Grasping the new stage of development and building a new pattern of development, in the final analysis, we must put the new development concept through the whole development process and all fields. The new development concept adheres to the people-centered development thought and value position, further clarifying and reaffirming the value orientation and demands of contemporary China development.
Take the people's thoughts and aspirations as the focus of development, and the people's expectations for a better life as the highest goal, so that the development achievements can truly be transformed into people's sense of gain, happiness and security. Under the guidance of this concept, innovation and development aim to create a better quality of life for the people; Coordinate development so that people of different regions and nationalities can keep up with the pace of national development; Green development is to respond to people's pursuit of a better life by forming a harmonious development between man and nature; Open development allows people to share the dividends brought about by economic globalization on a larger scale and at a higher level; * * * Enjoying development is the essential development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the field of development. Is it to truly achieve the long-term goal of 2035? All the people have made more obvious and substantial progress? Requirements.
The new development concept is dedicated to solving the problem of how to develop, which embodies the scientific adherence to the development law in the new development stage of contemporary China from a big country to a powerful country, and the development consciousness of scientifically adapting to changes, actively seeking changes, gestating opportunities in crises and opening up new opportunities in changes under the background of weak world economic recovery.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward such issues as coordinating development and security, better combining effective market with promising government, and adhering to the principle of systematic view, which can be regarded as the creative persistence and innovative application of the new development concept in the new development stage, dialectically handling the relationship between development and security, government and market, adhering to a national chess game, and adhering to forward-looking, overall, strategic and holistic development, thus establishing our basic ideas and working methods for realizing new development in the new stage.
Article 2 The Proposal of the Central Committee on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals in 2035 (hereinafter referred to as the "Proposal"), which was deliberated and adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, closely focuses on building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and emphasizes? Adhere to the concept that clear water and green mountains are priceless assets, promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development, and build a modernization in which man and nature live in harmony? . At present, the victory of building a well-off society in an all-round way is in sight, the people's demand for a better life is increasingly extensive, and the requirements for environment and safety are constantly improving. ? Fourteen or five? During this period, we should make a good start for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, speed up the filling of the shortcomings in the following aspects, fundamentally improve the ecological environment, and basically achieve the goal of building a beautiful China.
Coordinate the coordinated development of resources, environment and ecology and comprehensively promote it? Fourteen or five? Ecological civilization construction in the period. ? Thirteenth Five-Year Plan? During this period, China intensified pollution prevention and control, and achieved remarkable results in promoting resource conservation and intensive utilization, comprehensive environmental management, and improving ecological security mechanisms. Taking the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency as an example, in 20 19, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP and industrial added value decreased from 8 1 m3 and 52.8 m3 in 20 16 to 60.8 m3 and 38.4 m3 respectively, and the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland increased from 0.542 to 0.559. However, at present, the synergy among resource conservation, environmental governance and ecological protection has not been fully exerted. In fact, comprehensive environmental management is an inevitable requirement for ecological protection and restoration. Only by combining the strategic planning of the three fields can we better promote the construction of ecological civilization as a whole. The "proposal" revolves around? Promote green development and harmony between man and nature? Specific requirements are put forward from four aspects: accelerating green and low-carbon development, continuously improving environmental quality, improving ecosystem quality and stability, and comprehensively improving resource utilization efficiency. All localities should pay attention to improving the position and proportion of resource conservation, environmental governance and ecological construction in policy design, pay more attention to the concept of system, coordinate the source management of resources, environment and ecology, and accelerate the formation of an ecological civilization construction pattern that improves resource utilization efficiency, controls environmental pollution and protects ecosystems.
Broaden the function of ecosystem and innovate the form of ecological products. Is it possible to transform ecological resources into ecological products with both economic and social benefits through market-oriented operation? Green mountains and green waters? Where to? Jinshan Yinshan? An important way of transformation. Facing the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, people have higher requirements and more expectations for the environment, and need to further improve the quantity and quality of ecological products supply. In recent years, the market of ecological products in China has expanded rapidly. First of all, the number of green eco-product certification has increased rapidly. From 2005 to 20 19, taking green food as an example, the total number of certified products increased from 9728 to 36345, with an average annual growth rate of1901; Second, eco-cultural products are developing vigorously. Take Anji, Zhejiang as an example, what is its supporting force? Clear water and lush mountains are priceless wealth? In 20 19, the total income of the cultural and tourism integration industry shaped by the advantages of the birthplace of ideas reached 38.824 billion yuan; Third, the ecological real estate market is expanding. Since 2003, Fujian has continuously deepened the reform of forest right, and has now established a forest right mortgage loan system with a term of up to 30 years and a monthly interest rate of less than 0.6%. However, the utilization and integration of ecological resources by China's economic industries are not perfect, and the material, cultural and regulatory functions of the ecosystem have not been fully exerted, so the innovative development potential of ecological products is huge. To tap the diversified functions of the ecosystem and innovate the forms of ecological products, we should fully rely on a good environment to inject products? Green ecological characteristic culture? And other connotations to enhance the added value of products and services. We should actively explore effective ways to transform ecological resources into ecological capital. Taking forest carbon sink trading as an example, taking forest carbon emissions as the trading object, accelerating the establishment of carbon asset management department not only broadens the financing channels of the project, but also realizes the preservation and appreciation of ecological assets and maintains the stability of the ecosystem.
Deepen the reform of the property right system of ecological resources and strengthen the market-oriented foundation of ecological products. Although China's eco-product market norms have initially taken shape, there are still some restrictive factors. First, the boundary of ecological property rights is unclear; first, the nature of natural resources such as air and water determines that their property rights cannot be accurately defined; Second, there are disputes over the income groups of state-owned natural resources, which makes it difficult to define the boundary of property rights, hinders the transformation of ecological resources into ecological assets, and further affects the transformation of ecological resources into economic benefits. Second, there is a lack of a mature and unified market system: first, the certification standard system of ecological products is not perfect, and the information asymmetry between the supply and demand sides of ecological products is obvious; Second, because it is difficult to unify the price standards of ecological products, the current ecological virtual property rights such as forest right, water right and carbon emission right have always been separated from each other and become self-contained, so it is very difficult to standardize the ecological product market and the market systematization process is slow. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the property right system of ecological resources, confirm and empower the rural land contractual management right, homestead use right, farm house ownership, forest right, water right and other natural resources property rights, and strive to? The mountain is bounded, the tree has the right, and the land is proved? Lay a foundation for the transformation of ecological resources into ecological assets. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish a perfect eco-product certification standard system, strengthen the management of eco-product labels, guide and supervise the production process of eco-products, and promote the improvement of eco-product quality; Standardize the market standards of ecological products, maintain the standardized market order of ecological products, and guide the market consumption of ecological products.
Expand the coverage of ecological compensation and improve the standard of ecological compensation. At present, the coverage of ecological compensation in China has increased in an orderly way, from a single natural forest to water, mountains, farmland and other fields. However, the standard of ecological compensation needs to be unified urgently, and there is a lack of scientific definition and unified standard in the definition of compensation subject, compensation method, compensation fund source and quantity. Therefore, first, we should unify the standards of ecological compensation beneficiaries, change the current situation that most ecological compensation beneficiaries stay at the government level, and include residents in the scope of ecological compensation beneficiaries. Second, we must unify the standards of ecological compensation methods. At present, the ecological compensation in China is mainly based on a single financial payment. If the standards of ecological compensation methods cannot be unified, it will further increase the risk of social funds entering the ecological compensation system, thus hindering the orderly innovation of ecological compensation methods and leading to the dilemma of single source of ecological compensation funds. Third, unify the standards of ecological compensation funds, speed up the construction of an ecosystem ecological value accounting system, unify the national ecosystem ecological value accounting standards, reduce the arbitrariness of compensation funds, and enhance the fairness of the ecological compensation system. By formulating a unified beneficiary, method and accounting standard of ecological compensation funds, the incentive effect of ecological compensation funds on ecological protection and construction will be further enhanced on the basis of ensuring the subsidy nature of ecological compensation funds.
Broaden the enjoyment radius of ecosystem and encourage public green behavior. Ecosystem is an irreplaceable public product in human survival and development, and its construction, maintenance and benefits should be shared by the whole society. ? Fourteen or five? In the meantime, we should focus on exploring the channels of social participation in the ecosystem and establish and improve the ecosystem. Green mountains and green waters? Social * * Jianping and? Jinshan Yinshan? Social * * * enjoy the platform. To build a socialist modern country in an all-round way, only by constantly rallying social forces can more potential ecological environment resources be transformed into greater economic and social benefits, and a good ecological environment become the growth point of people's better life, the support point of sustained and healthy economic and social development, and the launching point of showing China's good image.
Rule number three? One old and one young? It affects hundreds of millions of families and has a far-reaching impact on the whole cycle of a better life. Put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee? Implement a national strategy to actively respond to the aging population? It can provide practical guarantee for the people's better life, all-round development and common prosperity of all people to make more obvious substantive progress.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to providing for the elderly. In recent years, the formulation and implementation of the long-term plan for the country to actively deal with the aging population, as well as the timely revision of the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC), are all related to? One old and one young? Our laws and policies are improving day by day, and the service system is constantly being established and improved, which has effectively promoted the livelihood and well-being of the elderly, children and their families. It should also be noted that when we are about to enter the new process of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, the problem of insufficient imbalance in the development of old-age services in China is becoming more and more prominent.
First, the responsibilities of local governments are unclear, and offside and absence coexist. Some places are keen on high-end projects, and the old-age real estate projects that attract investment are in the name of old-age care, and there is no service. Individual early education projects violate laws and regulations, encouraging signs. Some places? One old and one young? The work still stays at the level of protecting traditional welfare objects. Except for the urban and rural poor elderly, orphans and actually unattended children, it is difficult for a large number of social elderly and children to enjoy old-age care services.
Second, the inclusive service is insufficient, and the structural contradiction between supply and demand is very prominent. On the one hand, with the victory of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the income of urban and rural families and the elderly has increased, but it is still difficult to buy safe and affordable services. On the other hand, the potential demand in the pension market is huge and consumption is growing rapidly, but the return on investment in the industry is still low, and most institutions are at a loss. The middle-income group is short of services. Sandwiches? The problem is outstanding.
Third, the effect of traditional policies is weak, and it is difficult for pension institutions to raise funds. ? One old and one young? Places that focus on local affairs, pay attention to people's livelihood and have strong financial resources are usually places where the development of old-age services is better; One-sided pursuit of GDP figures, the weak public finance foundation of the old-age care services generally lag behind. In the past, the effect of the policy model, which was mainly driven by investment and supplemented by loan support, is weakening, and it is urgent to explore new policy paths.
Fourth, the family ability is weakened, and it is difficult to fulfill the main responsibility. The family should be the first responsible subject to support the elderly and take care of children, but the performance of responsibility needs the support of ability. Are there old people in the world? Are there young people in the world? Dual-income families are usually unbearable. The trend of miniaturization of family size and weakening of ability will objectively increase the risk of families not performing their duties correctly.
Fifth, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 has a great impact, and the service mode does not meet the new requirements. Under strict prevention and control, the home visits, volunteer services and other activities of the old-age care institutions once pressed the pause button, and the old-age care institutions had to suspend business. In the next step, it is urgent to explore new service methods that meet the requirements of normalized epidemic prevention and control.
Recently, the 16th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Old-age Care, and formulated a series of new measures to respond to social hotspots and open up policy blockages, which provided new solutions to the above problems. At present, we should be guided by the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee and take the implementation of the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population as the path to provide assistance for a better life and a new development pattern.
With the service list as the carrier, clear government responsibilities. Formulate a list of national basic old-age services as a reference for governments at all levels. One old and one young? The basic responsibility of keeping the basics and keeping the bottom line of the field. Guide local governments to make efforts nationwide according to the level of development and public financial resources? Prescribed action? Do what you can on the basis? Optional action? . In places with good basic conditions and strong social needs, we can explore the establishment of a list of inclusive old-age services to benefit more elderly people and children.
Focus on venues and facilities to reduce service costs. Fully tap the supply potential of land, houses and facilities, and use big data to sort out all kinds of space resources that can be used for old-age services, especially inefficient land parcels, commercial facilities, community houses and policy houses. And release relevant information to the society to minimize the hardware cost of old-age services.
Strengthen financing support with central investment as the model. We will continue to implement special actions such as linking urban enterprises with universal pension and supporting social forces to develop universal pension, strengthen investment support within the central budget, and more effectively drive local investment and social capital to enter. Comprehensive use of unemployment insurance funds, occupational security and training subsidies to provide policy assistance to pension institutions seriously affected by the epidemic. Explore the use of funds, loans, bonds and other financial instruments to broaden the normal financing channels of pension institutions.
Supported by capacity building, help families do their duty. Strengthen the basic position of family pension and child care with improving family development ability as an important starting point and realization way, focus on professional care ability, and rely on urban and rural grassroots and Internet platforms to carry out family guidance services. Provide support for the long-term care of the disabled and demented elderly and family members of disabled children through the government's purchase of services.
Guided by the innovation of business forms, develop new services. Explore the in-depth application of technologies such as the Internet and big data in pension products, and provide intelligent and intelligent services. Promote beneficial experiences such as the development of Internet platforms for old-age care institutions, and promote them under the conditions of normalized epidemic prevention and control? One old and one young? Related services continued to develop healthily.
Article 5 The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee will? Take new steps in reform and opening up? , push? A new system of higher-level open economy has basically taken shape? As? Fourteen or five? The main goal of economic and social development during this period shows that China will adhere to the concept of open development and will open the door under the once-in-a-century great change. Is it getting bigger? Determination and concentration. Facing the complicated and changeable development environment, it is an inevitable choice to accelerate the transformation from quantitative and scale opening to quality and institutional opening.
Since the reform and opening up, China has created a miracle of the growth of industrialization in emerging powers, and China's economic development model has won wide attention and universal recognition from the international community. Looking back on the development process in the past 40 years, the basic experience of China's opening to the outside world lies in following the general direction and logic of historical progress, giving full play to its comparative advantages and gradually releasing it? Promoting reform and development through opening up? China's institutional dividend has injected lasting impetus and vitality into economic growth and structural transformation, and promoted the overall improvement of its industrial competitiveness and international division of labor. Nowadays, China's economy has been firmly embedded in the world economic system. As one of the strongest driving forces of world economic growth, the major measures of reform and opening up launched by China will have far-reaching impact and diversified spillover effects, which requires us to actively explore new opening models with a broader vision, promote the deep integration of China's economy with the world economy, and make contributions to the development of human civilization.
In the new era, great changes have taken place in the external environment and internal conditions facing China's opening up. From the international situation, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has developed in depth, and the dynamic mechanism of globalization evolution has accelerated from capital and cost to knowledge and innovation. Enter the forefront of innovative countries? Provides a strategic opportunity. However, the impact of the new industrial revolution on the current global economic growth and its? Creative effect? Before the COVID-19 epidemic was completely exposed, its unilateralism and protectionism had a serious impact on the world economy. In the long run, trade and investment liberalization is the main tone of globalization, but the historical evolution of globalization is a spiral process. Under the epidemic situation, the global supply chain is partially broken, and the international division of labor system and integrated production network have exposed their inherent fragility.
From the domestic development conditions, on the one hand, with the improvement of scientific and technological strength and the rapid accumulation of capital, China, as the world's largest manufacturing country and a big country in goods trade, is no longer limited to undertaking international industrial transfer, but climbs to the higher end of the global value chain with its increasingly enhanced domestic supporting capacity, more perfect industrial system and increasingly active innovation activities. In frontier fields and emerging industries such as 5G and artificial intelligence, China has begun to have the ability to compete with developed countries, and the network economy is in a leading position in the world. On the other hand, in recent years, the prices of domestic labor, energy, land and other factors have risen, and the traditional comparative advantage of China has weakened. In the international market, it is subject to two-way competition between high value-added products and services in developed countries and low-cost production in developing countries. Squeeze at both ends? The contribution of exports to GDP has obviously declined, so it is urgent to accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in international competition. It is particularly noteworthy that some fields with low cost, little impact and relatively easy to gather knowledge are gradually opening up, and some departments have experienced deepening reform and opening up? Glass door ceiling? . ? Take new steps in reform and opening up? Is it to attack these deep-seated contradictions and problems, to attack the system and mechanism? Pain point blocking point? Treating both the symptoms and root causes requires not only opening new ideas and new models, but also mutual promotion and coordinated promotion of reform and opening up.
China has a strong economic resilience, a flexible industrial system, a huge domestic market and a vibrant new format. These outstanding advantages are China's outstanding advantages in facing the complicated international situation, maintaining domestic reform, development and stability, and coping with the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. China's economic development achievements in the past 40-odd years have been achieved under open conditions. In the future, the high-quality development of China's economy will also be promoted in a more open institutional environment.
Opening to the outside world is the only way for China to persist in peaceful development and move towards the rejuvenation of a big country, and it is also an important way to build a unified destiny of mankind. Focus on achieving it in 2035? A new pattern of opening to the outside world has taken shape, and the new advantages of participating in international economic cooperation and competition have been significantly enhanced? Strategic goal? Fourteen or five? During the period, we should persist in opening to the outside world in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level, further improve the negative list management mechanism, substantially relax market access conditions, aim at market demand hotspots, and increase the investment attraction in digital economy and intelligent manufacturing fields such as artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, e-commerce, network services and smart logistics, so as to better serve the digitalization of the real economy, green transformation and domestic consumption upgrading. In view of the shortcomings of the current national reserve system, multinational companies are encouraged to invest in emergency materials, digital medical care, high-end robots and other related fields to strengthen multi-channel technology, production capacity and talent reserve. Summarize and refine the experience of free trade zone construction, effectively replicate and promote, and continuously improve the level of trade and investment facilitation. Accelerate the implementation of the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port", plan scientifically, absorb wisdom, build Hainan into a free trade port with China characteristics and an important gateway to opening up, and form a new demonstration and new impetus as soon as possible. Coordinate domestic opening up and opening up to the outside world, constantly optimize the business environment, and remove obstacles for factor marketization. Participate in global governance in the fields of climate change, prevention and control of major public safety incidents in a more open and responsible manner, and actively carry out international coordination in the fields of energy transformation, ecological environmental protection, green development, disaster reduction and poverty alleviation, and emergency management. Belt and Road? High quality development. Taking the WTO reform as an opportunity, we advocate the promotion of negotiations on issues such as intellectual property protection, cross-border electronic commerce and service trade, lead the innovation and reform of trade rules in the digital age, lead the reconstruction of the value chain in the Asia-Pacific region, and strive to form international knowledge and multilateral norms to safeguard the security of the global industrial chain supply chain.
Outlook? Fourteen or five? To open up new areas of open development, build a new open portal, build a new platform for open cooperation, establish a new security early warning mechanism, and build a new global governance system, we should take a multi-pronged approach to establish and improve a new open economic system with a higher level, so as to effectively support a socialist modern economic system with greater openness, wider open fields, higher open quality, greater openness, inclusiveness and better openness and security, and create a new pattern of mutual benefit and win-win.