Basic introduction Chinese name: hand tools classification: wrench, pliers, screwdriver. Full name: Definition of hand tools: structure, classification, screwdriver, wrench, hammer, electric probe, tape measure, wallpaper knife, electrician's knife, hacksaw, spirit level, wire cutters, needle-nosed pliers, wire stripping pliers, operating tools, precision hand tools, wrenches and hammers. Safety matters, hazards, precautions, selection methods and structures Hand tools can be divided into wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers, tape measures, hammers, sleeves, cutting tools, scissors, sleeve sets and tool carts, and each category has different models. Wrenches include open-ended wrenches (manipulators), double-ring wrenches, ratchet wrenches (quick wrenches), dual-purpose wrenches (compound wrenches), tubing wrenches, T-socket wrenches, cross-socket wrenches, adjustable wrench, etc. Pliers include wire cutters, needle-nosed pliers, oblique-nosed pliers, buckle pliers, carp pliers, water pump pliers, pipe pliers, strong pliers, etc. Screwdriver has a word, cross, meter, hexagon, pattern and other categories; Sleeves are divided into ordinary sleeves, patterned sleeves (E-shaped sleeves), screwdriver sleeves (drill sleeves), spark plug sleeves and powerful sleeves. According to specifications, there are three common specifications: 1/4 ",3/8" and 1/2 ",where" is inches; At the same time, each specification is divided into 6-corner sleeve and 12-corner sleeve; There are claw hammer, locksmith hammer, round hammer, rubber hammer and installation hammer. Cutting categories include files, diamond files, iron scissors, aviation scissors, art knives, square pipe saws, pipe cutters, wire cutters and other categories; In terms of materials, there are vanadium steel, carbon steel and alloy steel. A tool for turning a screw to force it into place, usually with a thin wedge-shaped head that can be inserted into a groove or groove of the screw head, also known as a screwdriver. A hand tool uses the lever principle to tighten bolts, screws, nuts and other fasteners to the openings or sockets of bolts or nuts. Wrenches usually have openings or holes at one or both ends of the handle to clamp the handle and apply external force, so that bolts or nuts can be rotated and held by the handle. When in use, the bolt or nut can be tightened by applying external force to the handle along the rotation direction of the thread. A hammer is a tool that strikes an object to make it move or deform. It is most commonly used to knock nails, correct or open objects. There are many forms of hammer. The common form is a handle and a top. One side of the top is flat for knocking, and the other side is a hammer. The hammer can be angular or wedge-shaped, and its function is to pull nails. In addition, it has a round-headed hammer. The electric pen is also called the electric pen, or "electric pen" for short. It is an electrical tool used to test whether there is electricity in the wire. There is a neon bulb in the pen. If the neon lamp glows during the test, it means that the wire has electricity or is the live wire of the channel. The tip and tail of the electric pen are made of metal materials, and the pen holder is made of insulating materials. When using the electric probe, be sure to touch the metal part at the end of the electric probe by hand, otherwise the neon bubble in the electric probe will not glow because the charged body, the electric probe, the human body and the earth have not formed a loop, which will lead to misjudgment and think that the charged body is not charged. Tape measure is a common measuring tool in daily life. What we often see is a steel tape measure, which is often used in construction and decoration, and is also one of the necessary tools for families. Divided into fiber tape measure, tape measure, waist measure and so on. Lu Banchi, Feng Shui ruler and secretary also belong to steel tape measure. A wallpaper knife with a sharp blade is used to cut wallpaper and other things, hence the name "wallpaper knife", also known as "art knife". Decoration, decoration, advertising plaque industry commonly used. Electrician knife Electrician knife is a common cutting tool for electricians. An ordinary electrician knife consists of a blade, a blade, a handle and a hanging knife. When not in use, retract the blade into the handle. The root of the blade is hinged with the handle, and the handle is provided with scale lines and scale lines. The front end is provided with a screwdriver head, and both sides are provided with filing areas. There is a concave knife edge on the blade, and the end of the knife edge has a tip. The handle is provided with a protective button to prevent the blade from bouncing. The blade assembly of electric knife has many functions. When in use, all wiring operations can be completed by only one electrician's knife, and no other tools need to be carried, which has the beneficial effects of simple structure, convenient use and multiple functions. Bow saws include hand saws (household and woodworking), cutting saws (branch pruning), folding saws (branch pruning), hand-held bow saws, edging saws (woodworking), longitudinal saws (woodworking) and cross-cutting saws (woodworking). The spirit level has horizontal bubbles, which can be used to check, measure and debug whether the equipment is installed horizontally. Wire pliers Wire pliers are a tool for clamping and shearing, which consists of a pliers head and a pliers handle. The chuck comprises a jaw, a tooth opening, a blade and a chisel opening. The functions of various parts of pliers are as follows: ① The tooth opening can be used to tighten or loosen nuts; ② Knife edge can be used to cut rubber or plastic insulation layer of flexible cord, and can also be used to cut wires and iron wires; (3) Chisels can be used to cut hard metal wires such as wires and steel wires; ④ The insulated plastic tube of pliers can withstand the voltage above 500 V. With it, the wires can be cut off by electricity. Needle-nosed pliers, also known as trimming pliers, are mainly used for cutting single-stranded and multi-stranded wires with smaller wire diameters, bending wire joints of single-stranded needle-nosed pliers, stripping plastic insulation and so on. It is also one of the tools commonly used by electricians (especially internal electricians). It consists of a tip, a knife edge and a pliers handle. The handle of electric needle-nosed pliers is sheathed with an insulating sleeve with a rated voltage of 500 volts. Needle-nosed pliers are used in narrow spaces because of their sharp heads. The operation method of bending the wire connector with needle-nosed pliers is: first bend the end of the wire to the left, and then bend it clockwise next to the screw. Stripping pliers Stripping pliers are one of the tools commonly used by internal electricians, motor repair and instrument electricians. The appearance is shown in the following figure. It consists of a knife edge, a thread pressing port and a pliers handle. The handle of the wire stripper is sheathed with an insulating sleeve with a rated working voltage of 500 V. Wire stripper is suitable for stripping plastic and rubber insulated wires and cable cores. The use method is: put the thread end to be peeled into the cutting edge of the pliers head, hold the two pliers handles by hand, and then release them, so that the insulation skin will be separated from the core wire. Operating tools: Seiko hand tools 1. Choose a suitable saw blade to cooperate with the work, such as 0/4 teeth per inch/kloc-for sawing solid or thick soft metal; 18 teeth per pin of tool steel, iron pipe and hard metal; 24 teeth per inch is suitable for sawing metal plates, metal pipes and thin iron bars. 2. Push the saw forward and lift it gently when pulling it back. Wrench 1, the wrench with appropriate size should be selected according to the working nature. 2. When using adjustable wrench, apply force to the fixed edge, and never to the movable edge. 3. If the opening of the wrench is worn or slipped during use, do not use it again to avoid slipping. 4. Don't knock with a wrench as a shovel. 5. Don't put a tube at the handle end of the wrench to increase the torque of the wrench. Long square Long square: press the inside of the first side of the square and lean against the edge of the board. Draw a vertical line along the inside of the second side of the square with a pencil. Screwdriver 1 should match the size and shape of the screw head groove, and select a suitable screwdriver. 2, screwdriver handle can't use a hammer, handle damage should be replaced immediately. 3. Don't use the screwdriver as a chisel or lever. 4. Check the current with an electrician screwdriver, not the high voltage with an ordinary screwdriver. 5. The screwdriver blade should not be ground to avoid damaging the hardened surface. 6. Don't put the screwdriver in the pocket of clothes or trousers, so as to avoid being injured when colliding or falling. C-clamp C-clamp is used to fix the workpiece. When clamping an object, the rotating shaft and rocker are facing down. Generally, 3-inch clips or 4-inch clips can be used, and the number of clips is small. Pliers 1, pliers are only used to fasten, insert and take out all kinds of pins and nails, and cut or twist off all kinds of wires. 2. Pliers cannot be used to tighten or knock bolts or nuts. 3, pliers handle can't beat or lengthen the handle to increase the power of clamping or cutting. Woodworking knives Woodworking knives are generally used to trim irregular details. The blade is a whole piece and is not easy to break. Safety hazards Common hazards caused by hand tools include: 1, cut by sharp parts. 2. Stabbed by a sharp part. 3. Being caught by a tool. 4. It will hurt your hand when hammering. 5. Injured by flying debris from work. 6. Affected by noise generated at work. 7. Inhale dust generated during work. Precautions 1. Before use, hand tools must be checked for damage. Unsafe tools should not be used. 2. Keep the tools clean, especially the hand-held parts of the tools, so as to avoid slipping and falling out at work. 3. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as goggles and gloves. 4. Use hand tools with correct posture and technique. When using hand tools, the posture should be stable and safest. Don't push too hard. 5. When using sharp tools, never point the blade or sharp part at others. 6. When not in use, the tools should be wrapped with protective objects to protect the blades or sharp parts, and avoid carrying tools with your hands or putting them in your pockets. 7. Hand tools should not be abused for other purposes. 8. Understand the characteristics of various hand tools and use them correctly. There are many brands of hand tools at home and abroad, such as kenyon Park, German K brand (pliers are better), American Stanley, Snap-on and so on. And domestic brands such as Wendeng Mai Bo, Shanghai Shida, Jiashan Jinyi, Ningbo Jiejie (sleeves, covers and tool carts are better) and Yuyao Great Wall (tape measure is better). The type and selection of hand tools are very important, and the factors to be considered include: 1 and the needs of the process. 2. Nature of work. 3. Materials of tools. 4. The shape, size and weight of the tool itself.