1, well control refers to the implementation of oil and gas wells (pressure control).

2. Well control technology can be divided into primary well control, (secondary well control) and (tertiary well control) according to control methods.

3. After drilling the oil and gas reservoir, before tripping out, perform (short tripping) operation, that is, trip out of the well before tripping out (10 ~

15) string the drilling tool, then run it to the bottom of the well and start the pump for circulation once.

4. Suction pressure is mainly generated in the process of tripping out, which makes the bottom hole pressure (decrease), and its excessive value will lead to overflow.

5. Check the grouting condition every time (3) drill pipes or (1) drill collars are pulled out.

6. When the well is shut in, the gas column pressure (constant), the bottom hole pressure (rising) and the wellhead pressure are constantly rising during the gas column sliding and rising in the well.

7. The driller uses (raw slurry) to replace the overflow in the well to the ground in the first cycle, and uses (killing fluid) to replace the raw slurry to the ground in the second week.

8. There are two well shut-in methods after overflow, one is (soft shut-in) and the other is (hard shut-in).

9. When a blowout occurs in a shallow gas layer, the well without enough casing can only be shut in (choke and blowout).

10, the hydrostatic column pressure depends on the liquid column (vertical height) and (liquid column density), and has nothing to do with the cross-sectional area and the shape of the liquid column.

1 1. The contents of "three mornings" of well control: early detection, (early shut-in) and (early treatment).

Second, the single choice (65438+ 0.5 points per question, *** 30 points)

1, the hydrostatic column pressure of drilling fluid is related to (c).

A, caliper and drilling fluid density b, caliper and drilling fluid density c, drilling fluid density and vertical depth d, caliper and vertical depth.

2. Stop all operations immediately after the overflow is found (a) as soon as possible.

A, shut in B according to shut-in procedure, start pump circulation C, run bit to bottom hole D, and increase mud.

3, the maximum allowable shut-in casing pressure must be lower than (d).

A, the formation fracture pressure is the weakest; b, the internal pressure strength of casing is 80%.

C, the highest working pressure d of the oil well packer, and the minimum value in the above data.

4. Bottom hole pressure (b) when natural gas in the well rises after gas invasion and shut-in.

A, constant b, increasing c, decreasing d, uncertainty.

5. When the shut-in casing pressure rises close to the maximum allowable shut-in casing pressure after a well overflows, it should be (b).

A. Open the BOP to relieve pressure; B, properly open the throttle valve to release the pressure.

C, protect the environment by leaking stratum d, and organize evacuation.

6, the following four cases, (a) when the bottom hole pressure is the smallest.

A, trip b, trip c, stay put d, drill.

7. During well killing, the bottom hole pressure is controlled by adjusting (A).

A. Pump speed of throttle valve B, BOP C, accumulator D and mud pump

8, the factor that affects the fluctuation pressure is (D).

A, tripping speed b, annular gap c and drilling fluid performance d are all ok.

9. Which of the following pressures is calculated by using shut-in vertical pressure in well killing calculation? (1)

A, formation pressure b, hydrostatic pressure c, fracture pressure d, low pump speed pressure loss

10 to reduce the swabbing pressure (c) during tripping.

A, control the tripping speed; B, control the performance of drilling fluid; All of the above are correct.

1 1. The hydrostatic column pressure at the bottom of the well is 25MPa, the annular pressure is reduced to 1.0mpa, and the bottom hole pressure is (c) after the pump is started.

A, 25MPa B, 24MPa C, 26MPa D, all of which are wrong.

12. Under the same borehole conditions, which well killing method produces the lowest casing pressure? (2)

A, driller method b, engineer method c and cyclic weighting method d are the same.

13, the relationship between ROP and well depth in normal shale sedimentary strata is (b).

A is directly proportional to B and inversely proportional to C, regardless of D, uncertain.

14, if the well depth is 1300m, the drilling fluid density in the drill pipe is 1.2g/cm3, the vertical shut-in pressure is 3MPa, and the minimum hydrostatic pressure required to balance the formation pressure is (d).

A,15mpa b,18mpa c,18.28mpa d,18.29mpa.

15, and the initial circulating pressure is determined by vertical pressure plus (b).

A, safety added value b, low pump speed and pressure c, shut-in vertical pressure d, casing pressure

16. When the driller is used to kill the well, the vertical pressure (c) should be maintained in the first cycle.

A, slow down b, slow down c, unchanged d, out of control.

17. During normal drilling, the annular flow resistance is 1.5MPa, the bottom hole pressure is 25.5MPa, and the bottom hole pressure after stopping the pump is

Mental trauma and pain.

a、25.5 B、24 C、27 D、 1.5

18. In the process of well killing after overflow, the method to keep the bottom hole pressure constant is to maintain the pressure acting on the bottom hole.

(C) 10 .

A, equal to vertical pressure b, equal to casing pressure c, at least equal to formation pressure d, equal to low pump speed.

19. When to keep the casing pressure constant when killing the well with the driller (A).

A, when the pump speed rises from 0 to the killing pump speed; b, when the gas reaches the ground; c, when the gas reaches the wellhead.

D, no need

20, in the process of drilling, if other conditions remain unchanged, formation pressure will increase the penetration rate (a).

A, increase B, decrease C, keep D, and fluctuate up and down.

Three. Judgment (per question 1, *** 15)

(? ) 1. Read the shut-in vertical pressure and shut-in casing pressure immediately after the overflow shut-in.

(? 2. The displacement of pressure leakage test is equal to that of normal drilling.

(? 3. In order to prevent excessive pressure fluctuation during tripping, the tripping speed should be controlled.

(? 4. The formation pressure increases with the increase of well depth, and the formation pressure gradient also increases with the increase of well depth.

(? 5. If the pressure coefficient is small, the formation will not overflow and the drilling work is very safe.

(? 6. The reason of overflow during tripping out may be the swabbing pressure generated during tripping out.

(? 7. After overflow, the earlier the well is shut in, the higher the drilling fluid column in the well, and the greater the shut-in casing pressure.

(? 8. After well killing construction and before well opening, check whether the vertical pressure and casing pressure are zero.

(? 9. The influence of natural gas invasion on bottom hole pressure is greater than that of water and oil invasion.

(? ) 10. If 3m3 overflow occurs in the same well, the casing pressure will be greater than 4m3 overflow.

(? ) 1 1. After gas invasion of drilling fluid, the drilling fluid should be treated with degasser first.

(? ) 12, because the lower layer bears higher pressure than the upper layer, the lower layer is the most prone to rupture.

(? ) 13. After long-term shut-in, the wellhead pressure continues to rise, which proves that the formation pressure is rising.

(? ) 14. No matter what kind of fluid invades the well, the casing pressure and vertical pressure will continue to rise after the well is shut in.

(? ) 15. During well killing, when natural gas reaches the wellhead, the liquid level of the ground drilling fluid pool reaches the highest.

Four, short answer (5 points for each question, *** 15 points)

1. What is the effect of bottom hole pressure difference on ROP? Why?

Answer: The greater the bottom hole pressure difference, the smaller the ROP.

Reasons of bottom hole pressure difference affecting ROP;

(1) The pressure difference at the bottom of the well can maintain the pressure of the cuttings at the bottom of the well. (2) The pressure difference increases the strength of the rock at the bottom of the well.

2. Write down the omen of overflow during drilling?

A:

(1) The liquid level in the mud pit rises.

(2) The velocity of drilling fluid at the outlet increases.

(3) Stop the pump and the drilling fluid overflows.

(4) The ROP suddenly increases or empties.

(5) The circulating pump pressure drops and the pump speed increases.

(6) The hanging weight of drilling tools changes.

(7) Changes in drilling fluid performance.

3. Write the shut-in procedure for overflow during drilling.

Answer: 1) signal.

2) Stop the rotary table, stop the pump and lift the drilling tool.

3) Open the hydraulic (manual) flat valve.

4) Close the oil well sealer.

5) Close the throttle valve, try to shut in the well, and then connect the downstream flat valve.

6) Recognition of shut-in vertical pressure Pd and shut-in casing pressure Pa, and mud pit increment? Five.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) calculation (4 points for each question, ***20 points)

1. The vertical depth of a well is 3000m, the drilling fluid density is1.60g/cm3, and the annular flow resistance during circulation is1.0mpa. Find the bottom hole pressure during circulation and when the pump is stopped.

Solution: When the pump is stopped: bottom hole pressure = 0.0098? 1.60? 3000 = 47. 1 (MPa)

During circulation: bottom hole pressure = 0.009 1? 1.60? 300047. 1 + 1.0

= 48. 1 (MPa)

2. It is known that the vertical depth of a well is 2000 meters and the formation pressure is 28 MPa, so the drilling fluid density needed to balance the formation pressure is found.

Solution:? p = 28/(0.0098？ 2000) = 1.43 (g/cm3)

3. The vertical shut-in pressure of a well is 6MPa, the vertical well depth is 3000m, and the drilling fluid density is 1.4g/cm3. If the pay zone is an oil layer, to what extent should the density of killing mud be increased?

Solution:? m 1 = 1.4 + 6/(0.0098？ 3000) +( 0.05~0. 10)

=1.66 ~1.71(g/cm3)

4. The formation fracturing pressure gradient is 0.0 15 MPa/m, and the casing shoe is 2000m deep. Find out the formation fracture pressure and the maximum allowable drilling fluid density.

Solution: Pf = 0.0 15? 2000 =30 MPa

? M max = 0.015/0.0098 =1.53 (g/cm3)

5. When the fracturing pressure is tested at 3000m in a well, the formation fracturing pressure is 50MPa, and the drilling fluid density in the well is relatively high during the test.

3 degrees is 1.40g/cm. If overflow occurs, find out the maximum allowable shut-in casing pressure.

Solution: Pf = 50? 0.0098 1 ? 3000 ? 1.4 = 8.84 (MPa)