front end
Web applications are classified as distributed applications, which are generally client-server structures, so we have some code running on the client and others on the server. Those applications of the client are the front end, which usually refers to our browser. The most commonly used technology for front-end development is HTML+CSS+JavaScript. Advanced front-end developers usually use a combination of these technologies to develop the front-end of applications. Another common front-end technology is to use Photoshop to design and cooperate with other technologies to complete the production of web pages.
back end
Back-end developers write code that runs on the server. Generally speaking, this part of the work needs to deal with databases, such as reading and writing data, reading and writing files, and realizing business logic. Sometimes, business logic is stored in the client, and then the data in the database is provided by the background in the form of Web services. Backend developers generally need to master a Web programming language and a database management system.
You can master both front-end and back-end technologies, but most Web developers still have certain preferences and even learn only one aspect. Although there is a difference between the front end and the back end, there is no specific task for them. Sometimes the front end only completes the display of data, and other major work is done at the back end. But sometimes, the back end only provides data, and all calculations and specific functions are completed in the front end. The allocation of front-end and back-end work is usually determined by the design and architecture of the project.
programming language
At first, we must distinguish between front-end development and back-end development. The following are introduced separately. Front-end Web applications are classified as distributed applications, which are generally client-server structures, so we have some code running on the client side and the other code running on the server side. Those applications of the client are the front end, which usually refers to our browser. The most commonly used technology for front-end development is HTML+CSS+JavaScript. Advanced front-end developers usually use a combination of these technologies to develop the front-end of applications. Another common front-end technology is to use Photoshop to design and cooperate with other technologies to complete the production of web pages.
In fact, there is no clear list. The above are just languages that developers usually think of and use. So how should we choose? Your choice should be based on the following aspects: job market (job opportunities), hosting service, available learning resources, available learning time, surrounding development environment, etc.
If you really want to engage in the development industry and find a job in web development, the most important choice factor is the job market (job opportunities). You should analyze the industry situation and choose a programming language to learn. Another important factor is hosting services, such as PHP hosting is much cheaper than Java hosting. And if you want to develop enterprise applications, Java EE may be a good choice. But if you want to put your application online, Java EE is much more expensive than other languages.
With the popularity of Node.js, JavaScript has become popular in back-end development, but it is still a new and immature technology, and beginners are not recommended to learn and use Web development.
In my opinion, PHP has the simplest learning curve, cheap hosting service, abundant learning resources (PHP 100 is a good choice) and relatively simple development environment, so I recommend junior Web developers to learn to use PHP. Of course, ASP.NET is also a good choice. Microsoft provides many ASP. NET related learning resources and free development tools. If you like the Microsoft environment, you should consider ASP.NET.