A, fire escape 15 method
Fire demons are ruthless. When you are trapped in a fire and your life is threatened, if you can use the surrounding terrain and objects and take active and effective measures to save yourself, you can turn passivity into initiative and win more "vitality" for your life. You can't escape from the fire by "using your quick wits". Only by studying, mastering and storing fire control common sense at ordinary times can we calmly cope with the crisis and escape from danger. Only 15 fire escape method is introduced here.
(1) rope self-rescue method: If there is a rope at home, you can directly tie one end of the rope to a door, a pane or a heavy object and climb down along the other end. In this process, we should pay attention to both hands and feet. Twist your feet to hold the rope and climb up and down alternately with your hands. And try to protect your hands with gloves and towels to prevent you from falling off or wiping your hands when you slide down.
(2) Crawling forward: Since most of the smoke is gathered in the upper space when the fire occurs, you should crawl or bend forward as close as possible to the ground during the escape.
(3) Cover your nose with a towel: Fire smoke has the characteristics of high temperature and high toxicity, which can easily cause respiratory system burns or poisoning once inhaled. Therefore, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel when evacuating, and cool down and filter.
(4) Quilt protection method: Cover your body with soaked quilts or blankets and cotton-padded clothes. After determining the escape route, go straight into the fire and rush to the safe area as quickly as possible, but never use plastic raincoats for protection.
(5) Blanket fire prevention method: nail or clip blankets and other fabrics on the door, and constantly water to cool down to prevent the invasion of external flames and smoke, so as to achieve the purpose of restraining the spread of fire and increasing the escape time.
(6) Single-piece twisting method: the sheets, quilts or curtains are torn into strips and twisted into twists. If the length is not enough, you can connect several sheets and quilts together and climb down the outer wall by rope escape. However, sheets and quilts must be tied tightly to avoid damage or joint falling off.
(7) jump off a building to survive: don't jump off a building on fire easily! As a last resort, residents living in lower floors can escape by jumping off a building. But first, we should choose the lower ground as the landing point according to the surrounding terrain, then throw Simmons mattress, sofa cushion and thick quilt as a buffer, try to keep the center of gravity as low as possible, and then jump after getting ready.
(8) Pipeline sliding method: When there are vertical pipelines such as downpipes, telephone poles and lightning rod leads on the external wall or balcony of the building, sliding to the ground can be adopted. At the same time, it should be noted that the number of people sliding at a time should not be too large to prevent people from falling due to pipeline damage during escape.
(9) Bamboo pole insertion method: insert the sturdy bamboo pole and clothes drying pole directly from the balcony or window sill into the outdoor ground or the platform next to it, and slide down along the pole after both ends are fixed.
(10) Climb to avoid fire: climb the outer edges of balconies and windows and scaffolding and awnings around buildings to avoid fire.
(1 1) Stair transfer method: When the fire spreads rapidly from bottom to top and the stairs are closed, residents living upstairs can quickly climb to the roof through tiger windows and skylights. And transfer to the stairs of another house or unit for evacuation.
(12) toilet refuge method: when there is no way to escape, you can take refuge in the bathroom. Close the door with a towel, splash water on the ground to cool down, or lie in a bathtub full of water to escape. But don't get under the bed, attic, wardrobe and other places to take refuge, because there are many combustibles in these places, which are easy to gather smoke.
(13) Fire rescue method: In case of fire, you can shout for help, knock on metal objects or throw soft objects at windows, balconies or roofs, and wave bright cloth to send out distress signals during the day. At night, you can wave a flashlight or white cloth to attract the attention of rescuers.
(14) Upwind evacuation method: the evacuation direction should be determined according to the wind direction when the fire occurs, and quickly escape to the windward of the fire site to avoid flames and smoke.
(15) Take the "bridge" escape method: at balconies, window sills and roof platforms, take solid objects such as wooden boards and bamboo poles on adjacent units or buildings as springboard to transition to a relatively safe area.
Second, the fire escape strategy
Fire and water are ruthless, and human nature. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, in the past five years, more than 20.7 million people have been killed in fires every year, and it is even more difficult to count the injured. A survey report recently released by the National Fire Protection Association of the United States also pointed out that fire is the most threatening among many dangers facing mankind. In the United States, for example, every 65,438+000 family members will encounter two serious fires in their lifetime.
Don't panic at the critical moment when the fire is raging. We must choose the best self-rescue plan according to the actual situation of the fire and adhere to the principles of "three necessities", "three rescues" and "three noes" in order to save the day and save the day.
"Three essentials" refers to
Be familiar with the environment where you live.
Keep calm when things happen.
Be alert to the harm of tobacco poison.
Pay more attention to observation at ordinary times, and know the stairs, passages, gates and emergency evacuation exits of the residence like the back of your hand, and know whether there are platforms, skylights and temporary shelters (rooms). You might as well make an escape list and write down all the places in your room that can be used as exits, such as doors, windows, skylights, balconies, etc. Remember, every bedroom has two exits, that is, besides doors, windows can also be used as emergency exits. In addition, let the whole family, especially the children, know the structure of the door lock until how to open and close the window. It is particularly worth mentioning that the screen window fixed with screws will make the window unable to become an emergency exit. So doors and windows should be easy to open and close. Children must also be taught that in an emergency, windows can be broken with chairs or other hard objects.
Go to entertainment places for leisure, or go to other places for business, tourism and vacation, but also know something about dance halls, theaters, game halls, hotels and restaurants. In this way, in case of fire and other dangerous situations, you will not panic and run blindly.
In the face of the raging fire, only by keeping calm and calm can we take decisive measures quickly to protect the safety of ourselves and others and reduce property losses to a minimum. Some people make mistakes because of confusion, and as a result, every minute of escape is delayed. For example, I only know how to push the door, and I won't pull the door hard; Mistake the wall as a hard knock; Even willy-nilly, blindly jumping off a building ...
In the fire, the biggest "killer" is not the fire in the province, but a large number of toxic smoke produced in the burning process, whose main components are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and so on. Fire experts' research shows that when the carbon monoxide content in the air is 1%, people will faint after breathing several times, and it will kill people in two minutes. According to statistics, in the fires in the United States, the number of people who died of smoke suffocation or poisoning accounted for more than two-thirds of the victims.
To this end, experts suggest that when the fire has not spread indoors, try to prevent fireworks. You can close the doors and windows, block the hole with a soaked quilt, and keep watering to prevent fireworks from entering. At the same time, the nose and mouth are covered with wet towels, the smoke removal rate reaches 60%~ 100%, and 10%~40% of carbon monoxide can be filtered.
If the door is hot, or smoke passes through it, you must try to escape. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and evacuate the fire as soon as possible. When the fire is too big and violent, the exit passage is blocked by smoke, and there is no other route to go, you can use the wet quilt as the cover of the "safety belt" close to the ground and crawl in the corridors and rooms with dense smoke. Never run straight. Because hot and cold air is convective, toxic smoke floats on the upper part of the house space, and some fresh air will come in close to the ground for people to breathe. When standing and running, you may be unable to breathe and suffocate. Open the door as little as possible and pass quickly, then close it again immediately. Because when the door is wide open, oxygen will come in, so even the fire to be extinguished will suddenly burn.
"Three rescues" means
0 Select an escape route to "save"
No.0 knot slips away from "saving people"
0 "save" from the outside world
In case of fire, it is the best choice to use stairs, evacuation passages and open stairs with weak smoke or unburned fire. If it can reach below the fire layer smoothly, it is basically out of danger.
What should I do when the corridor or stairs have been blocked by fire or poisonous smoke? The drainage pipe outside the wall should slide down in time; Or use a strong rope (or a long bag made by tearing curtains and sheets into thick strips), tie one end of it firmly to a load-bearing fixture such as a water pipe and a heating pipe, and the other end hangs from the window to the ground or the balcony on a lower floor, and then slide down the rope to escape from the fire. If you are blocked by a fire in a building and all escape routes have been cut off, you have to temporarily retreat indoors, close the doors and windows leading to the fire area and move to a relatively safe kitchen or bathroom. Stay in your room and do nothing passively from time to time. You can water the doors and windows to slow down the spread of fire; At the same time, shout, wave, flashlight through the window, throw soft objects out of the window constantly, and knock on sound instruments. , send a distress signal, waiting for the rescue of firefighters. It should be noted that calling in a fire is often not easy to find. You can use bamboo poles to hold up brightly colored clothes and shake them constantly.
"Three noes" means
0 "Don't" take the ordinary elevator.
0 "Don't" jump off a building easily
0 "Don't" covet property.
When a fire is discovered, people will pull the switch to stop the fire from spreading along the wires. Sometimes, the fire will burn the power line. If you take the ordinary elevator to escape, you will be in trouble if there is a power failure. Being unable to get up and down is tantamount to trapping yourself in a "cage", and its dangerous consequences can be imagined. Of course, except for the fire elevator installed according to the fire prevention requirements, because it has a separate power control and other safety equipment, which can be used for evacuation.
The risk of jumping off a building to survive is extremely high. If you can't get it, you will often die or get injured from time to time, leading to lumbar fracture and even intracranial hemorrhage. You shouldn't take it lightly. Even when you make this decision in despair, you should pay attention to the method. First of all, you can leave the quilt and Simmons mattress outside the window, so that when you land, you won't directly hit the hard cement floor or stone pavement, reducing the possibility of injury. Then climb out of the window, grab the windowsill with both hands, droop and jump with both feet, thus narrowing the gap with the ground.
The fire comes quickly, and it can enter the violent stage after 10 minutes. According to relevant data, when the fire reaches a violent stage, the horizontal diffusion speed of smoke is 0.5 to 0.8 meters per second, and the vertical diffusion speed of smoke is even faster, reaching 3.4 meters per second, which is often accompanied by unexpected events such as "explosion" and building collapse. Therefore, fire experts remind that once a fire breaks out, you must evacuate and escape quickly, and don't waste time dressing up or looking for valuables, because there is nothing more precious than life. After escaping from the fire, don't even return to the crater to save property. In the end, people and money can only be empty. For fire burns, the following methods should be adopted for on-site rescue.
If your clothes catch fire when you escape from the fire scene, don't stand or run, which will speed up the flow of surrounding air and cause a fire. You should roll on the ground or wrap yourself in a blanket to put out the fire. Never spray a fire extinguisher directly on people to avoid accidents.
Check the wounded for serious life-threatening injuries. Critical patients should be rescued on the spot, remove foreign bodies in the mouth and nose, and keep the respiratory tract unblocked. For people whose heart stops beating, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately.
Severe pain and irritability will occur after "preventing" burns, and strong analgesics should be given. When severe burns cause shock, normal saline should be injected quickly at the scene to prevent shock. When burn patients are thirsty because of burns, they should not be given plenty of boiled water, but should drink burn drinks.
Protection must be paid attention to when "guaranteeing" on-site rescue.
I hope this helps.