge economy urges college students to take part-time activities actively. Faced with the extensive and rapid growth of knowledge in the field of knowledge, compared with the in-depth study of master's and doctoral majors and students' skills in general vocational schools, college students are actually faced with broader and more professional knowledge, but it is difficult to keep up with the pace of knowledge growth through learning. Compared with the immediate interests of part-time, the hesitation in study tends to prompt students to ignore long-term plans and choose immediate interests, relax their studies and concentrate on part-time activities. Third, the deepening of education reform is to guide college students to take part-time jobs to varying degrees. The trend of educational industrialization is very obvious, but the reform of industrialization is not perfect, which makes the orientation of education tend to economic benefits. The survey shows that the national average undergraduate tuition has reached 2000-2500 yuan/year, accounting for about 25% of the average training cost (excluding infrastructure costs) of ordinary colleges and universities. It greatly exceeds the proportion before the unified payment, which increases the financial burden of students.
China Higher Medical Education (No.2, 2000), Wang Dajian and others' Discussion on Contemporary College Students' Work-study Program holds that under the current situation of reform and opening-up, college students have strongly realized that in order to meet the needs of social development, they must understand the society as soon as possible, go to the society and acquire the knowledge and skills needed to serve the development of commodity economy. In addition, due to the influence of traditional ideas, some college students are afraid of being looked down upon and embarrassed by their classmates by participating in work-study programs, especially working on campus, which leads to the idea of "inferiority". Schools should create conditions for students to make some contributions to society with their own labor during their study, and get a certain income, so as to enhance their self-reliance and reduce the economic burden of their families.
3. Ways and means of work-study program for college students
In the second issue of Modern Education Science in 2004, Deng Yanping said in his article "Investigation and Research on Work-study Program for College Students": The survey shows that there are four main ways for college students to work-study program: (1) The school organizations participate in work-study program after consultation with merchants, which accounts for about 26% of the total work-study program. In public places such as student dormitories and school buildings, there are often posters posted by student associations to introduce people to participate in work-study programs. (2) Obtaining the qualification of "tutor" with the help of the tutor center, accounting for about 2 1% of the number of work-study programs. (3) Get a job through the arrangement of the school work-study center. Work-study centers in colleges and universities are institutions that uniformly organize, manage and coordinate the work-study activities of college students. Arrange a certain number of poor college students to participate in work-study programs and complete their studies every year. However, due to the limited conditions, the number of arrangements is generally limited, and the work-study program services provided by many colleges and universities are still in the initial stage. (4) Direct contact with the employer through job advertisements or introductions by others, and become a "part-time job". With the increase of college students' work-study programs, some people have seen business opportunities, and various intermediaries for college students have emerged. Many individual owners or small businesses are willing to hire ingenious college students, and job advertisements can be seen everywhere on campus. There are not many ways for college students to choose work-study programs. According to the survey, they mainly focus on several types, such as tutor, part-time job and odd job: (1) tutor. Tutoring may be the best for students. (2) part-time. About 60% of the respondents are interested in part-time jobs. There are probably three reasons for choosing a part-time job: First, the job is relatively stable and the pay is relatively high; Second, it can cultivate all kinds of abilities better than other ways; The third is to prepare for future work in the company. (3) odd jobs. Part-time job means handing out leaflets, delivering newspapers, working as a waiter in KFC or McDonald's and so on. For girls, they can also be models. But this kind of part-time job needs to overcome humble ideas.
In the 6th issue of China Youth Studies in 2002, Zheng Cailian's article "The Present Situation and Prospect of Work-study Program in Colleges and Universities" said: Work-study Program is complicated and there are grades. In terms of service types, it involves tutoring, selling newspapers, distributing publicity materials, marketing, advertising planning, design, cleaning of mobile classrooms in schools, canteen cleaners, librarians, toilet cleaners and so on. , the most is tutor, accounting for 66% of the applicants. In addition, 43% are engaged in manual labor.
People's Daily Online June 5438+1October 65438+1October 0 1. In 2004, Li's article "Work-study programs for domestic students quietly turn without tutors" said: June 65438+1October 10 in the morning. This is a reward for him and his classmates all morning. With the coming of winter vacation, many college students like Xiao Wang have started domestic service. Xiao Wang said: "It's getting harder and harder to find a tutor, but it's easier to earn money by doing domestic service. Many of my classmates are going to earn tuition for next semester by domestic service. " Every Spring Festival, the domestic service market is short of manpower, which coincides with the students' winter vacation. At this time in previous years, college students had a holiday, most of them came from anxious to return to return home together, and some students took advantage of this time to start tutoring.
4. College students' work-study income consumption
In the second issue of Modern Education Science in 2004, Deng Yanping's article "Investigation and Research on College Students' Work-study Program" said: If there is income, there must be consumption. Consumption is consistent with the purpose of college students' "part-time job", and there are various consumption methods. Most college students hope to reduce the burden on their parents through their own labor, so they spend most of their income on tuition and living expenses and buying books and materials. Some college students want to buy their own mobile phones, computers, CD players and so on. Some college students regard it as travel expenses, and of course, some try to maintain their high consumption while waiting for holiday travel; There are also many students who use their own money to pay for training expenses such as GRE and TOEFL. Individual students want to donate the income from part-time jobs to poor students or patients. Social entertainment consumption among college students is relatively common, and part of the income from working is used for such consumption.
"Higher Agricultural Education",No. 1997,No. 1, Zhang Jianping and others said in the article "Investigation and analysis of college students' consumption situation": We divide college students' consumption mentality into three types, namely, frugality, satisfaction and comparison. Thrift refers to careful calculation and frugal consumption according to one's family income; Satisfied type refers to maintaining a medium level, not worse than ordinary students, but not compared with other students, able to cope with various activities that they think they must participate in. Comparison type refers to the pursuit of consumer satisfaction, regardless of whether the family can give support, have no money to get home, and are unwilling to be worse than other students. In our survey, 1 18 students think they belong to frugal consumption mentality, accounting for 42. 19%, and 155 students think they belong to satisfied consumption mentality, accounting for 56.6438+04%; Only two students think that they belong to the consumption mentality of comparison, accounting for only 0. 17%.
5. The influence of work-study program on the growth of college students
In the second issue of Modern Educational Science in 2004, Deng Yanping's article "Investigation and Research on College Students' Work-study Program" said: The survey found that society has an influence on college students' work-study program that cannot be underestimated. More and more college students realize that with China's accession to the WTO and the continuous advancement of reform and opening up, the market competition will become more and more fierce. Higher education and diploma are no longer the only passes to find a good job after graduation. Only by improving ability and quality is the magic weapon to win. The survey shows that the students who participate in the work-study program are mature, and most of them can understand the family burden and want to take advantage of the work-study program to embark on the road of self-reliance. At the same time, they can learn about society with a positive attitude, exercise their abilities and prepare for their future achievements. This influence can be summarized as follows: (1) Most students realized the hardship of making money after their own labor and began to understand their parents. At the same time, I began to cherish the hard-earned money and learn to spend money. (2) It has accumulated self-confidence and experience for college students to be truly independent, strengthened their self-reliance consciousness and enhanced their self-reliance ability. (3) In contact with the society, they began to understand the management of employers such as society and companies, which laid the foundation for entering the society in the future, and their interpersonal communication and social activities were also exercised in practice. (4) They try to find their own value in the process of work-study program, so as to find their suitable position in society in the future. (5) Work-study programs also cultivate their time concept and labor discipline, change the laziness and procrastination of some college students in the past, and make their college life tense and full.
Journal of Foshan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition) was supplemented with Volume 18 in August, 2000, and Li Bingliang's preliminary research on the phenomenon of college students' part-time jobs holds that:
1. Positive influence-(1) Part-time jobs for college students have injected new vitality and brought new ideas into our education. In the process of part-time, due to fierce competition, none of the students who participated in part-time jobs dared to ask for "60 minutes long live", and no one dared to have "mixed" ideas and practices. By participating in social work, accepting social norms, learning role responsibilities, receiving education and edification in unconsciously adapting to society, and standardizing one's lifestyle and behavior in consciously adapting. (2) Part-time job is the first time for young students to contact the society and try to find their own new life value coordinates. Whether the direction of self-value is determined or not, search itself is the external expression of value. Most students who do part-time jobs are not just trying to earn extra money. The survey shows that 44.9% of Guangzhou college students take part-time jobs mainly to enrich their experience. (3) Integrate theory with practice, expand students' knowledge and cultivate their abilities through part-time activities. For students' majors, it is in the process of learning and solving problems encountered in practice that their professional knowledge is deepened.
Second, the negative impact-it is true that part-time job is an opportunity for college students to exercise. However, due to the low social experience and limited psychological endurance of college students, it is easy to cause blind obedience, improper competition and unbalanced development. Without correct guidance, it is easy to go to extremes. (1) Young students have weak self-control, often follow the trend and blindly engage in part-time activities. When investigating the purpose of part-time jobs of college students in Guangzhou, it is found that only 6% of college students take part-time jobs as a way to improve their professional level. Many part-time activities have nothing to do with their professional study, lack the guidance of theoretical knowledge, and are easy to hit a wall. Nearly 8% students participate in stock and bond investment. As consumers, students participate in high-risk investments, ranging from lack of funds to lack of experience, which are not suitable for such activities. (2) The enthusiasm for part-time activities often reflects students' strong utilitarian consciousness. After all, part-time job is a short-term behavior, and students themselves lack long-term planning, such as social investigation, product promotion and other activities, which are only a few days' work. In order to work part-time, students have to rotate their jobs frequently. Social work that can better exercise a person's comprehensive social skills, such as being a student union, a youth league Committee, a student union, a class cadre, etc., is often dismissed. They seek direct and effective ways to make money and pursue short-term utility. Some students spend most of their energy, even all of their energy, on part-time jobs. They have to skip classes continuously for heavy business, and their energy can't be concentrated on their studies, resulting in the phenomenon of "doing studies while working part-time", which is obviously not worth the candle. (3) Because students' psychological endurance is not strong, and the fierce competition in society will inevitably bring success and failure. If you don't adjust yourself properly, or indulge in success and be complacent, or be devastated by failure, it will cause psychological imbalance. As soon as college students step into the big "market" of society, they will easily succumb to the consciousness of ordinary citizens. Without some guidance and part-time activities, the competition among students can easily lead to conflicts or even unfair competition, which will make students suffer from social negative factors prematurely, which is not conducive to the normal education and management of colleges and universities, nor to the development of ideological and political work.
6. The significance of work-study program
Journal of Beijing Institute of Machinery Technology, No.2, June 2003, Kevin·Z et al.' Thoughts on the Scientific Management of College Students' Work-study Program' holds that: firstly, to solve the worries of poor students, poor students work-study program at school with little risk, stable work and flexible time, and students have great power to choose independently, which can effectively alleviate economic difficulties, relieve psychological pressure and improve their self-reliance ability. At the same time, they also have the second, to improve students' comprehensive quality and ability. Nowadays, there are many only children among college students, and few people take part in social labor and social practice. With the guidance and help of some teachers in management departments, many students have overcome their own shortcomings, changed themselves and improved their comprehensive quality by participating in various social labor and social practice. Third, improve the service quality of departments through information feedback. Students' working practice in various departments of the school, especially those with strong service, makes the staff realize the shortcomings in their work and further improves the service quality of the departments. Fourth, in order to alleviate the pressure of lack of staff in the department, young people with knowledge and ability are needed to join temporarily and complete some work.
Journal of Chengde Medical College, February 2002,No. 19, My Opinions on Waiting for Work-study Programs, holds that: firstly, work-study programs enable college students to get out of campus and get in touch with society. Work-study program is one of the ties between school and society, and it is an excellent place for college students to integrate theory with practice. Second, work-study programs can enable college students to exercise their communication skills. Third, work-study programs can make college students develop into a semi-self-sufficient economy.
Education Review, No.5, 1997, Huang Zhenghai's work-study program and quality education said: Work-study program constitutes a good educational production environment and is a window for students to get in touch with society and understand life; It is a big classroom to learn skills and cultivate labor concepts; It is an important base for social practice. The transformation from "exam-oriented education" to "quality education" is only a change in educational means and methods, but it will directly affect the major reform of school content, form and training object specifications. Education in 2 1 century will need to provide students with various social practice places and experimental bases. The situation of educational reform and the need of changing educational means force the work-study program to develop at a high speed in the 2 1 century. The transformation from "exam-oriented education" to "quality education" will promote the development of work-study programs and create a new situation of work-study programs. The history of work-study program will turn a new page.
7. Factors affecting college students' work-study programs
In the second issue of Modern Educational Science in 2004, Deng Yanping said in his article "Investigation and Research on Work-study Program for College Students": The survey shows that most students express their willingness to use their four-year college work-study program to reduce their family burden, get familiar with the society and lay a good foundation for entering the society in the future. However, due to various reasons, only a few college students (about 20%) have participated in or are participating in work-study programs. The main reasons are as follows: (1) I am afraid that one thing will affect my studies. The survey shows that most students who have not participated in the work-study program think that their study tasks are heavy now, and they are worried that participating in the work-study program will affect their study; Some students who have participated in work-study programs can handle this relationship well, while others cannot. We visited some college students who are working part-time, and most of them have no obvious academic achievements after participating in the work-study program.
Work-study program is good, but in practice, we should weigh the advantages and disadvantages and grasp ourselves well. Avoid treating yourself.
And bring unnecessary trouble to relatives.
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The topic of the second debate: Does the other debater have any work experience? If so, what is the reason for your job? If not, do you want to gain social experience and achieve economic independence through work?
Under the same conditions, companies usually give priority to students with part-time work experience. What do other debaters think of this problem?
When we work to earn a living after graduation, what makes the other debater think that it is safer for "older children" who are not supervised by school teachers and have insufficient social experience to go out to work than college students?
Three arguments: a person with worm teeth eats apples and causes toothache. Who has worm teeth or apples?
Individual college students lack safety awareness and suffer while working. Who blames college students for their lack of safety awareness?
Ask your opponent to give an example of adverse consequences caused by unfavorable work.
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This is an old argument. Here are some materials I am looking for.
Basically, everyone knows what you say, and you probably won't guess what the other person says wrong, so you should think more creatively.
The beauty of debate lies in the collision of ideas when you attack and argue. Just get the materials ready, and then you will be confident.