1. Variety: Choose varieties with low temperature tolerance, weak light and early maturity. Such as: jet, Shenqie 1, Qiqie 2, Qingqie, Heiqie 2, Yongfeng Heiqie, etc.
2. Preparation of bed soil: 6 parts of pollution-free field soil, 2 parts of decomposed high-quality chicken manure or pig manure, and 2 parts of decomposed horse manure or rice bran are mixed evenly and sieved for later use.
3. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: Soak seeds with 1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, after repeated washing, soak seeds with 55℃ water for 15 minutes, and then soak them with 20℃ water for 24 hours. Before germination, wipe the mucus off the seed coat with fine sand, then wrap it with wet cloth and put it at 25-30℃ to accelerate germination, which usually takes 5-6 days to germinate.
4. Sowing: spread 10cm bed soil with seedling tray or wooden box in greenhouse, pat it flat and water it. Then spread the seeds evenly on the bed. The sowing amount per square meter is 35-40 grams.
5. Sowing: Transplanting seedlings with row spacing of 8- 10 cm, and watering after sowing. In the early stage, the daytime temperature increased to 25-30℃, and the nighttime temperature was 15- 18℃. After slow sowing, reduce the temperature to 25℃ during the day and 15℃ at night, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 10℃. Eggplant seedlings are mostly over 80 days old. Because of their long seedling age and easy fertilization in the later stage, 0.3% diammonium phosphate can be used as topdressing outside the roots.
Step 6 plant
(1) Preparation before planting
Disinfection in a closed shed: 4 grams of sulfur powder, 0. 1 gram of 80% dichlorvos and 8 grams of sawdust are used for each cubic meter of greenhouse or shed, mixed evenly, ignited and sealed for 24 hours, and then the amplified wind is turned on.
Soil preparation and fertilization: Apply 5,000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure per mu, rake it evenly, and open a planting ditch with a depth of 10- 15 cm at a row spacing of 55 cm. Apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and cover the soil with 5 cm after fertilization (avoid drip line).
(2) Planting: Plant seedlings at a spacing of 25-30cm (pay attention to avoid the slow growth of seedlings caused by the broken seedling stumps), then pour enough planting water into the ditch, and cultivate them into ridges after soil infiltration. The second day, cover with plastic film, buckle two ridges at a time with the film with the width of 1.0- 1.2 meters, stretch to the same length as the ridge, then cut the longitudinal opening at each plant position with a blade and introduce the seedling outlet. Finally, tie the film tightly, press it with soil, and seal the planting mouth.
(3) post-planting management
Water and fertilizer: water the seedlings 3-4 days after planting, and then squat the seedlings. When tomatoes are in full bloom (about 13 days), irrigation in underground ditches is started. When the ground temperature reaches 18℃, both open ditch and underground ditch can be irrigated, but attention should be paid to ventilation and dehumidification. When eggplant blooms, topdressing urea 10- 15 kg or diammonium phosphate 10 kg per mu, once every 20 days. You can also use Daming's "Green Star" or "Dayun 120" for topdressing outside the roots.
Pruning and threshing: double stem pruning. After the eggplant is shaped, two outward lateral branches are cut off, leaving only two upward double stems. Generally, the seventh fruit is picked to promote the early maturity of the fruit. When eggplant stares, it knocks out three leaves at the base, and then gradually knocks out the leaves at the bottom with the growth of the plant, which is beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the population.
7. Harvest: harvest when there is no leucorrhea at the joint between sepals and fruits, and early-maturing varieties can be harvested 20-25 days after flowering. Seedling raising technology eggplant seedlings grow slowly, especially under the condition of insufficient temperature, it is difficult to cultivate early-maturing seedlings, and the seedling age usually takes 85-90 days.
In order to prevent seedling collapse and Fusarium wilt, in addition to maintaining a suitable soil temperature at night, the soil can also be disinfected with "five-generation platform agent" (that is, pentachloronitrobenzene and zineb are mixed in equal amount), and the soil is disinfected by 8-9g per square meter, which is evenly mixed with the bed soil, and the irrigation amount is appropriately increased after application to prevent phytotoxicity. The bed soil should be fertile and not easy to dry.
1. Seeding eggplant seedlings is basically the same, and the way to raise seedlings is to use greenhouses, hotbeds or sunny beds. However, eggplant germination is difficult to accelerate and requires high temperature. Before sowing, blanch the seeds with warm water of 55-60℃, stir while pouring, stop stirring when the temperature drops to about 20℃, take them out after soaking for a day and night, wipe off the mucus on the seeds, rinse them with clear water, and put them in a place of 25-30℃ to accelerate germination. During germination, the environmental humidity should be kept at 85%, and 30% is appropriate. When sowing, the seedbed should be thoroughly watered with warm water, and then the seeds should be evenly spread into the seedbed and covered with fine soil with a thickness of 0.8- 1cm. Immediately after sowing, buckle the arch shed and cover it with straw mulch at night to keep warm. Before emergence, the bed temperature is kept at 26-28℃ during the day and around 20℃ at night, and 50%-60% of seedlings can emerge in about 4-5 days. After emergence, the temperature shall be lowered in time, and it will be about 25℃ during the day and cloudy at night 15- 17℃.
2. When the seedlings have 2 ~ 3 true leaves, they can be divided into seedlings. Seedlings are mainly divided into sunny beds or plastic arch sheds. The bed soil should be fertile, especially to maintain a certain amount of available nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, each seedling should have a certain nutritional area, and the suitable area is 10cm× 10cm. Covered with plastic arch shed immediately after seedling separation, sealed with grass film at night, and kept at a certain high temperature (up to 20-25℃). After the seedlings were delayed, they began to be ventilated and cooled, and the temperature was 25℃ during the day and 15℃ at night. Special attention should be paid to prevent high temperature from burning seedlings at noon on sunny days. If the fertility of seedbed is insufficient, it should be watered and topdressing. Seedbed hardening can be done by loosening the soil with a small rake, and ventilating the seedlings 10 days before sowing, but freezing injury should also be prevented. The standard of strong seedling is 16-23cm, with 5-7 leaves and 0.5-0 stem diameter. 7cm is suitable. Disease control 1. Verticillium wilt of eggplant
Pathogenic characteristics:
Verticillium wilt of eggplant will occur soon after planting, and it will occur early and seriously when planting at low temperature, but the disease area is the largest and the disease is the most serious after fruit setting. At the early stage of the disease, the leaf margin and veins in the lower part of the plant near the petiole turn yellow, and then gradually develop into half or whole leaves, with the leaf margin slightly curled upward, and sometimes the disease spots are limited to half leaves, causing the leaves to twist. Early-onset eggplant wilts, which can be recovered sooner or later or after rain. The back leaves turn brown, the whole plant wilts, leaves fall off and the whole plant dies. In severe cases, the whole leaf often withers, turns yellow and dies. Most of them are the whole plant, and a few have some disease-free healthy branches. At onset: it develops gradually from the lower part of the plant, and leaves of the whole plant fall off in severe cases. The diseased plant is short, the plant shape is not stretched, the fruit is small, and the long fruit is sometimes bent. When the rhizome is cut longitudinally, it can be seen that the xylem vascular bundles are discolored and yellow-brown or brown.
Law of occurrence:
Verticillium wilt of eggplant is caused by fungal infection. Pathogens overwinter in the soil as dormant hyphae, chlamydospores and micro-sclerotia, which become the primary source of infection in the following year. Germs spread from people, livestock and farm tools to disease-free fields through fertilizers mixed with sick and disabled bodies, soil with bacteria and solanaceae weeds. In the second year, the pathogen invaded from the wound of the root or directly from the epidermis and root hair of the young root, then propagated in the vascular bundle and spread to the branches and leaves. The disease did not recur that year. The optimum onset temperature was 19℃ ~ 24℃, and the mycelium and sclerotia died at 6℃ 10 minutes later. Generally, the temperature is low, and the root wound heals slowly during planting, which is conducive to the invasion of bacteria; Low-lying land, application of immature organic fertilizer, improper irrigation, serious diseases in continuous cropping land.
Prevention and control methods:
(1) Continuous cropping with non-Solanaceae or Cucurbita crops for 3-4 years;
(2) selecting disease-free seeds and disease-resistant varieties; Apply enough decomposed organic fertilizer;
(3) Remove the diseased plants in time, bury or burn them, and infuse liquid medicine into the rhizosphere soil for disinfection and sterilization.
(4) Seed disinfection: the seeds are pre-soaked in cold water for 3-4 hours, then soaked in warm water at 55℃ for 65,438+/-0.5 minutes, and dried in the shade for later use.
(5) Chemical control method: apply pesticides when planting: soak the roots of eggplant seedlings with 1 mycorrhizal solution 1000 times when planting, and water the roots with this solution after planting, each plant is 250 ml. 500-fold solution of 70% Pinus elliottii wettable powder, every 10 ~ 15 days, 500 ml per plant, continuously poured for 2 ~ 3 times.
2. Bacterial leaf spot of eggplant
Pathogenic characteristics:
The disease mainly harms leaves, and the lesions mostly start from the leaf edge and spread inward along the veins from the leaf edge. The lesions are irregular in shape, and some look like lightning or branches of rivers, light brown to brown. The symptoms of the affected part are not obvious, and the spot surface has a sticky feeling before the dew is dry.
Law of occurrence:
The pathogen of this disease overwinters in the soil, and its mycelium is left by the diseased residue, which is spread by rain splashing and invades from puddles or wounds to cause the disease. Warm and humid weather and poor ventilation are conducive to infection.
Prevention and control methods:
(1) has been rotated with solanaceae vegetables for more than 3 years. The seeds are treated with hot water at 78-85℃.
(2) Select sterile seeds and disinfect them.
(3) Disinfect the greenhouse and soil.
(4) Implement omni-directional plastic film mulching to prevent excessive watering and timely ventilation and dehumidification.
(5) chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% 1000 times of Julia leaf wettable powder can be sprayed every 7- 10 days/time.