Last name can be [ke, pronounced kè(?ㄜˋ), not kě (ㄜˇ)].
I. Origin of surname:
The first origin: it originated from the surname Jiang, and it came from the Qing Dynasty after Qi Huangong's father's celebration in the Spring and Autumn Period. Belong to asylum, change your surname.
According to the history book Yuan He Xing Bian, "After celebrating his father, Qi Huangong sealed his birthday and went to Wu to atone. At the end of the Han Dynasty, he moved to Yin Ji. After the Han Dynasty, the ceremony was ordered by you Yin, and the great-grandson avoided the taboo of Emperor An's father before changing to He's. " It is recorded in the history book "Four Outlooks on Genealogy": "The son of Qi Huangong, the son of the son, celebrates his father without loss."
Jiang Qingke, also known as Gongsun Qingke, was convicted by Qi, fled to Jin, was rejected by Ji Chonger, and then went to Wu.
In the twenty-eighth year of Lu Xigong (632 BC), Duke Zhao of Qi joined forces with Chu in Chengpu (now Juancheng, Shandong Province), and the monarchs of Song, Lu, Cai, Zheng, Wei and Ju formed an alliance in Jiantu (now Yuanyang and Wuling, Henan Province). At that time, among the descendants of Gongsun Qingke, some changed their surnames to Ke, in order to avoid the difficulty of pre-cutting.
The second origin: from the Xianbei nationality, from the clan tribe of the ancient Xianbei nationality in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, belonging to the sinicization and surname change.
According to the historical record "A Record of Guan Family in Shu Wei", "Afgan, Kedigan and Kediyan in Xianbei were changed to Kizi."
(1) Murong Department of Xianbei nationality can be called Xiongnu, also known as Zhu Xiongnu, Hungry Candle Xiongnu and Hungry Candle Xiongnu. Later, it was changed to Zhu's, and another one with the surname of "Ke" was called Ke.
② The bald part of Xianbei nationality can be called Keda's, also called Keda's. Later, the Han surname was changed to Keda's and Daga's.
(3) The extension of Xianbei nationality can be called Yan or Shan, and later the Han surname was changed to Yan and Shan, and some people with the surname "Ke" were called Ke.
(4) In foreign accounts, the surnames of Xianbei people can be Na's and Ke's. Later, the Han surname was changed to Na's and Ping's, and some people took "Ke" as their surname, which was called Ke's. The foreign family name, which belongs to the "black family name", has a humble position and few officials, so it is not recorded in Shu Wei Guanshi Zhi, but it is recorded in other official books of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The third origin: from Manchu, from the Nuzhen tribe in the Jin Dynasty, belonging to the clan name changed from Chinese to surname.
According to the historical record "Records of the Golden History and Hundred Officials", "Nake Department sealed Longxi County, and later changed the Han surname to Ke's."
In the Jin Dynasty, the Nake tribe and 98 other surnames were collectively called "the surname of Bai". Although it is not a royal surname, it still belongs to one of the aristocratic surnames, and most of them are top generals, belonging to the high-paying class in the Jin Dynasty.
At the end of Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, some Nake tribes changed their surnames to Han.
The fourth origin: originated from the Mongols, originated from the Bakqinna clan in ancient Mongolia, and belongs to the clan name of the Han dynasty.
Barker Sinar family, also known as Barker Sinar family, is a descendant of Genghis Khan and lives in Zasak area of Harqin Banner in Dongmeng area (now Harqin Left-wing Mongolian Autonomous County in Liaoning Province).
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Bako Qinnaer family conquered Dali with Kublai Khan, and then besieged the Duke of Zhou (now Chongqing) for more than ten years. Some of his descendants settled in Bashu area and changed their surname to Ke.
Cynar, who lives in Zasak, Harqin Banner, eastern Mongolia, has a Chinese name of Shi and Wu.
In recent years, through the party's ethnic policy, Kexing has enjoyed various special preferential treatments: the support of the Religious Affairs Bureau, interest-free payment, discount payment, free schooling for students, 20 points of examination and care, one more child for family planning, and tax exemption for industry and commerce.
Two. Migration distribution:
Most clan members are located in hua county, Xinxiang and Huojia counties of Henan Province, Anping county of Hengshui City of Hebei Province, Xishui county of Hubei Province, Shanxi county, Keguan village of Yuxi City of Yunnan Province, Haidong village of Tonghai County of Sichuan Province, Shanghai City and Chongqing City.
Three. County outlook:
Longxi County: Jiazi (279 BC) was named after being located in the west of Longshan in the twenty-eighth year of Xianggong in Zhao Haoqi, the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. At that time, it was located in Didao (now Lintao, Gansu). At that time, it was located in the middle reaches of Taohe River to the east of dongxiang county, the upper reaches of Weihe River to the west of Wushan, the upper reaches of Xihanshui River to the north of Lixian County and the eastern part of Tianshan City, including Lanzhou City, Lintao County, Changgong County and Qin Zhou City in Gansu Province. During the Western Han Dynasty, its jurisdiction was in the middle reaches of Taohe River east of dongxiang county, the upper reaches of Weihe River west of Wushan, the upper reaches of the Western Han Dynasty north of Lixian and the eastern part of Tianshan City. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei moved to Wu Xiang (now Longxi, Gansu). During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the jurisdiction was in Longxi County, Gansu Province.
Duke Zhou: Also known as Bajun, Jiangzhou, Chuzhou and Yuzhou, namely Chongqing. At the end of the Paleolithic period, that is, 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, people lived in Chongqing. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in BC 1 1 century, Ba people established the Ba State with Chongqing as its capital. After Qin destroyed Ba, the world was divided into 36 counties, and Ba County was one of them. In its heyday, the territory of Pakistan took Chongqing as its administrative center, and governed East Sichuan, South Shaanxi, West Hubei, Northwest Hunan and North Guizhou. Throughout the dynasties since Qin and Han dynasties, this area was a unified administrative jurisdiction for most of the time, and its administrative center was located in former Chongqing. Chongqing was called Jiangzhou in ancient times, and later called Baxian, Chuzhou, Yuzhou and Duke of Zhou. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Ba County was changed to Chuzhou. In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi changed Chuzhou to Yuzhou (the 572-kilometer Chongqing section of the Yangtze River from Jiangjin to Wushan, including Jialing River, Wujiang River, Qijiang River, Daning River and Fujiang River), and Chongqing was called "Chongqing" for short. In AD 1 189, it was first named King Gong, then acceded to the throne, boasting that it was a "double celebration" and was promoted to Chongqing, hence the name Chongqing, which has been more than 800 years. 189 1 year, Chongqing became the earliest inland trading port in China. 1929 Chongqing was formally established. 1937 to 1946, the Japanese invaders launched a war of aggression against China, and the National Government moved to Chongqing. Chongqing became the capital of the Republic of China during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. It was the highest headquarters of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the anti-fascist war at that time and the political, economic and cultural center of China's rear area, so Chongqing was also called "the land of the three capitals". After the National Government returned to Nanjing, Chongqing remained a municipality directly under the Central Government. In the early days of the founding of New China, Chongqing, as the residence of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee and the Southwest Military and Political Committee, was the political, economic and cultural center and municipality directly under the Central Government of Southwest China. 1954, Southwest China was revoked and changed to a municipality under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province. 1983 took the lead in becoming a pilot city for comprehensive reform of the national economic system, implementing separate plans and giving provincial economic management authority. 1992 has become an open city along the river. 1September, 1996, the central government approved Chongqing to take charge of Wanxian City, Fuling City and Qianjiang District. 1997 March 14 Chongqing officially became the fourth municipality directly under the central government of China after being examined and approved by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress.
Four. Historical celebrities:
Ke Zhongzheng: (Date of birth and death to be tested), a famous remonstrator in Tang Dynasty.
Ke Mao: (year of birth and death to be tested), a famous minister in Song Dynasty.
Shaoxing literati in song dynasty.
Ke Yingpei: (year of birth and death to be tested), from Guangyuan, Sichuan. Famous Shanghai Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, painter.
Ke Hu Axiang: born in Cangxi, Sichuan.
Minister of collective work quality department of China Railway Construction Corporation.
Ke Xiaoyu: (A.D. 1942 ~ present), born in Ya 'an, Sichuan.
Director of Electric Metallurgical Plant in Ya 'an City, Sichuan Province, Vice President of Ya 'an Federation of Industry and Commerce (City Chamber of Commerce), member of the 8th and 9th CPPCC Committee in Ya 'an City. He has participated in Beijing township enterprise management training class, Chengdu enterprise management seminar and provincial institute of socialism advanced class.
1993, he boldly contracted the Duiyan Power Plant, which was on the verge of bankruptcy due to poor management and serious losses. In order to reverse the loss situation of the electric smelting plant, he started with strengthening the internal management of the enterprise, paid close attention to product quality, reduced consumption and increased efficiency, and at the same time strengthened product sales and opened up markets. After a year of hard work, the factory not only turned losses into profits, but also earned more than one million yuan. 1994 acquired the ownership of the electric smelting plant at the price of1600,000 yuan. Through rolling development, in just a few years, boilers No.2, No.3 and No.4 have sprung up one after another, and over the past five years, they have paid more than 3 million yuan in state taxes.
When he got rich, he never forgot the country and the masses. 1995 cooperated with Kangding county and Tianquan county, respectively, and invested more than two million yuan to provide technology and train talents, and helped the two counties to develop resources and build ferroalloy factories, which solved more than 100 jobs for the two places. The annual output value of the two factories is * * *18 million yuan, and the annual tax payment is 900,000 yuan, which has made outstanding contributions to the local economic development and the construction of two civilizations. Every year, he donated money to the central schools and kindergartens in Yanzhan, giving material help to improve the teaching conditions and promoting the development of Yanzhan's teaching cause and the smooth completion of the "Nine-Year Plan". 1996 He donated 2,000 yuan to Wuyun Village, Duoying Town; Every disaster relief, he always takes the initiative to donate money and materials to solve the urgent needs of the people in the disaster areas. As long as the hometown folks are in trouble, he always helps them enthusiastically and generously.
1994 was awarded the title of excellent party member by Ya 'an Municipal Committee, and 1997 was awarded the title of provincial-level glorious entrepreneur by the United Front Work Department of the Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce (Provincial Chamber of Commerce) and the Provincial Glorious Cause Promotion Committee.
Ke Zhijiang: (year of birth and death to be tested), from Langfang, Hebei. Famous local civil servants.
Liang Jian, former deputy director of Langfang City, is now the deputy director of Langfang Housing Management Bureau and the director of Langfang Accelerated housing construction plan Office.
It can be: (year of birth and death to be tested), Harbin people, Shenyang people. Famous local entrepreneurs.
General manager of Shenyang Weike Technology Development Co., Ltd., engaged in product development and technical services.
Ke: (AD 1967 to present), born in Changji, Xinjiang. Famous private attending physician, dean.
Graduated from the Medical Department of Southern Anhui Medical College, engaged in medical work for 20 years, and served as the president of a hospital for nearly 10 years.
I have come into contact with Yi-ology, that is, books with strong interest and studied the theory and application of the whole body. In the process of studying, I realized that Yi Dao is vast, including astronomy, geography, traditional Chinese medicine, calendar, qigong and so on. Yi-ology and medicine have the same root. In the research, it is of great benefit to deepen the understanding of Yi-ology and medicine by organically combining Zhouyi with traditional Chinese medicine.
In 2000, he founded the private changji city Yimin Hospital and served as the director. 1984, I learned hypnosis from a famous folk teacher. For more than 20 years, he has studied under domestic hypnosis experts such as Stanley Ho, Ben, Xu Minghong, Fang Hua and Ma. He has obtained his true biography. His hypnosis is becoming more and more mature, collecting the essence of various factions and forming its own system. Hypnotherapy for patients began in the early 1990s and won the trust of many visitors.
National proposal of descendants of Kirkhner:
Proposal of common relatives of China descendants.
Yunnan Tonghai Keshi
My surname family has gone through ups and downs for hundreds of years, and stands tall in China with a rare surname. Today, children and grandchildren are all over the world, but their hearts are not broken, and the roots of finding relatives are not broken. Thanks to social progress, our generation has worked hard! The tide of seeking roots and uniting relatives has risen, and Ke's descendants are all excited!
Our descendants from Tonghai, Yunnan, moved to Nanjing in the early Ming Dynasty, settled here and built temples. They have been in business for hundreds of years, and their descendants have multiplied. Today's Ding is it. But now I don't know the names and locations of our ancestors. During the ten-year turmoil, many materials such as ancestral tablets and inscriptions in the temple were destroyed, and the genealogy did not exist, which caused great losses to the family. In the 1980s, we sent people out of the province to find their roots, but without success. We only know that our ancestors were Mongolians, so the matter of finding relatives has been put on hold for the time being. Since we moved to the border for hundreds of years, we only know that there are very few people with China's surname. There are families in Nanjing and Henan, but we don't know that there are families in other places. Due to the development of various aspects in recent years, we also learned that there are descendants of me in many places, and our family is very excited! We are not alone! We are eager to find our roots! This is also a fine tradition of our Chinese nation. We miss our ancestors, know the roots and know the bottom, and never forget them!
Today's motherland, due to the reform and opening up and social and economic development, objectively, many unique qualities of our nation have not been discovered by our people. The extreme consciousness of money supremacy is eroding people's hearts, and many social problems have emerged. What should we do with them? At present, while strengthening personal cultivation, it is the general trend to use the tide of family ties to unify the family. We should learn the essence of ancient family traditions, establish a good family, rebuild the traditional culture of our own family, and revive family morality to coordinate the relationship between people, especially the relationship between relatives; Awaken our indifferent hearts; Promoting the development of interpersonal relationship and solving some social problems is also an advantage that families can play, which also embodies the national characteristics of the Chinese nation and the distinctive characteristics of Confucian culture, and is also a concrete embodiment of our rule of virtue. Confucius said: rule the country by the family! So it is, and this is a step we must take, so we should unify the Kirkhner family in China.
Some family members may ask how to unify the family. How to build it? It's hard! Our small population is a great advantage. In China, it will not exceed 10,000, and there are concentrated settlements in the north and south. In addition, technology is developed now, and communication is very convenient. These are all beneficial to us, and they are also advantages that other big families can't fully possess. There are too many big families, which are basically scattered all over the country, so it is difficult to unify family ties. Of course, in the process of reunification, we will encounter some difficulties and obstacles. As long as we still have affection, our descendants will have the confidence to overcome it! It is time to take the first step towards reunification, that is, the proposal we drafted hopes to get the approval and strong support of most family members in the country! Then let Qixin, family members from all over the country, set up family members. We also have our own views on the United Family Association. Family fun should be equivalent to the family system in modern China. It will not be rigid and will not copy the ancient family system, but a loose, harmonious and lively family member organization that conforms to the trend of the times. But it will also absorb some essence of the ancient family system, innovate and maintain its inherent good tradition, which is conducive to better building a United family association. Its function should be to unite the hearts of family members, help families in difficulty, and solve and coordinate internal contradictions in families to some extent; Carry forward good ideological and moral quality, attach importance to the way of being a man, and restrain and standardize the improper behavior of future generations; Keep close contact with your family everywhere; Rationally unify all generations of Ci school and make contributions to the next generation. At the same time, I hope that the descendants of Kirkhner all over the country will also draft a proposal in the name of descendants all over the country, so that our families all over the country can reach a preliminary understanding. I hope we can make a big breakthrough in the Kirkhner family next year! Of course, you can't take the form, and your family should be sincere and simple. Therefore, we hope that family members all over the country will set up a family association as soon as possible, and then discuss family association issues together (including ancestor worship, generations, communication, etc.). It is of great historical significance to speed up the pace of family reunion, which should also be realized under the great background of the Chinese nation's peaceful reunification of the motherland. Through the unremitting efforts of our descendants, it will be beneficial to future generations and the country. The so-called merit is contemporary, benefiting the country and the people, and benefiting the future! This can also give us greater comfort to the memory of our ancestors and make our hearts have a better and bigger home. General Secretary Hu emphasized at the 17th National Congress that the Chinese nation should build its own spiritual home, and this spiritual home is a big group nation. For our small group-family, we should also build the spiritual home of the family while reuniting. What we want to clarify is that the world can be called a family! Let the hearts of our children and grandchildren get together and help each other in the same boat. This is the true nature of our Chinese nation.
The descendants of Yunnan Tonghaike will also make unremitting efforts for family unity! Contribute your strength. Finally, say hello to the family all over the country. I wish them good health and smooth work!
December 2007
Proposal of China, Kirkhner and joint family (discussion draft)
Search for the origin and genealogy of ancestors.
-Hebei Hengshui Anping Koch family
Chinese civilization is extensive and profound; China has a long history. National history, local chronicles and genealogy constitute the three pillars of China's history and culture, but China's surname is a star in China's 5,000-year history. Every surname has a brilliant brilliance, accompanied by a heavy history and a wonderful story. ...
Our Anping family lives in Anping County, Hebei Province, a famous "hometown of silk screen" in China. The gold and silver nets, which are famous all over the country, have crisscrossed this land for more than 500 years. As the saying goes, "water is active, and wood has roots." Think of the source when drinking water, but never forget the root. When this kind of silk screen first originated, that is, in the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1404), our ancestor Zhao Feng moved from Xiyang Town, Fenzhou, Shanxi Province (now Fenyang City, Shanxi Province) to Baojialin Village, Anping County. Since then, in this long time of more than 500 years, the Kirsch family has thrived in this vast and rich Yuan Ye. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1703), the 12th ancestor of Kirsch moved from Anping County to Huangtai (now anguo city, Baoding) in Anguo County and settled down as a teacher. During the ten-year turmoil, the temple and stone tablet of the Kejia family in Anping were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and the ancestral tablets were burned. Fortunately, at that time, a patriarch risked his life to hide a genealogy in a blank wall, so that some historical materials of the Koch family can be preserved and are still precious. 1989 12, Klebsiella in Fenyang City, Anping County and anguo city County.
The view that Anping Kirgiz people originated from their ancestors is that the Ming Dynasty gave them a surname. But after a long time, there is no way to verify it. I only know that my surname is rare in the country. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, computer networks are everywhere. From the internet, I know that there are several Kirgiz settlements in China, especially that the Kirgiz people in Henan are descendants of the Mongols. It is not known whether the Kirgiz people in Anping, including the Kirgiz people in Fenyang, are also descendants of the Mongols. On the land of China, we are the descendants of Koch. If someone asks, where are you from? Who are your local ancestors? Where is the root? Why is your surname Ke? But who is the ancestor? How many generations are you from science to drilling? What did you do for your ancestors? These are all questions that we are ashamed of, and also questions that we should consider and discuss as a member of the Koch family! Think of the Croats as a family of about100000 people, but the ethnic groups are far apart and do not know each other. Like scattered sand, they have no cohesion and cannot form strength. Therefore, it is the responsibility of every member of China Kirkhner family to trace the source. But our Kirkhner surname must be a small surname, regardless of ancestors, we must unite, unite, unite. At present, the whole country is building a harmonious society. As the cell of the country, our family should achieve "home and everything". If every family can do this, the big family of our motherland will be prosperous forever, and we will live and work in peace forever. On behalf of Anping's Koch family, I would like to propose to China's Koch family-China's Koch family to unite the clansmen!
In my opinion, the United Sect first established the United Sect of the Chinese Kordoff family, selected the permanent meeting place, formulated the purpose and goal, and set up the president, secretary and other staff. [For example, the World Peng Clan Association (referred to as the "World Peng Association") is organized by people named Peng whose descendants have developed well at home and abroad. Its purpose: "love each other and be loyal to the clan forever" and "educate the people, maintain family order and strengthen the clan" are the goals. Branches should also be established in major residential areas in South Korea. Then there is the compilation of Koch's genealogy. Due to immigration, politics and other reasons, many precious family heirloom materials were destroyed, most of which were not compiled for a hundred years. Tomb-Sweeping Day went to his grave to worship his ancestors. Nowadays, many people have a weak family concept and lack understanding of genealogy compilation. Some people mistakenly think that pruning is unnecessary, and it's none of my business whether I do it or not. Therefore, we must unify our understanding and clarify the purpose and significance of music modification. Sun Yat-sen, a great revolutionary, pointed out that genealogy records the clan unity of the Chinese nation and expands the great unity of the nation, which is an excellent traditional concept of talents in China. You should use it. To revitalize the nation, we must first unite the clans. President Mao Zedong once pointed out: If our ancestors are not respected, we can't talk about patriotism. Genealogy is the product of consanguineous culture and a family history book. It records the evolution history of a family origin. For example, origin, development, reproduction, lineage evolution, branch migration, generation order school, ancestral achievements, family rules and family precepts, etc. , has been deeply loved by the majority of families, treasured by most families, passed down from generation to generation. The purpose of continuing to write genealogy is to inherit the wishes of ancestors, carry forward the past and the future, inspire Chinese people to love their country, respect the old and the young, respect the family and abide by the law, and contribute to the creation of a harmonious society and a well-off society. Learning from General Secretary Hu Jintao's idea of "establishing a socialist concept of honor and disgrace" and adhering to "eight honors and eight disgraces" provide a basis for future generations to trace their roots, recognize their ancestors and return to their ancestors, and be connected by blood. Therefore, the continuation of genealogy has important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance. Otherwise, our descendants will have no spectrum to follow, it will be difficult to trace back to the source, or even unclear, and the order of generations will be unknown. They will regard their own people as passers-by and forget all about their ancestors. So the function of genealogy is "don't be intimate with the next generation." Let the children and grandchildren "know this, make Zhao Mu, know this, and know the generation". The revision of the spectrum now is also to continue the spectrum in the future, so that the Koch family can come down in one continuous line and be passed down from generation to generation forever. The ancients said, "If you don't cultivate the joy of the Three Realms, you will be unfilial." Only by repairing genealogy can we be worthy of our ancestors and future generations.
The Chinese nation is a nation with strong cohesion. So is the Kirkhner family. Driven by this cohesion, the efforts of everyone in Kirkhner family, China and Kirkhner family, will be realized, and the sooner the better, because with the passage of time, the information of many families will gradually be forgotten and disappeared, and the lost things are irreplaceable. What a pity! In order to leave no regrets or less regrets, we should work hard. The further we take, the fewer people will take a step forward. We suffer more, and future generations suffer less. This is an important task entrusted to us by history. It is both glorious and arduous. As long as we have firm confidence, are not afraid of difficulties, work hard, make progress despite difficulties, persevere and never look back, there will be no insurmountable difficulties, and we will certainly be able to successfully complete the historical mission of the Kirgiz family in China and make due contributions to the prosperity of the Kirgiz family.
Cognate, cognate, blood is thicker than water, members of the Kirkhner family, what are we waiting for? ! ……