The purpose of digital signal processing is to measure or filter continuous analog signals in the real world. Therefore, before digital signal processing, it is necessary to convert the signal from analog domain to digital domain, which is usually realized by analog-to-digital converter. The output of digital signal processing is often converted into analog domain, which is realized by digital-to-analog converter.
Single-chip microcomputer is an integrated circuit chip, which is a small and perfect microcomputer system formed by integrating the functions of central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), various I/O ports, interrupt system, timer/counter, etc. (possibly including display drive circuit, pulse width modulation circuit, analog multiplexer, A/D converter, etc.) on a silicon chip by using VLSI technology. From the 1980s, from the then 4-bit and 8-bit single-chip microcomputer to the present 300M-meter high-speed single-chip microcomputer.