"Design refers to planning, conceiving and setting up a scheme, and it also includes the meanings of imagery, drawing and shaping." The process of clothing design "is to conceive according to the requirements of the design object, draw the renderings and floor plans, and then make them according to the drawings, thus completing the whole design process".
But most fashion designers are concentrated in France and Britain ... famous Asian fashion designers are concentrated in Japan, and Japan has achieved great success in clothing especially in the 1980 s and 1990 s and even at the beginning of 2 1 century There are many large garment processing factories in China!
Although there are many fashion designers in China, most of them are only famous in China! The training goal of fashion art design major related to fashion design major: to train senior professionals who can engage in fashion and costume design, teaching and scientific research in enterprises, institutions, schools and scientific research units.
Training requirements of fashion art design: students should master the basic principles of Marxism; Familiar with the relevant principles, policies and regulations of China garment and textile industry development; Systematic theoretical knowledge of clothing and clothing design; Understand the test method of clothing eye performance, be good at learning China traditional clothing culture, and master and use modern clothing information at home and abroad; Have a high design level, strong technical production capacity and preliminary scientific research ability, and understand the new achievements and developments of this discipline; Have high cultural literacy and certain enterprise management ability; In mastering foreign language tools, we should have strong professional reading ability, certain listening ability and preliminary writing and speaking ability.
Main courses of costume art design: Chinese and foreign costume history, China national costume history, costume modeling technology, costume design foundation, fashion illustration technique, hairstyle and makeup, ergonomics, costume material technology, costume introduction, computer application, costume eye performance test, costume design, costume design, etc.
Practice link: organize students to participate in social investigation, enterprise practice and other practical activities in combination with teaching.
Length of study: four years.
Graduates are suitable to engage in clothing, clothing design and research in garment factories or clothing design units in light industry, textiles, commerce, foreign trade and other departments, and can also engage in clothing and clothing design teaching.
Degree awarded: Bachelor of Arts. How to become a fashion designer is not an easy task. You not only need to have a certain talent, but also know how to study and work hard for it in order to succeed.
First, we should pay attention to the collection and collation of professional materials and various information.
Although the design method of recycled clothes in clothing is very practical, it is difficult to get rid of the influence of other people's ideas and get innovation and transcendence from higher demand. Therefore, we need to get more extensive contact with all kinds of information outside our major, such as the achievements of scientific and technological development, the development trend of culture, the works of various artistic categories, and various thoughts and concepts existing in literature, philosophy and music, so as to broaden our knowledge, increase our knowledge, learn from others, and get more enlightenment from them, thus producing better ideas.
Second, we should be good at learning and improving through imitation.
Imitation is the essential feature of advanced life. I remember that American psychologists said that imitation, as one of human behavior patterns, is the result of learning. The use of imitation in the learning process, from the point of view of the behavior itself, should be regarded as a kind of plagiarism and the antonym of creation. It can't show how good its technology or ability is. However, it should be noted that many successful inventions or creations begin with imitation, and imitation should be regarded as a good learning method.
Third, we should constantly improve our aesthetic ability and establish our own aesthetic view.
Aesthetic ability, also known as "aesthetic ability". It refers to people's ability to understand and evaluate beauty, beautiful things and various aesthetic characteristics, that is, people must have sensibility, judgment, imagination and creativity when they analyze and evaluate various things and phenomena in nature and social life. As a designer, it is very important to cultivate and improve aesthetic ability. People with strong aesthetic ability can quickly discover beauty, capture the essential things hidden in the depths of aesthetic objects, and rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Only in this way can they create beauty and design beauty. It is difficult to form extraordinary talent only by relying on temporary spirituality and lacking the cultivation of acquired artistic accomplishment.
Fourth, make yourself sensitive as soon as possible.
The initial inspiration and clues of design creation often come from all aspects of life. Some things seem ordinary or insignificant, but they may contain many flashes. If designers turn a blind eye to them, can't find their existence and can't capture and use them in time, then many useful design materials will be missed.
5. Make yourself fashionable as soon as possible.
Although sometimes all fashionable things are not necessarily good and beautiful, designers must have an accepting attitude, not preconceived inertia thinking when dealing with new ideas and phenomena, and learn to put themselves in the shoes, accept and think, so that their design works can keep pace with the times and even lead the fashion.
Sixth, we should take the initiative to create practical opportunities for ourselves.
Fashion design is a practical subject. Only through continuous practice can we truly understand fashion, gain more direct experience and make really good and useful designs.
7. Learn to communicate, exchange and cooperate with others.
As a designer, we must establish a sense of teamwork and learn to communicate, exchange and cooperate with others. This kind of ability needs to be exercised and cultivated in school, and efforts should be made to make it a work habit, which is very beneficial to future work.
1, get familiar with the human body from learning to draw it.
2. After learning figure painting, learn the basic color relationship.
3, began to learn some clothing professional knowledge, starting with drawing style drawings.
After the above study, I have basically mastered the human body, color and style. Let's learn the effect diagram of human body wearing clothes.
5. Recommend two books, the basic book and the improved book of American classic fashion illustration techniques, and practice according to the above courses. I believe I can skillfully draw fashion illustrations through my own efforts.
6. Learn some knowledge of plate making, and make sure you know the craft of your clothes.
Here are some useful books:
Yu Qiang, Introduction to Fashion Design, 1st edition, Southwest Normal University Press, 2002.5438+0.
Pang Qi's Clothing Color, First Edition, China Light Industry Press 200 1.9
Xu Wen's Clothing Pattern Basis, first edition, Beijing Arts and Crafts Publishing House, June 2002.
The first edition of Color Composition Li Liting Hubei Fine Arts Publishing House 200 1. 10.
, Bao, Li Qing, Clothing Structure Design, 1st edition, China Textile Publishing House, March 2003.
Zhu Bao, the first edition of clothing production technology, China Textile Publishing House, March 2003.
(Japan) Fan Wenjiaqin, Institute of Culture and Fashion, translated "Lecture on Culture and Fashion-Original Text", China Light Industry Press, April 2000.
Wang Shouzhi compiled the first edition of History of World Clothing, which was published by China Youth Publishing House.
Be an excellent fashion designer;
First: I have a high attainments in clothing, a keen grasp of fashion and a strong insight!
Second: it is suitable for market demand and has a high market share!
Third: a good designer can complete the process from a set of creative design to making ready-made clothes by himself!
Fourth: be familiar with fabrics, which can be combined and matched in different ways!
Fifth: Have a comfortable and imaginative working environment!
Fashion designers should first love art and grasp fashion, and then have profound artistic attainments and solid painting skills. You should also have ideals-create your own unique artistic world, hope your dreams come true, be the first fashion concept, be a fashion explorer and trendsetter, have a special liking for clothes, and have a unique appreciation for ordinary noodles and accessories.
So what skills and knowledge should a fashion designer have? Some people think that clothing design is very simple, just look through pictorial and magazines, find a collar here, find a sleeve there, and make a patchwork of things, that's all; Some people think that as long as they can make clothes, they can engage in fashion design; Others think that as long as you can draw fashion illustrations, you can be a designer. In fact, the works of the first kind of "designers" are often a "hodgepodge" of irrelevant clothing parts; The second kind of "designer" is often bound by his own production skills and cannot adapt to the rapid development of market demand; The third kind of "designer" can only draw works. Because he doesn't know how to make it, most of the paintings can't be realized. It can be seen that the above three viewpoints are somewhat biased.
Fashion design should always learn from the successful works of predecessors and draw nutrition and design inspiration from excellent works, but it is by no means the same as piecing together and copying. Cutting technology is an important basis of clothing design and an important means to express design intention, but it does not mean that learning to cut clothes is equal to learning to design, just as learning to play the piano is not equal to learning to compose music, and learning to build walls is not equal to learning to design buildings. Fashion illustration, the person who can draw, just mastered a tool to express his design intention. As can be seen from the above garment design process, drawing design drawings is only the beginning of design in the whole design process. Those who don't know how to realize the design intent and only talk on paper can't survive in the fierce market competition. In fact, the "designer" who only draws fashion illustrations now can't find a job.
But the above three viewpoints illustrate the knowledge and skills that fashion design needs to master from one side. First, the designer's knowledge structure 1, the ability to learn from
Primitive learning is also called imitation, such as pious imitation (fear of others), competitive imitation (superiority), anxious imitation (being the same as others but not outdated), trinity imitation: direct imitation (children imitate adults, monkeys learn to smoke), indirect imitation (accumulation, summary, comparison, memory, etc.). ), creative imitation (choosing the best among the best, criticizing the rebellion) In fact, fashion design is the whole process of innovation and invention, bold design, bold transformation, bold and practical new technologies, new materials and new processes.
The conception stage of fashion design, to some extent, is actually the choice of style in the mind. Design is a kind of creation, but not an invention. There is no unprecedented design. Therefore, the design must learn from predecessors.
This is especially true for clothing design, because the changing process of clothing is continuous and uninterrupted, and every kind of clothing is on the road of the changing history of human clothing culture, which is a link between the past and the future. To learn from our predecessors, we should learn and study their achievements and experiences with an open mind. As far as clothing design is concerned, the first thing to learn is the history of clothing, because if you want to accurately grasp the current fashion in design, you must understand the past changes of clothing and master the laws of change. If we want to surpass our predecessors in design, we must first learn their historical experience and traditional skills. We should not only learn the clothing history of China, but also learn the clothing history of the West, and also learn the existing national costumes around the world. Especially for us in China, if we want to catch up with the advanced countries in the world in design and truly connect with the international community, we should not only know our own history, but also try to understand the changes of western clothing (because the popularity of international clothing and the changes of western clothing are in the same strain). In this way, in the face of various international fashions, we will have our own opinions and opinions when we absorb and learn from them, instead of blindly copying them.
In addition, pay attention to the breadth of reference. In addition to ancient and modern Chinese and foreign costume culture, we should also try our best to dabble in and learn from other fields. Because clothing is a comprehensive cultural phenomenon, involving all fields of social science and natural science. The job of a designer is very complicated. He should not only grasp the local historical trend and market changes at that time, but also know the strength of himself and his competitors like the back of his hand. He should also have the ability and strength to organize production, realize his design intention and bring profits to the enterprise. Therefore, designers should have extensive literacy and rich experience, love life, be interested in everything and have strong curiosity. In this way, when designing ideas, we can broaden our ideas and learn from them widely. Only by "standing on the shoulders of giants" can we design works that are higher than those of our predecessors. This is the importance of reference.
2, the ability of design
Forecast → information collection → planning → development planning → design and production → sales → information feedback → summary. (Back and forth) Design is a creative process. After having a good idea, the next step is how to complete and realize it. Drawing design ideas on paper is not the completion of design, but the beginning of design. Clothing design renderings are one of the visual manifestations of design creativity, and whether this design creativity can be realized needs to be explored by using specific clothing materials and using certain cutting and production techniques. Therefore, as a designer, if you don't know anything about the performance of materials, cutting methods and manufacturing processes, your ideas are definitely irrelevant. You often see that many design renderings are beautiful, but they can't be made, or even if they are barely made, they can't be worn out (or they can't be worn out because they don't think about opening their mouths, or they can't move, walk, lift their arms or bend their backs).
It can be seen that it is not only necessary but also essential for designers to master the basic skills of cutting and making. In fact, many design skills and feelings are not on paper, but in the actual process of plate making, cutting and sewing. The so-called "lines" and "shapes" in clothing are not lines and shapes on paper, but lines and shapes in three-dimensional space. This feeling can only be improved in the actual combat training in three-dimensional space. Whether it is a senior fashion designer in Paris or a designer in a general fashion enterprise, in addition to expressing their design intentions in the form of painting, they mainly grasp the design in the three-dimensional fashion modeling. Therefore, plate-making, cutting and production technology are compulsory courses for students in training design talents, whether it is a clothing school affiliated to the Paris Haute Couture Association, FIT (new york Fashion Institute) in new york, or Japanese Institute of Culture and Fashion.
3. Deep artistic attainments
Fashion design is not only a product design, but also an artistic creation. Therefore, extensive artistic accomplishment is very important for fashion designers. Chris Qiang, a senior French fashion designer who was once known as the "king of fashion"? 6? 1 Dior is a fashion master who combines architecture, painting and music. His disciple Yves? 6? 1 saint? 6? 1 Laurent is also an artistic genius, from St. 6? In 1 Laurent's works, we can see that his design inspiration comes from a wide range, and we can feel the influence of contemporary artists: passionate Spanish style, colorful Russian sentiment, simple and bold African style, dignified and distinctive China style, as well as classic velazquez wedding dress, lively Picasso style, simple and lively mondriaan cold abstract art and pop art, all of which have a unique application and play in his works. Issey Miyake, Golz Al, Mugly and other design masters who are active in the international fashion stage are also outstanding artists. The profound artistic attainments determine the infinite creativity of designers.
4. Rich market experience, such as flour and accessories market: domestic and foreign fabrics and accessories markets in this region.
Information market: fashion information, fashion trends, designer manuscripts. Clothing market: brand, wholesale and retail. Clothing market: jewelry, accessories, beauty and skin care. Production market: production, washing, clothing, printing and dyeing, printing, etc.
As a product design, the effect of fashion design is not judged by an expert, but tested by the market. Therefore, it will be very dangerous for designers to know nothing about the target market they serve, because their designs may not be recognized by the market after they are put into production, resulting in a backlog, which will bring huge economic losses to enterprises and even make them close down. Designers should maintain their own personality and unique design style, but this does not mean ignoring market demand. Unlike painters, designers can't be narcissistic. They must always pay attention to the new trends in the market. On the basis of maintaining their own design style, they must stand in the position of consumers and manage every detail in place in order to be invincible in the fierce market competition. 1, painting foundation and modeling ability
Drawing foundation and modeling ability are one of the basic skills of fashion designers. Of course, there are some former design masters who can't draw, but he needs to be more outstanding in other aspects. However, if some people can't express their design ideas well through painting even after systematic study and training in school, it will bring great difficulties to their creation.
Only with a good painting foundation, can we accurately express the designer's creative ideas in the form of painting through the expressive ability of design modeling, and on the other hand, we can better appreciate the rhythmic beauty and rhythmic beauty of clothing modeling in the process of design and painting, thus giving designers inspiration.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Bauhaus once put forward that "the purpose of design is people, not products", especially clothing itself is the external covering of human body, which is closely related to human body. As a designer, only by having an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the proportional structure of the human body can we better express the beauty of the human body in three dimensions, which is the basis of design.
2. Rich imagination
Creativity and imagination are the wings of fashion designers. No matter how good the skills of designers are, they can only be called craftsmen or tailors, not the real design market. The essence of design is creation, and participation itself contains innovation and unique significance. Flowers, birds and trees in nature, decorative objects around us/rich national and folk themes, music, dance, poetry, literature and even modern lifestyle can give us good inspiration and design inspiration. For thousands of years, in the long history of clothing, it is precisely because of the rich imagination and original spirit of our predecessors that we have left us rich and precious wealth.
In the history of western fashion design, those famous iconic fashion designers are ingenious in redesign with their unique creativity and imagination. Especially in 1930s, Shapiro Reilly, an influential Italian female designer, designed her shoes as a button on her head and her pocket as a drawer. Her rich imagination, humorous image and bold and unique design style are highly praised by future generations.
3. Mastery of styles, colors and fabrics
Style, color and fabric of clothing are the three basic elements of clothing design.
The style of clothing is the external contour modeling and component detail modeling of clothing, and it is the basis of design change. The external contour modeling consists of the length and latitude of the garment, including waist line, skirt length, shoulder width, hem looseness and other elements. The most common contour shapes are "A", "X", T, H, O and so on. The external contour modeling of clothing forms the lines of clothing, which directly determines the popularity of styles. The modeling of parts details refers to the design of collars, sleeves, pockets, cutting structures and even pleats, zippers and buttons.
The color change of clothing is the most striking part in the design. The color of clothing is the easiest to express the design feeling and is easily accepted by consumers. Hot red, hearty yellow, quiet blue, holy pendulum, simple gray and hard black, each clothing color has rich emotional representation, giving people rich connotation association. In addition, color has the feeling of light, strong, cold, soft and hard. Of course, color can also remind us of taste and smell.
Mastering and using the characteristics of clothing fabrics is an important condition for immature designers. Designers should first understand the differences between the thickness, softness, smoothness and smoothness of fabrics, and carefully understand the differences between styles and brands through different drape, luster, clarity, heaviness and different elasticity and drape of fabrics, and use them flexibly in design.
The perfect combination of fabrics with different textures and textures can better show the designer's artistic foundation and taste. The various shapes of clothing styles are not only shown in the design drawings, but also realized by different fabrics and cutting techniques. Only by mastering and using fabric design skillfully can we be handy.
The style, color and fabric of clothing are indispensable, which is the basic knowledge that designers must master. The mastery and application of basic knowledge such as styles, colors and fabrics can also reflect a designer's aesthetic taste, taste and artistic skill to a certain extent.
4. Understand structural design, cutting and sewing.
The study of structural design and cutting technology is also the basic knowledge that fashion designers must master. Structural design is a part of style design, and all kinds of shapes of clothing are actually completed by cutting and changing the size itself. If you don't understand the fabric, structure and cutting, the design can only be "an armchair strategist". Don't think that structural design and cutting in the company are the business of printing masters. A designer who can only draw pictures but can't print is definitely not a perfect and mature designer. Without understanding the pattern and structural changes, the design will be unreasonable, immature and even impossible to achieve.
Students in schools often encounter such problems. Because they can't make a pattern yet, they can only ask the master to make a pattern of the clothes participating in the competition, but what they draw is an effect, which is completely out of shape and can't achieve the desired effect. It can be seen that the board itself directly determines the shape and overall effect of clothing. In the 20th century, many masters directly started with the cutting and structure of clothing, and regarded these as very important design languages, such as Valencia Card, Longman, Vionett, Sanben Yaosi and so on. We can see that the structural design of clothing is rich in connotation and unique in expression, and its deep, implicit and unobtrusive style is worth savoring. If we are not proficient in cutting and structural design, our appreciation of the works will only stay on the surface, and the design can only be an empty shelf, which cannot stand scrutiny and inspection.
Sewing is also the key to fashion design, and all kinds of sewing skills and methods we don't know will also affect our study of structural design and cutting. The way and effect of sewing are also part of the design. Different sewing methods can produce different appearance effects and even special texture effects. Some designers use "sewing effect" as a design language to try new effects, which is very popular in sincere design. This requires designers to be familiar with all kinds of processing equipment and special parts of garment sewing in the garment industry, and familiar with the processing technology of knitting and weaving, so as to be handy in design and application.
5. Understand the theory and history of fashion design.
The primary stage of fashion design is to master some basic technologies and skills. A successful fashion designer should have a design mind and keen creative thinking. It is not enough to master the basic skills and draw beautiful renderings. At present, clothing design majors in art colleges have set up clothing theory courses. Through these courses, students can learn about Chinese and foreign art history, design history, costume history and costume aesthetics, at the same time, they can broaden their horizons, broaden their design ideas and stimulate their design inspiration.
In particular, learning the history of Chinese and foreign clothing development, its long-standing clothing evolution can provide us with a lot of design inspiration. Ancient Egyptian style, ancient Greek style, Gothic style, Baroque style and Rococo style can be seen everywhere in the works of modern fashion masters. Only by understanding the history of Chinese and western clothing development and the evolution of modern clothing can we base ourselves on modernity in the history of design and predict the future. Understanding the historical changes of Chinese and western clothing will also help you understand the differences between Chinese and western clothing, and the city itself will understand how to face western clothing as an oriental fashion designer, how to embody national style in design, and how to win a place on the world clothing stage.
6. Master the history of clothing development in the 20th century and master the style.
It is a shortcut to become a fashion designer to understand and master the history of fashion development and the styles of masters in the 2nd century. From CHANNEL in the early 20th century to Gariano in the early 20th century, every designer left us with eternal beauty in the history of clothing: elegant and romantic low-waisted skirt with suspenders in the 1920s and 1930s; Elegant and rich high fashion in 1950s; Rebellious and weird hippie/punk costumes in the sixties and seventies; In the 1980 s, broad shoulders and loose masculine professional women's wear; Charming lace and perspective clothing in the 1990s ... Only by studying the development history of clothing in the 20th century can we understand the design style and artistic expression of the masters of that era and learn from our own clothing design.
In the 1980 s and 1990 s, German design master Carl? 6? 1 Lagerfeld is the chief designer of Channel Company. In order to reverse the predicament of channel companies at that time and inject new vitality into them, Carl? 6? 1 Lagerfeld first became familiar with the design style of Chanel brand, allowing him to write one silently and explain every style in the decades-old history of the channel. After fully understanding the channel style and design history, Carl? 6? 1 Lagerfeld changed the dullness of channel clothing, and introduced pastel sexy channel clothing in the 1990s, which revived the channel clothing and won the love of young women again, thus restoring the vitality of the past channel brand.
It can be seen that every designer has to make considerable efforts to make the designed works recognized and successful.
7. Understand marketing and consumer psychology.
A successful designer must first succeed in the market and standardize his design style and route according to the brand positioning of the enterprise. Carl. 6? 1 Lagerfeld is also the chief designer of three internationally renowned brands such as Chanel, Fendi and Crowe. When planning and designing for each brand, he takes the brand positioning as the criterion and publicizes three different brand styles, which is called "genius designer".
Fashion designers should finally show their value in the market. Only by truly understanding the purchasing psychology of the market and consumers can we grasp the real market popularity (not the rational trend promulgated in fashion magazines). The perfect combination of design and technology, with appropriate marketing channels, will be transformed into commodities through sales and accepted by consumers, truly reflecting its value, and then the whole process of fashion design can be successfully completed.
The difference between young designers who have just stepped out of school and mature fashion designers is that the former lacks sufficient understanding and experience in the market. As a novice, you should be familiar with all kinds of work in the shortest time after graduation, including brand style, market positioning, general situation of competitive brands, changes in fashion design styles with different positioning every season, fashion differences in different cities, and the acceptance of fashion and fashion by target consumers. You should also know when, how and at what price to launch a new product. After these practices and experiences, you can become a "master" of fashion design.
As a clothing major, clothing colleges should renew their ideas, emancipate their minds and run schools. Designers can be integrated with the business community, and teaching should be combined with enterprises, markets and brands to train students' practical operation ability. In order to achieve this goal, I have greatly adjusted the design course of the fourth grade of clothing major in Shenzhen University Art College. The content of the course is completely the job requirements of designers in clothing companies, from brand research, positioning analysis, design scheme to style introduction, price positioning, marketing scheme, etc., so that students can be familiar with every work detail of clothing companies in advance, and the "running-in period" that students face when they participate in social work after graduation can be completed in school in advance.
At the same time, designers, as a fashionable profession, are yearned for by most people, and the signing of contracts between designers and enterprises, various press conferences and expositions have attracted much media attention. However, behind this prosperity, some young designers have some misunderstandings. They think this is the only way for fashion designers to succeed. They think that the designer's job is to make a fashion show and stand on the runway holding flowers to accept congratulations. In fact, designers should pay close attention to market changes, constantly study and predict market trends, and accurately grasp the positioning and style of the company's brand, because this is related to the future and development of the entire clothing company, and even the fate.