Self-help and mutual rescue knowledge training content. In real life, when disaster comes, some knowledge of self-help and mutual aid can save our lives at critical moments. Next, I will take you to learn more about the training content of self-help and mutual aid knowledge.
Self-help and mutual rescue knowledge training content 1 1, the key points of dialing "120"
The emergency number in China is "120" (you can also dial "999" in Beijing).
When dialing "120", the patient's name, gender, age, exact address and contact number should be accurately stated; The time of illness or injury of the patient, the main symptoms at present and the preliminary first aid measures taken at the scene; Report the most prominent and typical symptoms of patients; What diseases have you had in the past, and the medication situation; Agree on a specific waiting place, which should be iconic and easy to find.
2, the correct method of hemostasis
After bleeding, the injured part should be raised first, and the contaminated wound should be cleaned with clean water. If the wound is bleeding heavily, stop the bleeding first and then clean it. Then cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean, breathable and absorbent dressing, and press it by hand for 5- 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, go to the hospital in time.
Important note: The wound can't be bandaged, which may cause ischemia and necrosis.
3. First-aid methods for cerebral hemorrhage
Patients with sudden cerebral hemorrhage should call 120 immediately and take corresponding emergency measures. Let the patient lie in bed, keep the surrounding environment quiet, don't shake the unconscious person violently, and closely observe the temperature, pulse, breathing, blood pressure and other indicators; Tilt the patient's head to one side to prevent secretions or vomit from blocking the respiratory tract and causing suffocation; If accompanied by fever, an ice pack and a cold towel can be applied to the forehead of the patient to reduce the local temperature, which is beneficial to brain protection.
Misunderstanding of first aid
1, look up when nosebleeds.
The correct way: sit down, lean forward slightly, open your mouth and breathe through it; Pinch the sides of the nose with thumb and forefinger, and press it toward the back of the head for 10 minute, with slight pain as the degree. If the bleeding doesn't stop, you should see a doctor immediately.
2. Treat burns and scalds with toothpaste
The correct way: immediately wash the affected area with cold water to inhibit the damage of high temperature to the skin and reduce the risk of infection; Wrap the affected area with gauze and keep it clean and dry. If there are blisters on the wound, don't puncture them at will. If it is serious, you should see a doctor at once.
3, the throat is stuck and it is difficult to swallow food.
The correct way: the thorns that can be seen are directly taken out by hand or tweezers; If you can't see or the person concerned can't speak, you should seek medical advice in time.
Self-help and mutual aid knowledge training content 2 How to carry out self-help and mutual aid in an emergency
1, Hemostasis: The purpose is to reduce the blood flow velocity and prevent massive blood loss, leading to shock and coma. Specific methods: 1 first move to a safe or quiet place, check the injury and determine the nature of bleeding, such as arterial bleeding, venous bleeding, capillary bleeding, etc. ② You can directly press your finger on the bleeding wound or bleeding artery to stop bleeding; For patients with limb injury and bleeding, belts, ties, identification bands, coarse cloth strips, scarves, etc. can be used, or their own clothes can be torn into strips instead, and tied to the upper arm 1/3 and the middle thigh to stop bleeding.
2. Fixation: Fixing fractures and joint injuries, with the purpose of avoiding new injuries caused by fracture ends, alleviating pain and facilitating treatment and rescue. Specific methods: 1 Open wounds should be bandaged first and then fixed, and should not be sent back to the punctured fracture end; Cushion or raise the injured part to slow down bleeding and reduce swelling. 3 Don't move the spine or people who suspect spinal injury; When fixing, the upper and lower joints at the fracture end must be fixed together. For example, a calf fracture should fix the ankle joint and knee joint.
3. First aid for burns: 1 Wash the wound with plenty of water unless the wound is black, white or too deep; Do not directly ice the wound; Don't puncture the blisters. 4 gently remove the ring, watch, belt or tight clothes. Cover the wound with a clean non-stick cloth.
4. First aid for shock: 1 To prevent the injured from being too cold or too hot, use blankets or coats to keep warm; If there is no fracture, the injured person's foot will be raised by about 30 cm; Don't drink water or feed the injured; Pay attention to the degree of consciousness of the injured; 5 report to the ambulance personnel.
5. First aid for respiratory obstruction: If you have respiratory obstruction due to chest injury, maintaining the pressure difference between chest pressure and external atmospheric pressure is the key to ensure smooth breathing. Specific methods: 1 You can stick your ID card or other non-absorbent cards on your body and press the wound; 2 You can also use plastic wrap, tear off the size of about 20×20 cm, stick it on the wound, and fix it on the upper, left and right sides with adhesive tape, leaving the lower part for the blood flowing out of the wound to be discharged; You can also open your palm and press the wound on your body.
6. First aid for abdominal injury: 1 Stop bleeding. If it is a closed wound, press the wound to stop bleeding in time; 2 Keep it fresh. If it is an open wound, when the small intestine is exposed, the coat should be soaked with water to wrap the small intestine so that it is not exposed to the air, so as to avoid bacterial infection, dehydration, drying and necrosis. Never backfill the dirty organs into the abdominal cavity, which will make the organs infect each other in the abdominal cavity, produce adhesion and accelerate the necrosis of organs; 3 Waiting for rescue. Try not to move after the injury, and wait for rescue by lying or lying down.
7, cardiopulmonary resuscitation:
(1) One beat, two presses and three calls. The rescuer will lie on his back and immediately clap his shoulder to call, or press the middle point to call at the same time. If there is no response, the person is judged to be insane;
(2) artificial respiration. Lift the mandibular angle to make the respiratory tract unobstructed; If the injured person still can't breathe, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If artificial respiration doesn't work, check whether there is any foreign body in the mouth and throat, and try to eliminate it and continue artificial respiration; Commonly used artificial respiration methods mainly include mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, chest compressions in supine position or chest compressions in prone position. Among them, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is the most effective. The formula is: head back and push back, jaw up. Take a deep breath, mouth to mouth, sometimes mouth to nose. Pay attention to pinching your nose and blowing, 16~ 18 times per minute.
(3) heart massage. Once the patient's heart stops beating, immediately pat the sternum 2~3 times in the patient's precordial area. If it fails, massage the chest immediately. The method is: let the patient lie on his back first, and put a hard board on his back, or move the patient and mattress to the ground. The operator kneels beside the patient, with the palm root at the junction of the middle and lower sternum of the patient, and the other hand overlapping the back of his forehand to straighten his elbows. With the help of the operator's weight, press the sternum down quickly to make it sink 3 cm (the force exerted on children should be reduced appropriately). Don't use too much force or improper position when massaging, so as not to cause rib fracture. If external heart massage cannot effectively ventilate, it is necessary to cooperate with artificial respiration.
Self-help and mutual rescue knowledge training content 3 earthquake self-help and mutual rescue knowledge
Methods of avoiding inspection and self-help and mutual rescue in earthquake
(1) How do people at home protect themselves during the earthquake?
When you feel the ground or buildings shaking, remember that the biggest damage comes from falling debris. At this time, you should move cleverly to avoid it.
1, in the house, quickly hide in a safe place, such as hiding under a desk, workbench or bed. In the unit building. You can choose to open a small bathroom and corner, relying on the support of water pipes and gas pipes to reduce casualties. For workers who live outdoors and in bungalows, they can escape outdoors with quilts, pillows or helmets on their heads during the earthquake. When it's too late, it's best to stay indoors for shock absorption. When they come down, they should lean their heads against the wall, so that the sunken part between their eyes above their noses rests on their horizontal arms, close their eyes and mouths and breathe through their noses. Generally speaking, they should not run out of the building, and it is best to find a safe place nearby to hide. After the earthquake, they should wait if evacuation is necessary.
2. In case of earthquake, the door frame will not open due to deformation, so it is best not to close the door when it is earthquake-proof. When there is an earthquake at night, we should race against time to move to a safe place. Don't waste time looking for things and dressing up. If possible, we should turn off the power, gas and lights immediately. Use a flashlight for lighting, not open flames such as matches and candles.
3. During an earthquake, if you have been smashed or buried under a collapsed object, you should first observe the surrounding environment, find a passage, and try your best to escape. If there is no passage, you should save your strength, don't make a hullabaloo about, and listen to what is going on outside. If you hear someone passing by, you can knock on the iron pipe or wall to avoid the sound coming out, so as to help. At the same time, we should find life-sustaining food in a narrow space.
(2) How do outdoor personnel carry out personal protection during the earthquake?
1. People who are outdoors during the earthquake should never walk into the house to save their loved ones despite the vibration of the earth. They can only be rescued in time after the earthquake.
2. If you are walking on the sidewalk next to a tall building, you should quickly hide in front of the tall building to prevent debris from falling and hurting people.
3. The car driver should brake on the spot, and the train driver should take emergency braking measures to brake steadily and gradually to ensure the personal safety of the train and passengers.
4. If you feel an earthquake on the hillside, don't run down the hill with rolling stones, but hide behind the raised hills on the hillside and stay away from the steep cliffs to prevent the threat of collapse, landslide and debris flow.
5. At the seaside, if you find that the sea water suddenly recedes, faster and lower than the ebb tide, you should pay attention to the sudden attack of the tsunami and move to a high place as soon as possible.
(3) How do people who work in their jobs protect themselves during an earthquake?
When an earthquake occurs, people at work and production posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, and individuals should take immediate measures to prevent electric shock according to their environment.
1. During the earthquake, the staff in the office building should quickly hide under their desks and evacuate from the stairs after the earthquake. Never jump off a building.
2. When an earthquake happens, workers working in the factory should immediately turn off the machine, cut off the power supply and quickly hide under lathes, machine tools and tall people. Equipment, don't rush around.
3, underground workers, in the event of an earthquake, should immediately stop production, don't rush out, underground is generally safer than the ground. Avoid dangerous areas such as roadways or shafts, and choose supported roadways to reduce vibration. After the earthquake, it moved to the ground in an organized and orderly manner.
4, some lifeline engineering personnel at work, should according to their respective professional characteristics, specification, immediately take shock absorption measures. For example, in the event of an earthquake in a chemical plant, emergency measures should be taken to prevent the leakage of flammable, explosive and toxic gases and liquids, and all kinds of gates and power supplies should be closed immediately to prevent secondary disasters.
(4) How can people in public places protect themselves during an earthquake?
When encountering an earthquake in a public place where people gather, it is forbidden to panic, otherwise it will lead to disorder and mutual squeezing, resulting in casualties, and should be evacuated from multiple intersections quickly and organized.
1. In case of an earthquake in a theater, gymnasium, etc. You should be calm, especially when there is a power failure at the scene. Don't shout and don't crowd. You should squat down or hide under a row of chairs, pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans, and protect your head with a leather bag. After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
2. During the earthquake, when you are in shopping malls, bookstores, exhibition halls, etc. You should choose solid counters and commodities such as low furniture. ) or columns, and squat down in the inner corner, protect your head with your hands or other things, avoid glass doors and windows, or squat down in the passage, waiting for the earthquake to subside and evacuate in an orderly manner.
3. When studying in class, you should close your eyes quickly under the teacher's command, hide under the desk, and never run around or jump off the building. After the earthquake, we should leave the classroom in an organized way and go to the nearest open-air earthquake site to prevent the earthquake.
4. The stadium where the competition is going on should immediately stop the competition, stabilize the mood of the audience, prevent confusion and crowding, and evacuate to the outside of the stadium in an organized and step-by-step manner.
Personal self-help method after earthquake
After the earthquake, there were piles of rubble composed of broken walls, dangerous houses and collapsed houses everywhere. Before there is foreign aid, self-help is a struggle with death. Time is life. From the experience of previous major earthquakes, it can be known that after the earthquake, the survival rate of people selected within one day can reach 80%, and the survival rate of the second swallow is 30-40%. The longer the time, the lower the survival rate. Most of the personal injuries caused by earthquakes are caused by the collapse of houses. Once buried, it is necessary to:
1, buried under the ruins, the key is not mental collapse, but courage and perseverance. Strong desire for survival and optimistic spirit full of confidence are powerful driving forces to create miracles in the process of self-help.
2, after being buried, pay attention to cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, clothes or other cloth. Avoid choking and accidents caused by dust, try to move your hands and feet as much as possible, eliminate all kinds of objects pressing on your body, support the heavy objects with movable objects around you, avoid collapse, expand the space for safe activities and ensure sufficient air. If conditions permit, you should try to escape from the danger and move to a safer, spacious and bright place.
3. After being buried, pay attention to the surrounding environment, find a passage and try to climb out. Don't shout if you can't climb out. When you hear someone outside, call again, or knock and send a message to the outside world for help.
4, unable to escape, try to reduce physical exertion, find food and water, and plan to use it, wait optimistically, and try to get in touch with rescuers outside.
Method of large-scale mutual rescue after earthquake
Saving people after an earthquake, time is life. Therefore, family members, neighbors, colleagues at work, or passers-by who meet by chance should first save people from the nearest place. As long as someone is buried nearby, it is necessary to rescue them first, buy time and reduce casualties. The principle of saving people after the earthquake is:
1. In the process of mutual rescue, we should be organized and pay attention to methods, so as to avoid blindly seeking quick success and instant benefit and increase undue casualties. First of all, by listening, calling and asking questions, and according to the structural characteristics of the building, judge the position of the buried person, especially the position of the head. In excavation and rescue, it is best to dial by hand, not dig with sharp tools.
2. If the injury is serious, you can't come out on your own, and you can't forcibly pull and drag. You should try to expose your whole body, find out the injury, and implement bandage fixation or first aid.
3. In mutual rescue, portable tools such as shovels and irons and convenient equipment such as towels, sheets, shirts and boards should be used.
4. When excavating, it is necessary to distinguish between supported and buried obstacles. It is necessary to protect the supports, remove the buried objects, and protect the space where the buried people live from being flooded.
5, remove buried objects and drilling, segmentation, conditional to splash water, to prevent the wounded suffocation.
6. For the wounded who can't be rescued temporarily, we should protect the space under the ruins, keep ventilation, deliver food and wait for the rescue opportunity.