To realize the development strategy of building a new country in China, information industry should be regarded as the basic industry and leading industry of the national economy, and the software industry as the core of information industry should be listed as the top priority. The software industry is becoming a new growth point of China's economic development.
First, the export status of China software industry
1, the scale of China software industry. According to China Electronic News, as of September 2005, there were12,458 software enterprises in China. From 65438 to 0999, there were only 38 software enterprises with over 100 million yuan in China, and in 2004, there were more than 200. 1999 Only 1 software enterprises in China have passed the CMM2 assessment, and by the end of 2004, more than 100 software enterprises have passed the CMM2 assessment. Among them, 6 enterprises have obtained CMM5 five-level certification. In 2003, the state identified 172 key software enterprises in the national planning layout, and dynamically adjusted them to 164 in 2004. By the end of September 2005, there were 1, 7 13 enterprises in China, including 7 1 qualified enterprises, 3 15 second-class qualified enterprises, 876 third-class qualified enterprises and 4 fourth-class qualified enterprises. It can be seen that the software industry in China has begun to take shape, and the industry is in a stage of rapid development.
2.200 1 total software industry in China in 2005. (Figure 1) From 200 1 to 2005, the total software industry in China grew faster and faster, with an average growth rate of 36.6% during this period, much higher than other domestic industries.
3.20065438+0-China's total software export in 2005. (Figure 2) From 20065438+0 to 2005, China's total software exports increased significantly, with an average growth rate of 55.6%. The proportion of software exports to the total industrial output value fluctuates around 10% every year. Among them, the total software export to Japan in 2004 reached about 654.38+039 billion yuan, accounting for 60% of the total export. Japan has become the largest software importer in China. (Figure 3)
Second, the development advantages of China's software export industry
(1) Stable political environment and good infrastructure. Undoubtedly, the stable political environment in China is the main reason why foreign investors choose China enterprises as partners. China's software exports are concentrated in the eastern coastal cities and Beijing, where infrastructure is perfect, talents are abundant, and there are many foreign-funded enterprises, which have a good economic and social foundation.
(2) The government of China issued preferential policies to support software outsourcing and information service export. China vigorously develops software and information services, and the central government and local governments have introduced various preferential measures to support industrial development. Liaoning has set up a special support fund for the manufacturing industry of electronic information industry, and Dalian has set up a special fund for the revitalization of Northeast China, taking electronic information as one of the five key support industries.
(3) Software parks and software export bases make the export of software and information services form a high degree of industrial agglomeration. At present, China has formed 1 1 national software industrial bases, 29 national torch plan software industrial bases and 6 national software export bases, and a large number of software outsourcing enterprises have gathered here, resulting in agglomeration effect.
Third, the lack of China's software industry exports
China's software industry has a weak foundation. China's software industry is similar to India's, but its export scale is only110 of India's; The export market is single, mainly concentrated in Japan, lacking core competitiveness, independent brands and independent intellectual property rights.
(1) The market structure is single. The export market structure of China's software products is unreasonable, among which Japan is the main export market in China, accounting for 60% of the total export, Europe and America account for 16%, Southeast Asia accounts for 15%, and other countries account for 9%. As can be seen from this set of data, China's software export enterprises are highly dependent on the Japanese market, while they are underdeveloped in other markets such as Europe and America. As a single country, Japan's demand for software products is limited after all. If Japan is taken as the target market, the development of China's software industry will also be limited. Unlike China, India is dominated by the European and American markets, with huge market potential, which provides a broad space for the development of software industry.
(2) The degree of product development is not deep. Software development generally goes through the following steps: requirements analysis → outline design → detailed design → coding → unit testing → combination testing → comprehensive testing → system trial operation → formal operation → maintenance and so on. Take Japan's software development as an example: In Japan's software development model, in order to reduce costs and increase profits, Japanese software companies usually send some projects to foreign cooperative enterprises such as China to complete the development tasks after receiving orders. Due to the distance between language and geography, China software companies in Japan usually hand over the coding and unit testing to Japan on the basis of detailed design books. Then, the Japanese side will do follow-up work such as combination testing. Thus, China has only completed several intermediate steps in the whole software development work, focusing on the low end of the whole industrial chain.
(3) The brain drain rate is high and high-end talents are lacking. Personnel in the software industry are highly mobile. Many companies often make wedding dresses for others, and employees often change jobs. Taking Beijing as an example, the average turnover rate of talents in software and information service outsourcing enterprises is18.28%; The average turnover rate in Dalian has also reached 15%. The reasons for the high turnover rate are mainly related to factors such as not paying attention to staff training, unstable business sources and unreasonable reward mechanism. This is related to the short contract period between enterprises and employees (generally three years) and the fierce competition for senior talents among enterprises. Due to the rapid development of this industry, the demand for talents is in short supply. Although all colleges and universities have set up software development-related majors, and various training schools have emerged one after another, the supply of middle and senior talents is still in short supply. The demand of enterprises for software development talents is divided into three levels: the highest level is software architect, who is required to be proficient in foreign languages and work in IT field for more than 8 years; The middle managers are PM and SE, who are required to be proficient in foreign languages, have worked in the IT field for more than 3 years, and have more than 1 year project management experience; Grassroots talents are mainly PG, requiring basic knowledge of foreign languages and at least 1 year IT experience. Generally, the ratio of these three levels is 1: 2: 7. At present, the proportion of senior talents in software development enterprises in China is only 10%, which is far below the standard requirement of 30% and far from meeting the needs of enterprises.
Four, vigorously develop the software export industry
Developing the export of software and information services is of great significance to China. It is conducive to promoting the independent innovation of China's software industry, promoting the development of China's service trade, optimizing the national economic structure, and transforming the mode of economic growth.
(1) macro-control and policy support. The Ministry of Commerce should continue to strengthen the service and management of the existing six national software export bases. In addition, we should also do a good job in the following aspects:
1. Improve the policy environment. Issue the Guiding Opinions on Supporting and Encouraging the Export of Software and Information Services as soon as possible to standardize the management and statistical methods of software export.
2. Actively promote independent innovation. Promote enterprises to establish brand awareness and focus on developing independent brand software; Establish a software technical standard system and participate in the formulation of international standards and international standards; Take effective measures to strengthen the protection and supervision of software and intellectual property rights.
3. Encourage foreign investors to invest in China's software industry. Establish a high-level software research and development center in China; Encourage domestic software enterprises to conduct joint ventures or cooperation with foreign-funded enterprises to open up the international market for software export; Strengthen exchanges with internationally renowned exhibitions, forums and conferences.
(2) Develop diversified markets. For Japanese and Korean markets, China has geographical advantages, and the northeast of China is rich in language and technical talents. Stabilizing Japanese and Korean markets is a realistic and feasible development path. However, we should also realize that relying on only one or two countries' markets is very risky, and it is necessary to open up a broad international market. At present, China's huge domestic market space is very attractive to European and American enterprises. We should take this opportunity to explore the market in the development and outsourcing of related software in mobile communication industry, cooperative development of IT software for medical devices, and BPO business in financial field.
(3) Extend the depth of product development. Most software development enterprises in China focus on the development of low-end products or low-end products. In transnational software development, it is difficult to extend to the high end due to the limitation of language and business knowledge. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we should start from the following aspects:
1, improve BSE ability and give full play to its role. The main responsibility of BSE is to sort out and convey customer requirements to the Chinese side; Training offshore personnel and explaining business, etc. So mad cow disease is a bridge between China and foreign countries. For software enterprises, the quality of BSE determines the success or failure of software development. However, in fact, many BSEs are just translations of some technical knowledge. China's communication with foreign countries has been hindered by the lack of ability of mad cow disease. Therefore, enterprises should cultivate high-level BSE and improve their abilities from the following five aspects. (1) as the ability of SE to solve customer needs; (2) the ability to manage the project schedule; (3) Improve the enthusiasm of marine engineers and the ability to cultivate talents; (4) Language ability to communicate with foreign marine engineers; (5) Ability to understand foreign cultures and concepts.
2. Long-term exchange of employees with foreign cooperative enterprises. On the one hand, the employee exchange between China enterprises and foreign cooperative enterprises can make China employees fully understand the requirements of foreign countries for offshore development; On the other hand, foreign employees can guide offshore development and help solve the mistakes made by China people who are not familiar with business knowledge and local culture. Moreover, the communication between employees can also promote the communication between the two sides and avoid conflicts arising from cultural differences.
3. Recruit foreign employees directly. At present, the China government has created favorable conditions for foreigners to work in our country, and the wage level in our country is constantly improving. China's huge development space has attracted many foreigners to work in our country. Therefore, software enterprises can also seize this opportunity to hire foreigners to directly participate in software development. This can reduce the errors caused by language and technology.
4. Open a branch abroad. Opening a branch abroad makes it easier to master the detailed information of the software to be developed, better understand the local needs and enhance the trust of customers. Because of direct contact with customers, we can understand customers' intentions more deeply, develop products in depth, improve the depth and breadth of software development, and then control the whole process of software development.
(4) Training talents in various ways. Fully mobilize all kinds of resources and train software developers. There are abundant teachers in colleges and universities, and software export bases and outsourcing enterprises have practical experience and sensitive information in direct contact with the market, so as to grasp the training direction. Therefore, universities, software export bases and key outsourcing enterprises should cooperate in various forms to cultivate talents. At present, many colleges and universities offer software development majors and strengthen foreign languages such as English, Japanese and Korean, which is the choice to adapt to the market. Colleges and universities cooperate with software export enterprises, which provide practical training for students in software development, and colleges and universities recognize corresponding credits to improve students' adaptability to work. In addition to integrating various domestic educational resources, we should also make use of various foreign advantageous resources. For example, related outsourcing service training institutions at home and abroad cooperate to introduce foreign advanced outsourcing talent training mode.