1. There are four main modes of family therapy. 2. The basic concept of family therapy. 3. What is family therapy? What kind of cases are suitable for family treatment? 4. What is the significance of family therapy? 5, counseling ethics, family therapy 6, family therapy experts suggest that there are four main modes of family therapy, as follows:

1. Structured family therapy model

This treatment model focuses on the family structure such as organization, relationship, role and power execution, and uses various specific methods to correct the problems in the family structure and promote the improvement of family functions. For example, the self-boundaries between family members are unclear, and there is no independent role, just like a "mixture" stuck together. Family image sculpture technology can be used to help family members understand their rights, obligations and roles, and the focus of treatment is to establish appropriate boundaries between family members. If the role-playing among family members is improper or even reversed, including between husband and wife, parents, parents, children or compatriots, the focus of treatment should be the correction of role-playing, especially the triangular conflict and complex between parents and children, which should be corrected and improved. The way of communication between members, the distribution and implementation of power and the closeness of emotions are all problems in family structure and the key points to improve family functions.

2. Behavioral family therapy model

Behavioral family therapy focuses on the observable behaviors among family members, that is, establishing specific goals and progress of behavior improvement, making full use of learning principles, giving appropriate rewards and punishments, and promoting the improvement of family behavior.

3. Strategic family therapy model

This model is characterized by a dynamic understanding of the nature of family problems, the establishment of a set of step-by-step handling strategies, the change of basic cognitive problems, and the change of family problems in a hierarchical manner. For example, an adult child still depends on his mother and cannot cope with social stimuli independently. The treatment strategy should focus on how to help his mother "put down" his children without feeling uneasy and reluctant; Then discuss why the father didn't play his due role to help his wife educate his children. We can also shift the focus of treatment to the role played by parents or the emotional problems between husband and wife, and solve the problem that wives focus on their children because of marital discord, and subconsciously hope that children will accompany them forever to make up for the psychological emptiness. Strategic family therapy is to understand the ins and outs of all this and formulate treatment steps and strategies.

4. Analyze the family therapy mode

Based on psychoanalysis, this model understands the deep psychological and behavioral motives of family members and the development of parent-child relationship, focusing on understanding and improving the emotional expression, satisfaction and desire of family members and promoting their psychological growth.

The basic concept of family therapy Minochin started his family therapy career in the early 1960s. At that time, he found that there were two patterns of families with problems: some families were entangled and confused, and they were closely related to each other; The other family is separated, isolated and seemingly unrelated. Both types of families lack a clear line of rights, and parents who are too entangled intervene too much in their children, thus losing their parents' leadership and control. Structured family therapy provides such a blueprint and the basis for organizing strategic therapy. Structured family therapy has three basic elements: structure, subsystem and boundary. Structured family therapy technology mainly includes two general strategies. First of all, the therapist must adapt to this family before he can really "join" this family. Relationship patterns that challenge family preferences often lead to family resistance. On the contrary, if the therapist begins to understand and accept the family, the family is more likely to receive treatment. Once the initial goal of joining the family is achieved, structural therapists begin to use the strategy of reorganization.

These positive strategies achieve the goal of breaking the dysfunctional structure by strengthening the loose boundary and relaxing the rigid boundary. 198 1 year, Minuchin moved to new york and established the famous Minuchin family therapy center. In addition, there are some simple, practical and effective skills in structural family therapy: imitation refers to participating in the family process by imitating behavior, style, emotional range or communication content. Therapists may talk about personal experiences. These practices are sometimes spontaneous and sometimes designed; In any case, they usually take measures to increase the relationship between therapists and their families. Action priming means that the therapist brings the external family conflict into the treatment conversation, so that family members can show their treatment methods. The therapist can also observe the process and start looking for ways to correct their interaction, causing structural changes. Therapists use this technology to actively create scenes that make family members show poor communication during the treatment time. Family symptoms are considered to be the result of learned reaction, unconscious acquisition and reinforcement. Treatment is usually time-limited and symptom-centered. Behavioral methods applied to families are based on social learning theory. Behavior is acquired and maintained as a result, and can be changed by changing the result. A necessary supplement to social learning theory is Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange theory, which holds that people are committed to maximizing the "return" and minimizing the "cost" of interpersonal relationships. Behavioral therapists focus on changing the results of problem behavior, which has both advantages and disadvantages. By thinking about the problems, behaviorists have developed a series of effective technologies. On the other hand, behavior is only a part of the individual, and people who show problems are only a part of the family.

If unresolved conflicts still haunt them, it is not enough for them to make changes. Behaviorists seldom treat the whole family. They only pay attention to the subsystem where the target behavior is located. Unfortunately, however, not including or considering the whole family in treatment may lead to adverse consequences. Moreover, if the change does not involve the whole family, then the new behavior cannot be strengthened and maintained. Despite these shortcomings, behavioral family therapy provides an effective technique for children's problems and problematic marriages. The biggest advantage of behavioral therapy is to observe and measure changes. The second progress is from reducing or strengthening specific "sign" behaviors to teaching general problem solving, cognition and communication skills. The third progress is to have standardized intervention programs to meet the specific and changing needs of individuals and families.

What is family therapy? What kind of cases are suitable for family treatment? What is family therapy? Family therapy is a group psychotherapy model for families, whose goal is to help families eliminate abnormal and pathological conditions in order to perform healthy family functions. So that family members, couples and other people who care about each other can properly express their feelings and ideas to solve difficulties, understand the experiences and views of members, understand each other's needs, and make positive changes in their relationship and life.

What is family? After continuous development, in family therapy, the concept of family has evolved into a familiar family with blood and marriage. People who live together for a long time can also have family therapy. For example, in your life cycle, your neighbor Xiaohong has been running through, playing a small role and being very close to you. Later, Xiaohong was young and frivolous, fell in love with fanatics shaken by society, and killed Matt Hadron, which led to a series of stories that everything could dry up, the sky could fall, and we could hold hands side by side. When there is a marital crisis, you can join their family therapy. AFT (British Association for Family Therapy and Systematic Practice) regards "family" as any group of people who designate themselves. They care about each other and take care of each other. Family therapy originated in Britain and America in the19th century. As a branch of psychotherapy, its formal development began in the 1940s and early 1950s. Clinicians in the United States, Britain and Hungary began to pay attention to the nature and function of the family, and regarded it as a whole rather than just an aggregation of individuals. Many people think that family therapists are "healing" the whole family. I'm going, hehehe. The power of family is enormous. Do you think that a few words from an outsider can change the interaction mode of a family for decades? The task of family therapists is to slowly ask the factors behind the problems mentioned by visiting families together with family members.

What is the significance of family therapy? Family therapy is a kind of group therapy with family as the unit and object, and it is a work orientation to treat human problems. Through language, interaction and other treatment modes, the purpose is to eliminate personal physiological or psychological symptoms caused by family, solve conflicts between them and rebuild. The task of family therapy is to help the family readjust with the growth of family members or the changes of age and situation in the development stage, so the task of family therapy is to change the family structure.

The function of family therapy

(1) Let the family understand and promote their interaction and reaction.

(2) Let family members understand the role and function of individuals in the family.

(3) Improve or solve the current problems of family interaction.

(4) Promote the development function of family members, and have the ability to understand, experience and cope with development stages.

For details, please see Body and Mind Online.

Li Zhongyuan's Focus Team Counseling Ethics and Family Therapy for Senior Six/Sharing 834 days/Friday, April 8, 2022, a total of 14 10 games (a total of 430 games/3 games this week).

First, consulting ethics learning:

1, multiple relationships, professional boundaries. This also has the characteristics of the industry. The multiple relationship of psychological counseling refers to the development and maintenance of other relationship roles between psychological counselors and cases except professional relationship. Because in the negotiation relationship with unequal rights, any act of exploiting individuals through multiple relationships has the problem of violating ethics, so the more complicated the relationship, the greater the risk of violating ethics. Maintaining a professional relationship in consultation is the best consulting relationship.

2. If it is really inevitable, we will try our best to take some measures to inform or sign a written informed consent in advance to let the other party know about the potential risks and consider whether it is helpful to visitors. At the same time, in this working situation, we should keep records of relevant contents.

3. Psychological counselors shall not have any close relationship with current service providers, including their family members. Even if you have a fixed number of years, you should do some evaluation and inspection to ensure that it is not exploitative.

4. In the process of crossing and violating professional boundaries, we can see that consultants deviate from some professional standards, such as whether to help visitors pour water or shake hands. These schools have different practices. The principle is that consultants should not do things for visitors, but should inform them. Crossing the border is psychological counseling or serious deviation from professional standards. For example, eating together, cooperative relationship will lead to the injury of the case. The setting is the boundary. We work by consulting the environment and professional boundaries. To realize the phenomenon of landslide, the interpersonal boundary between cases belongs to professional relationship and is also a flowing state. Therefore, we should be vigilant in practice, and once we surpass it, we should discuss and deal with it properly.

5. In "The Last Approaching Leap" and "Weifang", there are three criteria to evaluate whether multiple relationships violate ethics: first, the degree of risk of exploitation cases; Second, the objective degree of psychological counselors; The injury degree of the professional relationship of the third team.

6. Consultants will not easily go out of the consulting room for consultation. If there is such a request in a case, we will respond politely, inform some potential risks and discuss the pros and cons. If the case insists on doing it, the consultant can refuse.

7. Consultants and clients should maintain a professional relationship to avoid borrowing. If the case is really necessary, they can seek assistance from relevant social organizations and charities of third parties. There can be no consultation in labor exchange, and there can be other alternatives, such as suspending psychological consultation, reducing consultation fees, or referring to free consultation institutions.

8. the evaluation of accepting personal gifts depends on the value of the gifts? What is the clinical significance of accepting or rejecting gifts? There are also gifts for cases, such as before consultation, during consultation and after consultation. And your motivation to accept or reject the gift. Counselors should be clear, especially what is the cultural meaning of accepting gifts? There are also some situations that you will encounter on some occasions. Generally, try to avoid staying in the same space at the same time.

9. Physical contact in psychological counseling should not only consider the counseling tendency and theoretical school of psychologists, but also consider the age and function of the case.

Having sex with a case is a serious violation of ethics, and the damage caused by multiple sexual relations will last for a long time.

Second, reading.

Focus on solving short-term counseling and treatment techniques. Today, I share the content on page 170: the completion of the exploration task. The author rarely asks about the completion of the task in the next meeting, because there are hierarchical risks in asking questions, and it is possible to focus on the completion of this task. However, if you don't ask about the completion of the task, you will have certain risks. It seems that you don't care much about the progress of visitors. You can refer to some practices of the author. For example, let visitors know that under normal circumstances, the treatment will not ask about the completion of the task. If they want to talk about it next time, they can mention it, so be prepared before coming. The second is to say nothing, waiting to see if the visitor will take the initiative to mention the topic of the task. Third, at the end of the subsequent meeting, when you want to do another dialogue task, ask whether the last task was useful. In fact, when we stop, the initiative is left to the tourists to decide. At least, we can't put pressure on him.

Next, in Sally's case, we can see that Sally's position is very encouraging to the counselor, but when the visitor tells us that her feelings are worse, we should respect her feelings. Finally, the talks ended. Whether the visitors came or not, we successfully ended the meeting after giving feedback and assigning tasks. Then it restates the main points of this chapter and the part of personal reflection. It is particularly worth mentioning that in this process, visitors can see whether there are some things they are doing or noticing that are helpful to them, and set a task related to the calibration value for themselves, and then they can check themselves to see the effect and progress. Later, the author made a suggestion, that is, suspend the talks properly: I need to make sure whether we are on the right track, so I need you to tell me whether you agree or not. Make a pause, and at the same time, think about the feelings with the visitors after the meeting, whether this ending is ok or what can be adjusted.

Third, for this family therapy scene, the therapist can proceed from the following three points:

1) What do you see?

2) What do you think of what you see?

3) Based on these understandings, what should you do?

Tell mom:

I can feel that you are worried.

Urgent, but let's slow down and take a step back.

I seem to have observed the way you get along with your children just now, and it seems to have been repeated several times. You let him refuse, and you let him refuse.

Can I ask first, do you get along like this at home? How did this happen?

In your mind, when did you start to get along like this?

The same question, you can also ask your child:

In your impression, how did the interaction between you and your mother change from when to this?

If your father were here, what would he say about your interaction with your mother?

Let them know how this circular interactive mode of "one asking and one rejecting" is formed by asking questions in a circular way.

Family therapists should act as "traffic police managers", interrupt politely and stop in time!

After interrupting the conversation, I will come back with my family and mother. What happened in this process just now?

In language, you might respond to your mother like this:

I noticed that when you talked about it just now, you seemed very anxious and angry, but I don't know if I feel right.

I seem to feel that there are other emotions behind your anxiety. Can you tell me what you really wanted to tell the child just now?

Invite the mother to express her expectations and worries that she really wants to tell her son in a new way in gentle language.

After clarifying the mother's expectations, she may do the same thing to her children.

I seem to have observed more than once that you don't want to talk when your mother's voice rises, do you?

Have you ever felt this way at home on weekdays?

What would you do in this situation?

Generally speaking, at this point, children are not sure that they can speak.

For example, I just don't want to talk to them, so I close the door. At this time, it is more comfortable to play some games and communicate with good friends online.

For another example, I didn't have any friends at school, so I was very unhappy, so I made a few intimate friends online, and I was very happy. But my mom doesn't think it's a good idea. I think she doesn't understand me in particular.

Inviting members to directly express their emotional needs when interacting is what family therapy should do.

This kind of work is also called promoting the flow of emotions and needs between family members.

maintain neutrality

In the process of family therapy, I often hear some parents say, "Look at this child, but he just won't listen. Find a way to help me solve him. "

The understanding of this sentence is that parents are inviting consultants to participate in conflicts with their children. The therapist's response should be very careful, not only to respond to parents' anxiety, but also not to make the child feel that your mother is only on his mother's side.

In words, we can respond to parents' anxiety first:

I know you are in a hurry, but let's slow down. I will also listen to your child's expectations for attending the consultation today.

Then, we must understand children's expectations and needs:

What do you think of what your mother complained about today?

What are your expectations for today's consultation? What do you want to achieve in our negotiation?

What adjustments do you want your family and your mother to make when they get along with you?

This is a principle we often say in family therapy: neutrality. 10:06

Family therapy experts suggest 1) Family therapy is mainly used for adolescent behavior problems, such as learning problems, making friends and neurosis, eating disorders and psychosomatic diseases, and contradictions between young couples.

2) When there are contradictions between family members, other treatments (individual therapy) are ineffective, or personal contradictions that individual therapy cannot handle, or family has prevented individuals from receiving treatment, they can seek family therapy.

3) Although the symptoms are reflected in someone, when there is a problem in the family system, the family is too negligent or too anxious about the treatment of the sick members, the family members ask to participate in the treatment of a patient, there is a recurrent mental illness patient in the family, and there is a communication problem with others in the family, so family therapy needs to be considered.

4) Patients with severe mental illness, paranoid personality disorder, sexual abuse and other diseases should not consider family therapy as the first choice. If there are other positive psychopathological problems, such as mood disorder and schizophrenia, family therapy can be used as an auxiliary means.