The experience of promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power (I) To implement the rural revitalization strategy, we should focus on industrial prosperity, focus on ecological livability, and base our life on affluence, adhere to the inclination of infrastructure construction to the countryside, give priority to the development of rural public services, and promote the inclination of talents, capital and technology to the countryside. As a big agricultural province in China, Henan should give full play to the advantages of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, and embark on a road of rural revitalization with Henan characteristics. To achieve this goal, we must seize the opportunity, solve many shortcomings in rural development, and consolidate the foundation of rural revitalization.
Accelerate the construction of rural infrastructure
Rural infrastructure is a variety of facilities that provide public goods and services for the development of rural undertakings and the improvement of farmers' lives. As an important part of rural public goods, it involves rural economy, society, culture and other aspects. On the whole, China's rural infrastructure is still weak, productive infrastructure such as farmland water conservancy is generally seriously inadequate or disrepair, aging and serious damage, and life infrastructure such as medical and health care, culture and entertainment is extremely lacking. The infrastructure, such as drinking water, electricity, communication, roads and networks, which are closely related to farmers' production and life, is of poor quality and low standards, and it is difficult to meet the needs of rural revitalization.
To implement the rural revitalization strategy, we must take this as a starting point, accelerate the construction and continuous improvement of rural infrastructure, and provide basic support for promoting agricultural and rural modernization. First of all, we should increase investment in rural infrastructure construction. Finance at all levels should give strong support and full guarantee to rural infrastructure construction funds in accordance with the principle of priority arrangement and gradual implementation; It is necessary to formulate preferential policies, actively promote the market-oriented financing of rural public welfare infrastructure projects, encourage and guide social capital to invest in rural infrastructure construction, and open up diversified financing channels. Secondly, it is necessary to coordinate the construction of rural roads, hydropower, networks, medical care, culture and other infrastructure projects in combination with rural revitalization planning. It is necessary to put rural drinking water safety in the first place, plan rural drinking water projects as a whole and strengthen rural drinking water safety management, improve support capacity and ensure drinking water quality; It is necessary to focus on solving the problems of low voltage, "stuck neck" and overload in rural areas, speed up the transformation and upgrading of power grids and equal service for power users, ensure the power supply capacity and quality of rural power grids, and comprehensively improve the service level of rural electricity consumption; It is necessary to comprehensively promote the construction of "four good rural roads", while realizing the hardening of township roads, continue to promote the extension of rural roads to the doorstep and get through the "last mile"; It is necessary to achieve full Internet coverage in rural areas as soon as possible, improve the quality of network services in rural areas, speed up the coverage of rural broadband networks and the fourth generation mobile communication networks, implement the "fttp" project and the digital rural strategy, promote the application and deep integration of modern information technology, and provide new impetus for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.
Create an ecologically livable beautiful countryside.
For a long time, we have paid more attention to the environmental pollution control in cities and industries, but neglected the environmental problems in rural areas and agriculture to some extent. There are still many deficiencies in ideological attention, human and financial input, infrastructure construction, system construction and so on. At present, the phenomenon of "dirty mess" in rural areas is still very common, and environmental pollution is more serious. The phenomenon of littering, cross-flow of sewage and dirty toilets has not fundamentally changed. "Garbage is blown away by the wind, and sewage is evaporated" has become the most intense problem reflected by the masses. In agricultural production, agricultural films, pesticides and fertilizers are overused, and non-point source pollution is serious, resulting in excessive heavy metal content and pesticide residues in agricultural products. In some places, the deterioration trend of ecological environment has not been fundamentally curbed, and ecological fragility, soil degradation and soil erosion are prominent.
To realize rural revitalization, we must fill in the shortcomings of rural ecological environment. A good ecological environment is the greatest advantage and precious wealth in rural areas. If there is no ecologically livable countryside, it will lose its attraction to factors of production such as talents and industries. It is necessary to focus on the persistent environmental problems in rural areas, concentrate on tackling difficulties, comprehensively improve the overall appearance of rural areas and farmers' living environment, protect fresh rural scenery and unique local customs, build beautiful countryside with beautiful scenery, fresh air, beautiful environment and perfect service, and make beauty the beautiful background of rural revitalization. First, on the basis of good planning, we will further increase investment to build and improve various rural environmental sanitation infrastructure, such as domestic garbage collection systems, sewage treatment facilities, environmental protection and sanitary toilets, etc. , laying a hardware foundation for rural environmental governance and beautiful livability. The second is to speed up the implementation of rural environmental renovation and rural cleaning projects, generally establish a village-level cleaner system, establish a long-term mechanism for sanitation and cleaning, and form an urban-rural integrated garbage disposal model of "household classification, village collection, township (town) transportation and county treatment". Third, strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, carry out the zero-growth action of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, vigorously promote soil testing and formula fertilization, carry out pilot projects of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, accelerate the popularization and application of biological pesticides and green feeds, actively carry out the return of livestock manure to fields, comprehensive utilization of straw, and recycling of agricultural films, etc., promote clean production, strengthen the whole process of pollution prevention and control, and lead rural revitalization with green development. Fourth, speed up the construction of characteristic villages, pay attention to cultural inheritance, shape rural characteristics, build rural pastoral complexes and rural scenic spots, and build beautiful towns, beautiful countryside and pastoral areas, so that the countryside can become a livable home for farmers to live happily and an ecological paradise for citizens to relax, preserve their health and provide for the elderly, and a good ecology will become the supporting point for rural revitalization.
Strengthen the support of rural revitalization talents
At present, the vast majority of young and middle-aged rural laborers in China go out to work, and most of them are old people, women and migrant workers who stay in the countryside. Most of them lack cultural knowledge and modern agricultural skills, rely on physical strength and experience for agricultural production, with extensive management and lack of scientific and technological content. Rural grassroots cadres are also relatively weak, with serious shortage of personnel, poor vision, aging, skill panic and other problems. In particular, the number of agricultural technicians is small, their abilities are uneven, and compound talents are scarce. The new generation of farmers choose to work in cities rather than go home to farm, which further aggravates the shortage of rural labor and talents.
To implement the strategy of rural revitalization, we must revitalize rural talents. We should take effective measures to attract rural population to return, promote rural development through talent inflow, create conditions to encourage more and more talents to participate in rural construction, attract and retain people with rural industries, environment and opportunities, and inject vitality into rural revitalization with a steady stream of talents. First, increase policy support, use preferential policies to guide migrant workers to return home, rural college students to return home, urban scientific and technological personnel to the countryside, encourage them to start businesses in rural areas, and develop modern agriculture, rural leisure tourism and pension industries. The second is to establish a professional farmer system, implement a new professional farmer cultivation project, and vigorously support the cultivation of new professional farmers, especially a group of agricultural professional managers, brokers and cultural talents. The third is to innovate the introduction and use mechanism of rural talents, establish a flexible and diverse part-time job system for professionals such as universities and research institutes in rural areas, establish a cooperative exchange mechanism for urban and rural, regional and school personnel training, and establish a mechanism for urban scientific and technological personnel to serve in rural areas on a regular basis. Fourth, pay attention to improving the quality of rural population and strengthen rural basic education, vocational education and employment training. Cultivate a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers, and provides talent support for rural revitalization.
The experience of promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power (II) The strategy of rural revitalization focuses on pointing out the direction for rural development from the perspective of top-level design, aiming at promoting the all-round development and overall improvement of rural economy, culture, society and ecology. Starting from the factors that cause poverty, we should take different poverty alleviation measures according to different situations to help every poor household get rid of poverty, focusing on micro-policies. As cadres at all levels, we need to study, consolidate and expand the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in practical work, and strive to sing the "trilogy".
Sing the "Policy Transformation Song" well. Focusing on precision poverty alleviation, a series of village-to-village support policies have been formulated at all levels, which have played an important role in ensuring the life and production of the rural poor. In the stage of rural revitalization, cadres at all levels should expand the scope of poverty alleviation on this basis, realize the gradual opening of poverty alleviation funds to non-poor households, and stimulate the endogenous motivation of rural poor people; Improve the rural social security system, improve the democratic supervision system and assessment system of accurate poverty alleviation policy, and realize its organic combination with rural revitalization; Adhere to the combination of the overall goal of rural revitalization and rural characteristics, and formulate differentiated support policies.
Sing the "urban-rural integration song" well. The pattern of "big cities and small villages" highlights the duality of how urban and rural areas can be integrated in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Cadres at all levels should carry out orderly spatial planning in this work, divide villages into mega-villages, large villages, medium-sized villages and small villages with reference to the distance from the town center and the actual population, adopt the guiding strategy of urban-rural integration, implement expansion, merger and integration, make urban-rural mechanisms different, protect buildings and other styles bearing unique regional culture, and avoid cultural loss during demolition and construction.
Sing "technical complementary songs" well. The effective connection between rural revitalization strategy and poverty alleviation policy needs technical complementarity. Cadres at all levels should incorporate rural revitalization and precise poverty alleviation technology development into the development plan of agricultural informatization, and form a technical system that is vertically and horizontally connected. In terms of rural revitalization, it is necessary to speed up the network construction in rural areas, introduce information technology talents, analyze the market demand of agricultural development through big data, promote the development of rural e-commerce, and encourage Internet companies to establish an agricultural service platform that connects production and marketing. In terms of tackling poverty, we will promote the entry of information into villages and households, improve the accurate poverty alleviation database, and provide data support and technical support for the accurate exit of registered households through the establishment of files and the informatization construction of poverty alleviation and development.
It is an arduous task to consolidate and expand the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Cadres at all levels should take industrial development as the driving force, education and medical care as the guarantee, and environmental improvement and rural governance as the basis to create a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty. Focusing on strong agriculture, beautiful countryside and rich farmers, we will vigorously promote the strategy of rural revitalization, drive farmers to increase their income and become rich, and ensure that they will not fall behind on the road to a well-off society in an all-round way.
Experience in promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country (III) Talents are the basic guarantee for promoting rural revitalization, and the development of rural revitalization strategy cannot be separated from strong talent support, and talent revitalization is the foundation and key to rural revitalization. It is important to educate those who become world talents, and the correct direction of talent revitalization is an important factor to realize rural stability and agricultural prosperity. Rural revitalization is the key goal of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the new era, and it is particularly critical to have a diversified, high-quality work support team with a deep understanding of rural production and life.
Stay and help rural talents and help rural revitalization and development. People are rich in the countryside, and people are rich in the countryside. In selecting talents and cultivating outstanding talents for rural revitalization, we should strive to tap the "swift horse" from the current local area. First of all, while encouraging local talents to actively participate in rural construction, we should formulate and improve the growth and development mechanism of local talents, fully stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of rural talents, and give play to their technological advantages, so as to promote the rapid development of various industries and promote prosperity. Secondly, from the education, employment, medical care, infrastructure, living environment and other conditions, and constantly improve and optimize the growth and development environment of local rural talents. Through the investment of perfect guarantee mechanism and the improvement of rural infrastructure, it is believed that local rural people can better promote rural revitalization.
Cultivate talents in the new era, build rural areas and revitalize development. The countryside in the new era needs more talents in the new era to ignite. The plan of university student village official is an important way to provide talent support for rural revitalization, and it provides a source of running water for building a high-quality professional team of three rural cadres. Since the implementation of the college student village official plan, it has provided a solid talent support for rural revitalization and development. They played an active role in their work. A group of educated, managerial and technical college student village officials are quietly dedicating their youth to rural revitalization, and they are an indispensable and important talent team for rural revitalization. It is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism to guide and encourage more college graduates to work at the grassroots level and encourage more young and promising young people to take root at the grassroots level and serve rural revitalization.
It is necessary to build nests to attract phoenix and revitalize the countryside with talents. It is necessary to guide migrant workers, college graduates, scientific and technological personnel, and retired military personnel. To encourage, support and guide rural elites to return to their hometowns for rural revitalization, we should not only rely on local government departments to create convenient conditions and policy support, but also improve rural infrastructure, narrow the gap between urban and rural basic public services, and better solve the worries of returning elites. Plant buttonwood to attract phoenix. Create a good atmosphere of "attracting talents by environment and retaining talents by service", formulate preferential policies for talents, finance and taxation, build a platform for talents to start businesses, attract more talents to return to their hometowns, promote the all-round development and upgrading of rural revitalization, and write a new chapter in rural revitalization.
Talent revitalization is the core soul to help rural revitalization and development, and rural revitalization must put talents first. Talent is the pillar of innovation and entrepreneurship. Only when the talent pillar is stable can we build a building for rural revitalization in the new era and open a new situation for rural revitalization.
The experience of promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country (IV) To implement rural revitalization, we must give priority to the development of human capital, do a good job in rural talent policy and improve the construction of talent service mechanism. We not only attach importance to the cultivation of local talents, but also cultivate a large number of new professional farmers, making them the main force to promote rural revitalization. At the same time, we should also attract talents who know science and technology, market, law and management to innovate and start businesses in rural areas, so as to make rural areas a vast world for talents to make a difference, build a high-quality professional rural revitalization team that understands agriculture, loves rural areas and loves farmers, and enhance the innovation driving force of agricultural development and the vitality of rural industrial development and economic and social development. Cultural revitalization is the soul.
Rural cultural construction is the source of rural revitalization. As an important part of China's social and cultural system, rural culture brings together the beauty of local culture. If there is no inheritance and innovation of rural culture, or even synchronous revitalization of rural culture, then rural revitalization will lose its true soul. Therefore, the implementation of rural revitalization must grasp the soul of rural culture. It is necessary to conform to the requirements of the new era, promote the integration of urban and rural cultures, protect and inherit rural cultures, upgrade cultural products, promote cultural supply, and vigorously develop rural characteristic cultures and industries. It is also necessary to open up the "last mile" of rural cultural services, solve the problem of cultural services, let socialist core values take root in rural areas, and constantly improve the sense of gain in cultural achievements and happiness in spiritual and cultural life of rural people. Ecological revitalization is fundamental.
"Clear sea water and lush mountains are priceless wealth, and ecology is the foundation of human survival. Only by realizing ecological revitalization can we achieve the goal of civilized and harmonious rural revitalization. Rural revitalization is inseparable from ecological revitalization, and green development is the only way for rural revitalization. Due to the relative backwardness of rural environmental protection in previous years, this has undoubtedly brought more problems to rural ecological revitalization, which needs to be solved with great efforts. We should always adhere to the green ecological orientation, improve the mode of agricultural production and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Continue to attack the prevention and control of environmental pollution in rural areas, improve the virtuous cycle of energy supply, and explore the road of green development in rural areas. Constantly improve the lasting vitality of rural revitalization. The land of thousands of feet, the land with high trees, deep roots and lush foliage, and towering buildings rely on solid foundations. The rural revitalization strategy makes the country's foundation more stable, and the motherland must stand more firmly in the east of the world cave. Let us work hard with confidence and contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation under the traction of the rural revitalization strategy.
The experience of promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country (V) This year is the decisive year of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", which also means a crucial year for getting rid of poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way. Poverty-stricken people and poverty-stricken areas will enter a well-off society in an all-round way with the people of the whole country. The road to success is not always smooth, and it is inevitable to stumble before reaching the finish line. More importantly, what to do after the sprint is completed.
For areas where the task and difficulty of poverty alleviation are relatively concentrated in the vast rural areas, how to combine poverty alleviation with rural revitalization strategy and give play to "1+1>; The promotion of "2" requires us to plan measures and implement them in a two-pronged manner.
In the planning of measures, it is necessary to reflect the requirements of comprehensive coverage and precise orientation. For the low-income population in key rural areas and underdeveloped areas, it is necessary to establish corresponding assistance mechanisms and maintain certain financial input in order to achieve overall stability. For poverty-stricken counties in underdeveloped areas in the west, we can focus on supporting a number of key counties for rural revitalization, promote local industrial development according to local conditions, tap their own development potential, and consolidate the results of poverty alleviation. For the problem of returning to poverty, we should improve the detection and supporting assistance mechanism to prevent poor households from struggling back and forth between poverty alleviation and returning to poverty. For the rural social security and assistance system, we should promote it to actively adapt to rural revitalization and ensure that the vast rural population has the ability to cope with risks, natural disasters and diseases.
In terms of specific implementation, the policies formulated cannot be separated from the implementation of units and individuals, so the rural revitalization leaves unprofessional talents. To implement the rural revitalization strategy, it is necessary to cultivate a team of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" who understand agriculture, understand the countryside and love farmers. Go deep into poverty-stricken areas to understand the truth, and support Internet information resources to play a leading role in rural revitalization according to local characteristics and advantages. For the problem of "three rural" teams going to the countryside, we should broaden the channels to attract talents to gather wisdom, for example, through the existing recruitment system for civil servants and institutions, to gather "three rural" talents to the countryside and contribute to the implementation and promotion of the rural revitalization strategy. For the cultivation of the "three rural" team, we need to pay attention to the cultivation of local talents, improve the knowledge and cultural level and professional practice ability of local young talents through higher vocational colleges and vocational skills training, and cultivate a group of local talents who can be used and retained in rural areas.
The connotation of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization is to improve people's quality of life and improve the level of social construction, which is the same. On the vast land, farmers in China who have faced the loess and turned their backs to the sky for generations are no longer hungry and cold.