Send friends to the river in the south.

Don Zhang Qiao

Where homesickness accumulates, there is world turmoil.

The shore is long and the group is late, and the lake is wide and sails in autumn.

Buy wine over fishermen, divide the lights and fish the boat.

When Xiaoxiang sees a goose, it is advisable to travel alone.

Send friends to the river in the south.

Don Zhang Qiao

Where homesickness accumulates, there is world turmoil.

The shore is long and the group is late, and the lake is wide and sails in autumn.

Buy wine over fishermen, divide the lights and fish the boat.

When Xiaoxiang sees a goose, it is advisable to travel alone.

Send friends to the river in the south.

Don Zhang Qiao

Where homesickness accumulates, there is world turmoil.

The shore is long and the group is late, and the lake is wide and sails in autumn.

Buy wine over fishermen, divide the lights and fish the boat.

When Xiaoxiang sees a goose, it is advisable to travel alone.

Send friends to the river in the south.

Don Zhang Qiao

Where homesickness accumulates, there is world turmoil.

The shore is long and the group is late, and the lake is wide and sails in autumn.

Buy wine over fishermen, divide the lights and fish the boat.

When Xiaoxiang sees a goose, it is advisable to travel alone.

Homesick work

Tang buxie

People in northern Luzhou are definitely lost, but the letter from Yunnan has never been answered.

If you don't sweep the flowers in front of the court, you will climb the willow outside the door.

Selling silver candles after sitting for a long time will lose face.

Hanging in the autumn night, Wan Li shines on the mountains.

Nostalgia in winter

Tangzhouhe

The wilderness began to be strict and the sky was clear and cloudless.

Trees are cold and birds are rare, and monks are rare in the mountains.

Collect the snow on the back window of the sun and open the furnace to release the inkstone ice.

I suddenly returned to my old country and wanted to live in Xiling.

Yunmeng Ancient Town in Wang Qiu

Tang rongyu

The ruins of the old country are there, so I want to travel to the old place when I board the ship.

Once people change, thousands of years of water will flow in vain.

Dream Zhu Hongsheng night, Jingmen tree color autumn.

When the clouds don't disperse, I look at my homesickness.

Work at night

Don

The cold light in the hotel stayed alone and didn't sleep, and the guest turned sad.

Tonight, my hometown is full of thoughts, and the Ming Dynasty is worried for another year.

Gu Xiang xing Hua

Donskontu

Send flowers and wine to celebrate the new opening, with flowers on the left and cups on the right.

Ask a cuttlefish and a glass of wine. How can an old friend be different?

Homesickness outside the river

Tangweizhuang

I am always outside. Every spring, I am alone in the country, sitting under a tree and drinking. The trees on the tree should also know my homesickness.

Seeing the setting sun on the river bank, it seems that my heart has been torn into pieces of willow leaves.

Meet sb. leave

Cen Can

The north wind rolled up the white grass and scattered them, and the snow in August crossed the Tatar sky.

Just like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. [ 1]

It enters the pearl shutters, it wets the silk curtains, a fur coat feels cold, and a cotton pad is thin.

The bow became stiff and almost impossible to pull out, and the metal of the armor condensed on people.

The unfathomable ice in the sand sea, gloomy clouds and Wan Li condensation.

But let's drink to the guest who came home from the camp and play the savage pipa, guitar and harp for him.

Until dusk, when the snow collapsed our tent, our frozen red flag could not fly in the wind.

We watched him walk eastward through the wheel tower door and enter the snowdrift on Tianding Road.

Then he disappeared around the corner, leaving only hoofprint.

Precautions:

[1] This sentence is a metaphor, and pear flower is a metaphor for snow.

Analysis: This is a farewell poem written by the author in the winter of the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754). The farewell in the camp was snowing heavily, which was a very special environment. The poet's strange metaphor, rich imagination and multi-level description of the real scene make people feel chilly and full of spring. It was sent to nowhere, but the scene of horseshoe prints on the snow was deeply engraved in the reader's heart.

About the author: Cen Can (7 15-770), a native of Nanyang (now Henan), is a Tianbao Jinshi. He followed Gao Xianzhi to Anxi, majestic, and then traveled between the North Court and Luntai. Historically, he died in Chengdu as an official. He is good at describing frontier scenery and war scenes. The momentum is heroic, the words are generous, and the language changes freely.

Section 4 Farewell Words of Song People

Yu Linling [1]

Liu Yong

The pavilion was late and the shower began to rest. [2]

Nothing is in the mood, [3] nostalgia, [4] Lanzhou urging. [5]

Holding hands and staring at each other with tears in my eyes, I was speechless and choked up. [6]

Reading-going to a thousand miles of smoke, [7] sinking into the sky at dusk. [8]

Affection hurts parting since ancient times, and it is even more worthy of snubbing the autumn festival.

Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, the evening breeze and the waning moon.

These years, [9] should be a good time and a good scene in name only.

Even if there are thousands of customs offices in Qian Qian, who should I talk to? [ 10]

Note: [1] This song was originally from the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to An Lushan and entered Shu, it rained heavily and bells rang on the plank road. In memory of Yang Guifei, this song was adopted, and later Liu Yong used it as a song. Also known as "the bell is slow in the rain", eight sentences and one rhyme.

[2] Shower: Shower.

[3] Doumen Tent Drink: Set up a tent on the outskirts of Kyoto and hold a farewell dinner. No mood, listless.

[4] Nostalgia: "Fang Nostalgia" part.

[5] Blue Boat: According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Lu Ban once carved a magnolia tree into a boat, which was later used as the laudatory name of the boat.

I choked with sadness and couldn't speak.

[7] Go: Repeat, indicating the distance of the trip.

[8] Dusk: Clouds in the evening. Shen Shen: a profound representation. Chutian: Southern sky. In ancient times, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River belonged to the State of Chu, so it was called.

[9] Year: Year after year.

[10] style: love between men and women.

A brief analysis of Liu Yong's slow ci which is good at narration. This word shows the farewell scene of the long pavilion when the author left Beijing for the south. The first farewell film, from the rain break at dusk to the farewell of the capital, to the destruction of the Lanzhou ship, tearfully facing each other and holding hands to say goodbye, describes the farewell scene and the farewell modality of both sides in turn, just like a drama with a story. It shows a sad scene, which is different from the poems of Tang and Five Dynasties, and also shows the feelings of parting. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Ci was not only sung, but even as far away as Xixia. "Where there is well water to drink, you can sing Liu Ci" (Xia Wu Yu). Liu ci is popular in the streets and lanes, which is not unrelated to its clear and smooth ci style.

Liu Yong's position in the history of Ci: Liu Ci's theme is not limited to the feelings of literati, but always sees the market atmosphere, which broadens the description content of Ci; Liu Yong made many attempts in the use of intonation (Song Dynasty 880, Liu 100), especially devoted to slow characters. He is good at using powerful rhyming words at the turning point of words, connecting the preceding with the following, becoming the hub of tone conversion, giving people the feeling of "latent gas turning inside" and "swaying". The whole work is comprehensive, enriching the formal system of words. Liu Ci is good at describing and sketching, and its language is fresh and natural, which has a great influence on the writing skills of later generations.

Step on the sand

Ouyang Xiu

The plum blossoms are waiting in the pavilion, the willows on the bridge are thin, and the grass is warm and swaying.

Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water.

Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence.

Spring mountain is everywhere, and pedestrians are even outside the mountain.

Note: Houguan, prospective building, smoke, fragrance, grass on the flat ground.

Brief analysis: the significance of Ouyang Xiu: a generation of Confucianism (poetry expresses ambition) is committed to hospitality (words express feelings) and has the power to create an atmosphere; European words become the heritage of Huajian words, which contributes to the improvement of words.

Chen Liang shui Diao ge tou

Send Zhang demao and Qing to master Lu.

I haven't seen Nanshi for a long time, saying that the North Mission is empty.

Hand on the spot, give it back to me after all.

Laughing at Ambassador China, like a river, still only flows eastward.

When I return to the dome, I will go to Water Street.

The capital of Yao, the land of Shun, the seal of Yu,

There should be a half-disgraced minister.

Wan Li's gamey smell is so much, and the eternal spirit is there. When will it be there?

Why did Hu Yun ask? What day is among them.

Note: men are unreasonable and contemptuous. The emptiness of the North League means that there are no good horses and no good talents. Just holding hands on the spot, you are still on your side. Gougao Street was the residence of Chang 'an ethnic minorities and foreign envoys in Han Dynasty. "The capital of Yao" means that the Central Plains is a sacred territory handed down from Yao Shunyu.

Note: This word was written in the 13th year of Xiaozong Xichun (1 186). This is a poem full of strong national pride and confidence to win. If you haven't seen Nanshijiu for a long time-if you haven't seen the Northern Expedition in the Southern Song Dynasty for a long time, don't think that there was no one in the Song Dynasty. Just two words on the spot-exaggerating De Mao's independence. He is an outstanding envoy. He smiled three words-encouraging Zhang Demao to keep the direction of the Yellow River flowing eastward and win glory for the country. And now he bows to the gold master, and sooner or later they will be destroyed by the Song Dynasty. Autumn Street-Chang 'an City where foreign envoys live. Chen Tang was beheaded and said, "Hangtouqiu Street is among barbarians."

About the author: (1143-1194), with the same name as Fu. He has a positive spirit of dealing with the world and has never been an official in his life. His view on writing is: generally speaking, if meaning and reason prevail, words will naturally be better. Therefore, it is not surprising to write big. The beauty and strangeness of nature lies in purity, intelligence and harmony. People who are not good at learning literature do not pursue things higher than reason and meaning.

Zhang Gan Yuan He Xinlang

Send Hu Bangheng to NSW.

Dream around Shenzhou Road, melancholy-the autumn wind draws corners, and the Forbidden City leaves the millet.

At its root, Kunlun is dominant, and nine foxes are turbulent.

God's will is never difficult to ask, but it is easy to say that you are sad when you are old.

More Nanpu, farewell.

The willow trees on the cool shore heat up the summer. More diarrhea river, the stars are thin and the moon is thin, and the clouds are slightly broken.

I know where to turn around and talk in bed.

If the goose doesn't come, the book becomes a book.

Cao Kener hates you. Xiubai listens to gold thread.

Note: To be built, the emperor's attendant, Xinzhou, is located in Xinxing County, Guangdong Province. China was called "Chixian Shenzhou" in ancient times, referring to the Central Plains. The horn is painted with color, so it is called painted horn. The bottom three sentences say: Why did the sky collapse, floods, thousands of villages and households, foxes and rabbits in groups in nine places, Kyushu land, which means everywhere. It's hard to complain, so it's like complaining Geng Sheikh, bright Tianhe, called Sheikh, called Xie Han, that is, Tianhe. Wan, the distant place where Hu Quan was demoted. In retrospect, it's hard to remember. Bai Juyi's poem "Zhao Zhang Ye Si": "Can you accompany me or sleep in bed without listening to the rain?" This refers to the meeting with Hu in the past. Goose can't come.

A brief analysis: The collection of poems and songs in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu praises: "Generous and sad, but after a hundred years, I still want to restrain it."

Author's Biography: Zhang (109 1- about 1 170), also known as Zhang, born in Fuzhou, whose real name is Zhongzong, is really a hermit in Luchuan. He is a pioneer of the Xin school. He is the author of Lu Chuan.

Xin Qiji's magnolia is slow

At the dinner table, Zhang Zhonggu is handsome and far-reaching.

Hanzhong started his business in the Han Dynasty. Is this the right place?

We should point our swords at Sanqin and the glory of the king and return to the East after World War I. 。

After death, I can't see today, and the mountains and rivers are full of tears.

The setting sun is broken and the west wind is empty.

A book is the teacher of the emperor, trying to explore the west.

More-leave in a hurry, hurry on the road, worry about the banner.

You missed me. Looking back, Zhenjiang Shadow Goose first flew.

Andrew's wheel has four corners, so it is difficult to reduce the waist.

Note: The sword refers to Sanqin: it refers to Liu Bang's occupation of Sanqin. Pursuing death refers to Xiao He's pursuit of Han Xin. There is a book compiled by a teacher: The Art of War, which was written by Hou Chuanli, was published by his father in the next book. Sean said, "If you read this letter, you will learn from the king."

Section 4 Common Images in Farewell Poems

Image: An image or picture commonly used in poetry to convey the poet's thoughts and feelings, and its will or emotional color is relatively stable.

Liu Yang Nanpu Changting, fine wine.

Another example is: sunset, west wind, painted horns, mandarin fish, spring breeze, autumn moon, fallen leaves, residual red, defeated lotus, river water, drizzle and Qiu Chan.

Chapter four: Analysis of epic and ancient poetry.

The first section is about the meaning and historical origin of epic poems and ancient poems.

Ode to history and cherish ancient poems: on the surface, it is a "historical event" or a "person who went to the ancient times", but its purpose is to borrow the ancient times to satirize the present, so-called borrowing the ancient people's glasses and watering their own thunder.

The artistic characteristics of ancient epic: the combination of "poetry" and "history"; the unity of literariness (emptiness) and historicity (reality); The combination of "praising history" and "expressing ambition": a strong concern for real politics; The combination of "ancient" and "present": the multidimensional combination of time and space, present-ancient-present.

The first five-character literati poem: Ban Gu's epic poem in the Eastern Han Dynasty

Zuo Si's Eight Poems about Epics

Write poems about history

The bottom of the gloomy ravine is loose, leaving seedlings on the mountain.

One inch in diameter, which can cover the 100 feet.

The world is tall and handsome.

Because of the terrain, the origin is not once.

Zhang Jin was born in the old Shang Dynasty, a seven-leaf marten.

Feng Gong is not great, but he doesn't know what to do with his white head.

Note: Yu Yu: The appearance of lush vegetation, separation and drooping. Zhou Shi (Wrinkle): the son of a nobleman in the halls. Zhang Jin: Huns (low) and Zhang Anshi were both nobles, and later generations were officials. Well, that's the explanation. Sable, the sable tail on the crown is decorated.

In the second quarter, the Tang Dynasty chanted history and cherished ancient poems

In Chen Ziang in the early Tang Dynasty, the representative writers in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Wang Wei, Li Bai and Du Fu, such as Li Bai's "Climbing Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace", Du Fu's "Book of Scholars" and "Eight Arrays". In the middle Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane, Xibaoshan Old Time and Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow. Li shangyin and du mu in late tang dynasty.

Chen Ziang, Yan Zhaowang

Go south to Jieshi Museum and see Huang Jintai.

The mountain is covered with trees, and Wang Zhao is here.

Now that the map is finished, bring the horse back.

Note: In 697, the Duke of Wu sent Wu Youyi, king of Jian 'an County, to levy troops in northern Khitan, and Chen Ziang served as army staff officer. Wu Youyi was born in a famous family and knew nothing about military affairs. Chen Ziang repeatedly put forward strange plans, but nobody paid attention to them. He was reprimanded and appointed as an army sergeant. The author wrote this poem because of the story of Yan Zhaowang's recruiting talents and talents to revitalize Yan State. Yan Zhaowang was in the Warring States Period.

"Go south to Jieshi Museum and look at Huang Jintai". Jieshi Museum, namely Jieshi Palace, was built in Yan Zhaowang. Zou Yan, a native, joined Yan and built Jieshi as his teacher. Huang Jintai was also built by Yan Zhaowang. Wang Zhao put gold on the stage, so he invited world heroes. A few days later, Le Yi and other saints were called.

The poet wrote two historical sites, which embodies Yan Zhaowang's desire to be a moral and polite person. From the two movements of "crawling" and "looking", we can see how much the poet yearns for the ancients! Of course, this is not simply thinking about ancient love. The reason why the poet praised the ancients so strongly is that he deeply felt the ups and downs of this world, which contained profound self-emotion.

The second sentence: "There are trees all over the mountains, and Wang Zhao is here" expresses the feelings of human vicissitudes. The poet looked at Huang Jintai from a distance and saw that the hills where the straight people were too uneven were covered with trees. Where did Yan Zhaowang go? This is a true description on the surface, but it places the poet's dissatisfaction with reality. Why did Le Yi get earth-shattering achievements in Yan State but fail to see outstanding achievements? These two sentences clearly say that "Wang Zhao" is missing, but in fact, it is the poet's complaint about comparing himself with Le Yi. It is also a feeling that the hero has nowhere to play at the wrong time. Although the work was written for Wu Youyi's "regardless of the overall situation", it was placed in a position that could not be ignored, thus showing the poet's heroism. In the end, the work ended with grief and painful thoughts: "It's time to dominate the map and drive the horse back." However, the generals sent by the imperial court are fatuous, which does not make people worry about the national luck. Therefore, the poet has to feel that it is difficult for him to "dominate the map" and national affairs will no longer be carried out. At the same time, in the face of the crisis, the poet's strategy of defending the country was not used, but was suppressed by Wu Youyi, which made people feel that the road ahead was boundless.

The word "capable" is deeply touched. This kind of "driving horses back to camp" is ostensibly a visit to the ancient times, but in fact it implies the meaning of seclusion. In the first year of Shen Gong (697), the Tang Dynasty ended the war with the Khitan, and soon after that, the poet also retired.

Brief analysis: this first visit to ancient poetry has no ornamentation and is full of the spirit restrained by heroes. Reading makes people blush. Du Fu said: "When the country is prosperous, Zi Ang begins to dance high." Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" said, "In the early Tang Dynasty, Liang Suicheng, Chen Ziang alone opened Yayuan." Chen Ziang's poems are unique.

In mid-spring, Yang Hefang got up.

Yanghe: heating in spring

Four seasons; throughout the year

Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography

In Yangchun Budeze, everything is brilliant.

Han Yuefu's Ancient Ci "Long Songs"

The wind in spring and during the day is fragrant.

Jin Yuefu's Ancient Ci "Three Golden Baiqi Dances"

In the spring of February and March, grass and water are the same color.

Yu Zhu, an ancient poem of Jin Yuefu.

In the Spring Festival Evening, there are green fields, Aritaka Iwao and white clouds.

Xiu: Beautiful. Tun: Stay and gather.

Xie Lingyun's Into the Lake Mouth of Peng Li in the Southern Song Dynasty

Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows become songbirds.

Songbirds: Songbirds have changed their species. Winter has gone and spring has come, and birds have changed.

Xie Lingyun's "Climbing the Pool Upstairs" in Southern Song Dynasty

Noisy birds cover Chunzhou, and miscellaneous English is full of Fangdian.

Fuchunzhou: a sandbar full of spring. Mixed English; All kinds of flowers. Fangdian: rural areas.

Nantiao's "Going to Sanshan Late and Looking to Beijing"

The news is that it will be sunny in Los Angeles, and the spring scenery will double next year.

Los Angeles: Luoyang. Windy days: spring scenery. Tao: Say.

Don Du Shen Yan's Spring in Beijing.

The bright sun on the sea is about to rise, and Jiangnan in the south of the Yangtze River is reviving. I saw an oriole flying in the warm air, and a green water plant was reflected by the sun.

Haishu: Sunrise at sea. Li Heliu in the wild in spring: Liu Mei crosses Jiang Lai, and spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Shu Qi: The warm breath of spring. Turn green apple wave: turn green apple grass in water. The meaning of four sentences is: rosy clouds rise to the sea with the rising sun, plum blossoms and green willows take the other side of the spring river, yellow birds sing in warm spring, and sunshine makes apples green.

Tang Du Shen Yan and Lu Cheng's Early Spring Journey in Jinling.

I don't know who to cut it for, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.

Tang and Zhang Zhi's "Chanting Willow": "Jasper weaves trees high, and thousands of threads hang down. I don't know who to cut it for. The spring breeze in February is like scissors. "

The flowers in the forest were swept away, but the grass was still alive.

Tang Meng Haoran's Search for Nine Fragrances in Happy Wang in Spring'

In February, the lake is clear and everyone sings in spring.

Tang's "King of Spring Music".

Before Wen Daochun met, he went to Han Mei for information.

Send Wang Hanyang in Early Spring by Tang Li Bai.

The cold notice was exhausted, and the spring breeze returned to the willow tree.

Tang Li Bai's Eight Poems of Palace Music

The east wind came back with spring and brought flowers from my branches.

Tang Li Bai's "Yi Shan Sunset Red"

knowledge

What is poetry?

The word "poem" is the abbreviation of the Book of Songs among the four books and five classics (poem, book, ceremony, book of changes, spring and autumn). The Book of Songs was originally called The Book of Songs, and was later regarded as a classic by Confucianism, so it was called The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. Poetry, originally sung with music, is also called "poetry", and later evolved into a literary genre without music.