1. Emergency treatment: After occupational exposure, emergency treatment measures should be taken immediately, such as washing contaminated skin with soap and tap water, washing mucosa with normal saline, and properly handling wounds.

2. Reporting mechanism: report to the immediate superior, such as the head nurse, within 30 minutes, and then report to the prevention and health care department within 2 hours, especially when the exposure source is HIV positive or suspected patients, it should be reported within 1 hour.

3. Evaluation and determination: Medical and health institutions should evaluate and determine the exposure level and the viral load level of the exposure source.

4. Classification of exposure level: The occupational exposure level of HIV is divided into three levels, and the specific level is determined according to the exposure and evaluation results.

The causes of occupational exposure mainly include the following:

1. Medical staff are high-risk groups of occupational exposure.

2. The daily operation is not standardized, such as putting the needle cap back with both hands, not putting the used sharps into the sharps box in time, rearranging the needles, etc.

3. Self-prevention awareness is not strong, leading to avoidable occupational exposure.

4. Lack of risk awareness, lack of foresight of high-risk factors in work, inability to take preventive measures in advance, and failure to implement standard prevention concepts.

To sum up, the treatment measures of occupational exposure involve emergency treatment, reporting mechanism, evaluation and follow-up, aiming at minimizing the impact of occupational exposure on health.

Legal basis:

Provisions of Xiamen Special Economic Zone on Protection against Occupational Exposure of Medical and Health Personnel

Article 5

Medical and health institutions shall establish a training and assessment system for occupational exposure protection, strengthen the training and assessment before and during the post, popularize occupational exposure protection knowledge and technology such as occupational exposure hazard factors, prevention and control measures, emergency measures and exposure incident reports, and guide and urge medical and health personnel to correctly use protective facilities, equipment, supplies and appliances.