(1) Unsafe state of machinery, materials or environment
1. Protection, safety, signal and other devices are lacking or defective.
1. 1 unprotected
1. 1. 1 without protective cover
1. 1.2 has no safety device.
1. 1.3 No alarm device.
1. 1.4 No safety sign.
1. 1.5 No guardrail or guardrail damage.
1. 1.6 (electrical) is not grounded.
1. 1.7 Poor insulation.
1. 1.8 The local ventilator has no silencing system and is noisy.
1. 1.9 dangerous house operation
1. 1. 10 has no car stopper or obstacle to stop the "sports car".
1. 1. 1 others
1.2 Improper protection
1.2. 1 The protective cover is not in place.
1.2.2 Improper adjustment of protection device
1.2.3 Improper tunnel excavation and excavation support.
1.2.4 improper explosion-proof device
1.2.5 The safety distance for operation is not enough.
1.2.6 blasting operation covers all defects.
1.2.7 live parts of electrical devices * * *
1.2.8 others
2. Equipment, facilities, tools and accessories are defective.
2. 1 The design is improper and the structure does not meet the safety requirements.
2. 1. 1 The access door blocks the line of sight.
2. 1.2 The braking device is defective.
2. 1.3 The safety distance is not enough.
2. 1.4 The blocking net is defective.
2. 1.5 The workpiece has sharp burrs and burrs.
2. 1.6 There is a sharp shuttle on the facility.
2. 1.7 others
2.2 Insufficient strength
2.2. 1 Insufficient mechanical strength.
Insufficient insulation strength
2.2.3 The rope for lifting heavy objects does not meet the safety requirements.
other
2.3 The equipment runs under abnormal conditions.
2.3. 1 Equipment running with disease
Overload operation
other
2.4 Poor maintenance and adjustment
2.4. 1 The equipment is in disrepair.
2.4.2 The ground is uneven
2.4.3 Improper maintenance and equipment failure
other
3. Personal protective equipment, protective clothing and gloves
3. 1 No personal protective equipment and appliances.
3.2 The protective articles and appliances used do not meet the safety requirements.
4. The production (construction) site environment is harsh.
4. 1 The lighting is not good.
4. 1. 1 Insufficient illumination.
4. 1.2 There is smoke and dust on the job site, and things are unclear.
4. 1.3 The light is too strong
4.2 Poor ventilation
4.2. 1 No ventilation
4.2.2 The ventilation system is inefficient.
Airflow short circuit
4.2.4 Shooting operation when the power is cut off and the wind stops.
other
4.3 Narrow workplace
4.4 The job site is messy
4.4. 1 Tools, products and materials are not piled safely.
4.4.2 During the operation, the "safe passage" was not opened.
other
4.5 The traffic line configuration is unsafe.
4.6 Unsafe design or configuration in operation process
4.7 ground slip
4.7. 1 There is oil or other liquid on the ground.
Snow and ice cover
4.7.3 There are other slippery objects on the ground.
4.8 The storage method is unsafe
4.9 Improper ambient temperature and humidity
(B) people's unsafe behavior
1. Operation error, ignoring safety and warning.
1. 1 start, shut down and move the machine without permission.
1.2 There is no signal when the machine is started or shut down.
1.3 switch is not locked, resulting in unexpected rotation, power supply or leakage.
1.4 Forgot to turn off the equipment
1.5 Ignore warning signs and warning signals
1.6 Operation error (refers to the operation of buttons, valves, handles, etc. )
1.7 run operation
1.8 feed or feed speed is too fast.
1.9 Mechanical overspeed operation
1. 10 driving a motor vehicle illegally.
1. 1 1 drunk operation
1. 12 mixed passenger and cargo.
1. 13 when the punch is working, put your hand into the stamping die.
1. 14 The workpiece is not fastened firmly.
1. 15 Blow iron filings with compressed air.
1. 16 others
2. Safety device failure.
2. 1 The safety device was removed.
2.2 The safety device is blocked and has lost its function.
2.3 The adjustment error causes the safety device to fail.
2.4 Others
3. Use unsafe equipment
3. 1 Temporary use of unstable facilities
3.2 Use equipment without safety devices
3.2 Others
4. Hand instead of tool operation
4. 1 Replace hand tools with hands.
4.2 Remove chips by hand
4.3 No fixture processing, holding the workpiece.
5. Articles (finished products, semi-finished products, materials, tools, chips and production supplies, etc.). ) improper storage.
6......& gt& gt
Question 2: What caused the safety accident? What are the aspects? The main causes of production safety accidents are: unsafe behavior of people, unsafe state of things, environmental reasons and management defects.
1. The unsafe behavior of people (operators, managers and other related personnel) is an important reason for the accident. Mainly includes:
① Operating without permission, ignoring safety and warning;
② Adventure operation or high-speed operation;
(3) artificially disabling the safety device;
(4) Using unsafe equipment, using hands instead of tools for operation or illegal operation;
⑤ Loading, stacking and combination of unsafe items;
⑥ Take unsafe working posture or direction;
⑦ Working on dangerous operating equipment or mobile equipment; Don't stop, work and repair;
Distraction, frolicking, intimidation, etc.
2. The cause of the incident. The so-called things include raw materials, fuel, power, equipment, tools, finished products, semi-finished products and so on. The unsafe state of things has the following kinds:
(1) the equipment and device structure is poor, the material strength is insufficient, and the parts are worn and aged;
(2) There are dangerous and harmful substances;
③ The workplace area is small or has other defects;
(4) the safety protection device fails;
⑤ Lack of protective equipment and defective clothing or protective equipment;
⑥ The stacking and arrangement of materials are defective;
⑦ The process is unreasonable and the operation method is unsafe.
The unsafe state of things is the material basis of accidents. Without the unsafe state of things, it is impossible to have an accident. The unsafe state of things constitutes a hidden danger and danger source in production. When it meets certain conditions, it will turn into an accident.
3. Environmental reasons. Unsafe environment is the material basis of accidents. It is the direct cause of the accident and usually refers to:
① Abnormal natural environment, that is, adverse changes in rocks, geology, hydrology and meteorology;
(2) The production environment is harsh, that is, defects in light, temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, noise, vibration, air quality and color.
The unsafe behavior of the above people, the unsafe state of things and the bad state of the environment are the direct causes of the accident.
4. The defects of management mainly include:
(1) technical defects. Refers to the defects in the design, material selection, installation, layout, maintenance and repair of industrial buildings, structures, machinery and equipment, and instruments, or problems in technological processes and operation methods;
② Unreasonable labor organization;
③ Lack of inspection and guidance for field work, or mistakes in inspection and guidance;
(4) There are no safety operation procedures or imperfections, the expenses of safety measures are misappropriated, accident prevention measures are not seriously implemented, and potential safety hazards are not rectified;
⑤ Education and training are not enough, the staff do not know the knowledge or experience of operation technology and lack safety knowledge;
⑥ Improper selection and use of personnel, physical or physiological defects, such as diseases, poor hearing and eyesight, etc.
The defect in management is the indirect cause of the accident and the condition for the existence of the direct cause of the accident.
Question 3: What are the four basic factors that cause accidents in production safety? 1, people's unsafe behavior
2. Unsafe state of things
3. Unsafe environmental conditions
4. Management defects
Question 4: How to judge the direct cause of production safety accidents;
All accidents caused by unsafe conditions of things and unsafe behaviors of people are the direct causes of accidents.
For unsafe conditions and unsafe behaviors, see Classification Standard for Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees (GB 644 1).
Question 5: Explain the causes of production safety accidents. Due to the interaction of many factors, the main causes of production safety accidents are: unsafe behavior of people, unsafe state of things, environmental reasons and management defects. 1. The unsafe behavior of people (operators, managers and other related personnel) is an important reason for the accident. Mainly includes: ① unauthorized operation, ignoring safety and warning; ② Adventure operation or high-speed operation; (3) artificially disabling the safety device; (4) Using unsafe equipment, using hands instead of tools for operation or illegal operation; ⑤ Loading, stacking and combination of unsafe items; ⑥ Take unsafe working posture or direction; ⑦ Working on dangerous operating equipment or mobile equipment; Don't stop, work and repair; Distraction, frolicking, intimidation, etc. 2. The cause of the incident. The so-called things include raw materials, fuel, power, equipment, tools, finished products, semi-finished products and so on. There are the following unsafe conditions: ① the structure of equipment and devices is poor, the strength of materials is not enough, and the parts are worn and aged; (2) There are dangerous and harmful substances; ③ The workplace area is small or has other defects; (4) the safety protection device fails; ⑤ Lack of protective equipment and defective clothing or protective equipment; ⑥ The stacking and arrangement of materials are defective; ⑦ The process is unreasonable and the operation method is unsafe. The unsafe state of things is the material basis of accidents. Without the unsafe state of things, it is impossible to have an accident. The unsafe state of things constitutes a hidden danger and danger source in production. When it meets certain conditions, it will turn into an accident. 3. Environmental reasons. Unsafe environment is the material basis of accidents. It is the direct cause of the accident, which usually refers to: ① the abnormality of the natural environment, that is, the bad variation of rocks, geology, hydrology and meteorology; (2) The production environment is harsh, that is, defects in light, temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, noise, vibration, air quality and color. The unsafe behavior of the above people, the unsafe state of things and the bad state of the environment are the direct causes of the accident. 4. Management defects mainly include: ① technical defects. Refers to the defects in the design, material selection, installation, layout, maintenance and repair of industrial buildings, structures, machinery and equipment, and instruments, or problems in technological processes and operation methods; ② Unreasonable labor organization; ③ Lack of inspection and guidance for field work, or mistakes in inspection and guidance; (4) There are no safety operation procedures or imperfections, the expenses of safety measures are misappropriated, accident prevention measures are not seriously implemented, and potential safety hazards are not rectified; ⑤ Education and training are not enough, the staff do not know the knowledge or experience of operation technology and lack safety knowledge; ⑥ Improper selection and use of personnel, physical or physiological defects, such as diseases, poor hearing and eyesight, etc. The defect in management is the indirect cause of the accident and the condition for the existence of the direct cause of the accident.
Question 6: What are the main causes of construction safety accidents? First, the construction unit or leader subjectively pays insufficient attention to or ignores the great significance and serious consequences of safe production.
Second, objectively violate relevant laws and regulations, and conduct illegal business in violation of regulations.
Question 7: It is hard to say the proportion of human factors in production safety accidents, but it is certain that human factors account for the vast proportion in production safety accidents.
For example:
For example, the leader of a chemical plant refused to listen to the workers' dissuasion and forced an atmospheric ammonium bicarbonate crystallizer to be used at seven pressures. When pressure is applied, the flange leaks and the top cover is deformed and bulged, so the top cover is forcibly welded to death and reinforced with a channel steel. Workers dare not operate, and the foreman and a vice squad leader drive the car themselves. As a result, the two men died in the explosion. (Source: Boan. com)
Question 8: How to write the safety accident? Generally includes four aspects:
First, after the accident
Time and place of the accident, casualties, economic losses, etc. The general situation before the accident, the process of the accident and the situation after the accident, with pictures of the scene.
Second, the cause analysis of the accident
Direct causes (unsafe state of machinery, materials or environment, unsafe behavior of people, etc.). ), indirect reasons (technical and design defects, insufficient safety education and training, unreasonable labor organization, inadequate inspection or guidance, lack of safety operation procedures, inadequate accident prevention measures, ineffective rectification of hidden dangers, etc. ).
Third, the accident responsibility division and handling
Direct responsibility, indirect responsibility and accident handling (adhere to the principle of "four pass")
Four, the accident lessons and corrective measures
The following aspects should be considered: safety production laws, regulations and technical standards, safety management system, safety technical preventive measures and implementation, safety publicity, education and training, safety production law enforcement inspection, safety production responsibility system implementation, bureaucracy and corruption, three simultaneities in engineering construction, accident emergency plan, etc.
Question 9: Psychological analysis of accidents in production safety was once seen on a construction site. An employee's safety helmet was broken, and it was directly replaced by a straw hat. Everyone around you just laughed, but no one stood up and said it was so dangerous. In fact, there are many such cases. Bo 'an Net Safety Production Knowledge Cloud reminds everyone that in the face of piecemeal, trouble-free and irregular hidden dangers, more people should stand up, stop and say no, and rectify emergency measures!
Question 10: What is the basis for the division of accidents of production safety responsibility into direct responsibility, main responsibility and leadership responsibility? The basis of accident liability division is based on the analysis of accident causes. In other words, when we know the cause of the accident, we can find the person who caused the accident according to the cause, and this person (including relevant personnel) is the person responsible for the accident.
According to the Rules for the Investigation and Analysis of Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees (GB 6442-86), the direct causes are the following situations: First, the unsafe state of machinery, materials or environment; The second is people's unsafe behavior. Indirect causes are as follows: 1, defects in process and design-problems in design, construction and material use such as industrial components, buildings, machinery and equipment, instruments and meters, process flow, operation methods, maintenance and inspection. ; 2, education and training is not enough, without training, lack or do not understand the technical knowledge of safe operation; 3. Unreasonable labor organization; 4, the lack of inspection or guidance errors on site work; 5, there is no safety operation procedures or imperfect; 6, no or not seriously implement accident prevention measures; The rectification of hidden dangers of accidents is not in place; 7. others.
The basis of accident responsibility analysis is: according to the facts confirmed by accident investigation, through the analysis of direct and indirect causes, the direct responsible person and the leader responsible person in the accident are determined; Among the leaders who are directly responsible and responsible, the main responsible person is determined according to their role in the accident.
Under normal circumstances, where an accident is caused by "unsafe behavior of people", the implementer of this "unsafe behavior" is the person directly responsible and bears direct responsibility; The person directly responsible for the accident caused by the "unsafe state of machinery, materials or environment" is the person who caused the "unsafe state"; The accidents caused by the "indirect causes" listed above shall be investigated for leadership responsibility.
In many cases, the person directly responsible may not necessarily bear the main responsibility. For example, a construction site meets a person's shoulder on the construction site, carrying a nearly 3-meter-long steel bar, touching the overhead cable on the construction site and breaking it, causing another worker on the construction site to get an electric shock. The direct responsible person of this accident is the worker who carried the steel bars, but the main responsible person should be the person who set up the overhead line (violating the height requirements of overhead cables). At the same time, relevant leaders and personnel obviously have to bear the responsibility of insufficient education inspection and chaotic management.
In addition, the State Council's Decision on Further Strengthening Work Safety (Guo Fa [2004] No.2) also requires that all kinds of accidents should be effectively investigated and dealt with, and the principle of "four don't let go" should be adhered to. If the cause of the accident has not been identified, the responsible personnel have not been dealt with, the rectification measures have not been implemented, and the relevant personnel have not been educated, not only the responsibility of the person directly responsible for the accident should be investigated, but also the leadership responsibility of the responsible person concerned should be investigated. The "simultaneous" investigation of leadership responsibilities mentioned here includes the main person in charge of the unit and the main leaders of the local government.
Should I be more clear? There are other issues that can be further discussed.