Talent Cultivation of School-enterprise Cooperation and Work-study Combination in Tourism Management Major
The mode of school-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational education is mainly produced by the actual demand of enterprises for talents. According to the requirements of enterprises and the teaching and training objectives of schools, the educational mode of theoretical teaching and practical operation training in enterprises is also the core feature of higher vocational education which is different from higher education with general qualifications.
First, the status quo of school-enterprise cooperation mechanism of tourism management major
School-enterprise cooperative education mode refers to a practical teaching mode imitated in higher vocational education to meet the quality needs of talents in enterprises. It is a standard mode of cooperation between higher vocational colleges and enterprises, industries, service departments and other off-campus institutions under the goal of running schools and training qualified workers in society. Through this educational model, students' theoretical study is closely combined with practical operation or training, thus improving the quality of higher vocational education and the quality of future workers, enhancing the possibility of two-way choice between enterprise departments and higher vocational graduates, and finally promoting social and economic development.
The main modes of school-enterprise cooperation in tourism management major of Yangling Vocational and Technical College are as follows: first, the talent training mode of "well-known enterprise", that is, the talent training mode of "the school and the enterprise sign a talent training agreement, * * * make a talent training plan, * * * organize teaching, and students go directly to the enterprise for employment after graduation"; The second is the training mode of "combining work with study" in stages, that is, according to the "modular" system of curriculum design in tourism management specialty, the first semester can be carried out in the school with professional foundation and "quality education module"; In the second semester, "Hotel Management Curriculum System Module" embodies "work-study combination" and school-enterprise cooperation. Theoretical teaching and practice are carried out simultaneously in enterprises, which are jointly completed by teachers and enterprise experts. In the third semester, "module of tour guide course system", combined with industry research, strives to pass the national tour guide qualification examination; In the fourth semester, "travel agency curriculum system module" embodies "work-study combination" and school-enterprise cooperation; In the fifth semester, "tourism management extension system module", according to the needs of enterprises, I went to the scenic spot for internship or combined with industry research, and strived to obtain relevant certificates in the tourism industry; In the sixth semester, I went to a deep cooperative enterprise or a well-known enterprise for graduation internship and combined it with employment.
Second, the construction and implementation mode of school-enterprise cooperation in tourism management major
According to the talent training mode and modular curriculum system of tourism management major in Yangling Vocational and Technical College, this paper explores three modes of school-enterprise cooperation: school-travel agency, school-hotel and school-scenic spot.
1. "School-travel agency" cooperation. Considering the geographical advantages of Yangling, and students generally choose Yangling or Xi 'an to take the tour guide certificate, it is easy to master the tourist routes and tour guide words in Shaanxi, especially the "work-study combination" internship and graduation internship. According to these two points, when the tourism management major opened up the school-enterprise cooperation line, it formed excessive practice bases for travel agencies in Baoji, Hanzhong, Yan 'an and Xi 'an.
2. "School-hotel" cooperation. Because the tourism management major has 7 years of experience in hotel enterprise cooperation, during the 7 years of "school hotel" cooperation, it is gradually found that hotel enterprises with regular management, group operation, superior geographical location, good corporate reputation and favorable treatment have long-term and in-depth cooperation.
Strengthen the in-depth cooperation between schools and hotels through student internships. Usually, hotel experts will be invited to give lectures to students, and students and instructors will go to the hotel to participate in on-site operation and exercise during the internship, gradually form a stable internship and employment base, and use enterprise resources to update teaching concepts. Formed a network hotel practice base centered on Xi, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing.
3. "School-Scenic Area" cooperation. In view of the fact that most scenic spots around Yangling are managed by the government, in the process of cooperation, we should take 4A, 5A or even world cultural heritage or world miracle as the starting point, and through school-enterprise cooperation, we should first realize the forms of internship and external teachers, communicate with students, and gradually realize the mode of scenic spot participation. At present, there are many scenic spots listed, such as Terracotta Warriors Museum, Hanyang Mausoleum Museum, Shaanxi Provincial History Museum, Anbeilin Museum, Taibai Mountain Forest Cemetery and so on.
Third, the effectiveness of school-enterprise cooperation in tourism management
From the school's point of view, school-enterprise cooperation can feed back the social needs in time and enhance the professional application. From the enterprise's point of view, school-enterprise cooperation can borrow the teaching power of the school and improve the education level. Specifically, school-enterprise cooperation in tourism management has achieved the following benefits:
1. School-enterprise cooperation has achieved a win-win cooperation between schools and enterprises. On the one hand, the school trains graduates needed by enterprises, provides services for enterprises and solves problems in the development process for enterprises; On the other hand, for vocational and technical colleges, this not only ensures students' counterpart employment, but also strengthens the connection between professional teachers and the industry, which can expand the social influence of the college. At the same time, enterprises also put forward the requirements of talent training to schools to provide guarantee for practical teaching in schools.
2. School-enterprise cooperation is conducive to highlighting the practicality of specialty setting. After years of cooperation with enterprises, the tourism management major of Yangling Vocational and Technical College has a timely understanding of the development of tourism in China. In view of the unbalanced development of China's tourism industry, that is, the employment situation of tourism enterprises, on the basis of the original tourism management specialty, the hotel management specialty was set up in 2004, the foreign-related tourism specialty was set up in 2007, and the international tour guide specialty was set up in 2009.
3. School-enterprise cooperation can effectively innovate the talent training mode. School-enterprise cooperation is conducive to the cultivation of students' professional quality. By allowing students to participate in enterprise practice, they can form advanced manufacturing concepts and profound professional habits, and are willing to engage in practical work, thus promoting the cultivation of students' professional quality and laying the foundation for their correct employment orientation in the future. Tourism management majors should strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, innovate the talent training mode of "combining work with study" and formulate a new talent training scheme that is more suitable for higher vocational characteristics.
4. School-enterprise cooperation can broaden the idea of running a school in all directions. According to the principles of complementary advantages, resource sharing and mutual benefit, school-enterprise cooperation can comprehensively broaden the thinking of running a higher vocational school, promote the combination of production and learning, and enhance the characteristics of running a school. Higher vocational education must form its own characteristics and advantages, seek development in characteristics and innovation in development. Therefore, promoting the combination of production and learning at the joint point of school-enterprise cooperation is an effective way to enhance school-running characteristics and broaden school-running ideas.
5. School-enterprise cooperation is conducive to the development of enterprises and enhance their competitiveness. For enterprises, the most urgent need is skilled and high-quality talents with certain professional ability, expertise and innovative spirit. The advanced technology applied talents trained by colleges and universities are not only the main body of emerging enterprises, but also the main body of large enterprises. School-enterprise cooperation can make the school organically combine the training process of students with the requirements of enterprises for employees, make the trained talents meet the needs of enterprises, industries and society, shorten the running-in period between employees and enterprises, reduce the training cost and labor cost of enterprises, and effectively enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
Four. conclusion
However, in the process of implementing school-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational colleges, there are still some shortcomings, such as lack of strong financial and policy support, short time of school-enterprise cooperation, failure to form long-term talent training objectives and school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, and cooperation is limited to students' internship and employment. Therefore, in the future development of higher vocational colleges, we should continue to further strengthen effective cooperation with enterprises, make full use of existing educational resources and vocational education development space, and cultivate more highly skilled and practical talents for enterprises and society. Only by adhering to the premise of school-enterprise cooperation in running schools, expanding the scale and form of cooperation in running schools, and striving to form their own advantages and characteristics in running schools, can school-enterprise cooperation in running schools and promoting the development of vocational colleges form a benign interactive relationship and cultivate more practical and highly skilled talents for the society.
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