Keywords: road trucks; Overload and overrun; Illegal vehicles; Harm; Governance countermeasures
At present, all parts of the country are carrying out special struggles to control overload and overrun, and have achieved certain results. The so-called overload transportation refers to the behavior of all kinds of motor vehicles driving on the highway loading goods beyond the provisions of the road administration department [1]. Roads, like people, are alive, and overloading trucks is the most harmful to roads. Roads with a design life of 20 years usually need to be renovated in less than 4 years. "Highway Law" and "Regulations on the Management of Over-limit Transport Vehicles Driving on Highways" prohibit vehicles from overloading, but because transport professionals are driven by interests, over-limit vehicles are repeatedly prohibited. Overloaded transportation is known as the number one "road killer" and "accident culprit" [2], which not only destroys roads and causes road traffic accidents, but also damages the image of the government among the people. It is urgent to control overload.
First, highway overload transportation is extremely harmful.
(a) serious damage to highway facilities, increase highway maintenance costs, shorten the service life of highways. According to experts' analysis, the increase of vehicle overload weight and its damage to pavement show geometric progression. The damage of trucks with overload 10% will increase by 40%, and the damage of vehicles with overload twice is equivalent to 16 times. The damage of a 36-ton overloaded vehicle to the road is equivalent to the damage of a 9600 1.8-ton car. For every 65,438+0 yuan profit for drivers and car owners, the cost of road damage will be 65,438+000 yuan [3]. According to the standard of compensation (compensation) 100 yuan/ton for overloaded transportation in Fujian province, the money collected by the highway administration department is only that the pavement will be structurally damaged after the overloaded vehicles increase the road damage repair load, resulting in cracks, deformation, looseness and potholes on the pavement. More than 6000 overloaded vehicles run back and forth on the expressway every day in Longyan and Zhangzhou sections of National Highway 3 19. Longyan section has been overwhelmed, and the pavement cracks, dislocations and arch cracks of stone arch bridges are very prominent. Zhangzhou overload section is 80 kilometers long, and tens of millions of yuan have been spent on maintenance, with an average annual recovery investment of tens of millions of yuan.
(2) It poses a serious threat to the safety of highway bridges. Most overloaded vehicles are equipped with leaf springs, which greatly exceed the design load standard of highway bridges, resulting in arch ring cracking and pier deformation in most bridges and culverts, causing catastrophic damage to bridge structures. At present, overloaded trucks are getting bigger and heavier. A 5-ton truck is actually transformed into a 20-ton or even 30-ton truck, and a 15-ton truck is transformed into a nearly 100-ton truck [5]. No wonder the Zhanbei Bridge, the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Bridge, the Xixi Bridge, the Jiangdong Bridge Bridge and the Guokeng Bridge in Zhangzhou have all become dangerous bridges, some of which have been demolished and rebuilt, and some of them are closed to cars, only motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians are allowed to pass.
(three) resulting in a large loss of state fees, affecting the financing of highway construction. Over-limit transportation makes the freight rate depressed and interferes with the healthy development of the transportation industry. China's freight market is the first to open. In the early days of reform and opening up, self-employed people were allowed to run transportation. In the early days, car owners and drivers earned a lot of money. The so-called "to get rich, Kaminooji" and "when the wheel turns, a bundle of banknotes". Later, due to the lack of macro-control, imbalance between supply and demand, more cars and less goods, capacity expansion, excess capacity crowded in the limited freight market space. In order to win business, car owners compete to lower prices, which leads to lower freight rates. The decline in freight rates stimulates over-limit transportation, and over-limit transportation makes up for losses, forming a vicious circle in which the lower the over-limit freight rate, the lower the over-limit freight rate. On the other hand, due to the low road freight rate, the goods originally transported by rail or water have also turned to pass. At present, most transportation fees such as road maintenance fees, freight charges, passenger surcharges, transportation management fees and vehicle notification fees are calculated according to the approved tonnage of vehicles. The higher the tonnage, the greater the application volume. In order to pay less, the phenomenon of "big tons and small standards" of freight vehicles is serious; In order to make more money, the coal truck is heightened, the manger is widened, and Dora runs fast; What's more, some lawless elements collude with each other, and several trucks drive on different roads with the same license plate number, which leads to a large loss of national transportation fees, reduces the investment in highway construction and highway maintenance funds, and hinders the development of backward highway transportation.
(4) It is easy to cause road traffic accidents. Frequent traffic accidents and bridge collapse accidents on expressways in various provinces are closely related to overload and overrun, and often cause congestion of local traffic lines or "cold" of regional road networks, which brings great pressure to the work of local traffic management departments. Over-limit transport vehicles, especially some modified and assembled vehicles, are actually only configured to stay in the factory. Due to the long-term overload of a large number of overloaded transport vehicles, the safety performance of vehicle braking and running is rapidly declining, which is manifested in tire puncture, brake failure, steering gear light floating, leaf spring fracture, half shaft fracture, etc., which brings great accident hidden danger to traffic safety. According to statistics, more than 80% of road traffic accidents of heavy trucks are caused by overloaded transportation.
(five) lead to abnormal development of the automobile industry. The development experience of automobile industry in developed countries shows that the large-scale and specialization of transportation vehicles can greatly reduce transportation costs, and manufacturing large-scale vehicles is a worldwide development trend. When purchasing vehicles, some operators often want to buy trucks with small tonnage and large actual load capacity in order to avoid state expenses and maximize profits. However, in order to open up the market, some automobile manufacturing and refitting enterprises cater to the psychology of car buyers who pay less tolls and insurance premiums, regardless of the road carrying capacity, produce heavy-duty cars with large tonnage and small axles at will, forge models and technical data, reduce tonnage promotion, and provide product certificates for the same car at will to seek illegitimate economic benefits. It hinders the development of large-scale, specialized and high-grade freight transportation, hinders the upgrading of vehicles and the adjustment of vehicle structure, and is difficult to improve the competitiveness and economic interests of freight enterprises.
Second, the specific countermeasures to control overload and overrun transportation
Out-of-gauge transportation involves many problems such as vehicle production, transportation market, charge management, public interests and so on. To completely eradicate this stubborn disease, we must unite the whole country, focus on "blocking", treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and comprehensively manage it.
(a) to carry out legal publicity work. Local governments at all levels and relevant departments should actively carry out legal publicity and education activities in combination with the national "Fourth Five-Year Plan" for popularizing law, vigorously publicize the highway law and relevant laws and regulations, further expand the publicity targets, make the masses, especially drivers and transportation professionals, learn, understand and abide by the law, and create a good law enforcement environment for road administration departments. At the same time, we should take practical and effective measures to publicize and introduce the dangers of over-limit transportation, win the understanding and support of the masses, emphasize vivid and profound intuitive education through the analysis of typical cases, and constantly improve the people's traffic awareness and concept of the rule of law.
(2) Improve the system and strengthen management. Local party committees and governments should unify their thinking, raise awareness and strengthen macro-control of the transportation market. The legislature should formulate some normative documents in time and establish a sound legal system according to the needs of the development of the situation. Reasonable regulation of transportation capacity, standardize transportation behavior, and promote the balance between supply and demand of transportation capacity and transportation volume in the transportation market; Promote containerized transportation mode and standardize the types of road freight vehicles, especially those for special products; Intensify the investigation and punishment of illegal enterprises, strengthen the control of automobile production, prohibit the production of illegal and over-limit vehicles, and prohibit the illegal modification of vehicles. Speed up the rectification of the production management catalogue of freight motor vehicles, formulate relevant accountability systems, and put an end to problems such as "big tons and small labels" and reselling product certificates: public security traffic police should strengthen the management of vehicle settlement sources and settle vehicles well. If the technical data registered on the driving license is obviously inconsistent with the technical data of the modified vehicle, it will not be settled; The relevant departments shall ban units and individual owners who illegally modify vehicles without authorization, and prohibit illegally modified vehicles from driving on the road. For illegally modified vehicles, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive clean-up, and for vehicles that do not meet the requirements, their licenses should be cancelled and severely punished; The freight department should strictly control the supply of goods and prohibit the overloading of vehicles. Highway departments should re-check the carrying capacity of highways and make clear signs.
(3) Strengthening the construction of law enforcement teams. The level of law enforcement depends on the quality of law enforcement personnel, so we must strengthen the education, management and training of law enforcement team and carry out the "four educations" in depth; Purpose education, legal policy education, professional ethics education and diligent and honest education; Constantly improve the "three qualities" of law enforcement personnel: political quality, professional quality and legal quality; Consolidate and establish the "two consciousnesses" of mass consciousness and service consciousness: strengthen the concept of driving and handling cases according to law, and strive to establish a "team": a law enforcement team with firm politics, proficient business, excellent style and fair law enforcement. It is necessary to strictly control personnel selection, system and training, establish a correct outlook on life, values and world, strengthen the spirit of loving one's post and dedication, change management into service, bear in mind the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, enhance the awareness of "safeguarding rights and protecting roads", and strive to achieve civilized law enforcement and enthusiastic service. Effectively improve the administrative law enforcement level of road officials to meet the needs of market economy development.
(4) Joint action and comprehensive management. From June 5438 to February 2003, Beijing and five provinces and cities in North China jointly acted to build four defense lines to strictly block overloaded vehicles, strengthen the rectification and connection between expressways and ordinary highways, and make illegal overloaded vehicles have no way to escape. This is a good start. Party committees and governments at all levels should take the lead in convening public security, transportation, coal mines, industry and commerce, news and other departments to form a comprehensive law enforcement brigade, unify decrees, take joint actions, make concerted efforts, launch a special struggle to control overloading nationwide, and severely crack down on illegal overloading. The law enforcement brigade should always organize and arrange personnel to patrol the road, set up checkpoints at designated locations, and charge by weight. The basic principles are: reducing empty car charges, standard loading charges, reasonable overloading charges, and releasing severely overloaded vehicles. Specifically, the classification standard of trucks issued by the Ministry of Communications is converted into the classification standard of charging by weight according to "vehicle self-weight+quasi-loading quality +20% allowable loading error = recognized total mass", and trucks are classified according to the actual total mass when passing, and tolls are collected according to this charging standard and mileage. Resolutely unloading overloaded vehicles and putting an end to the practice of releasing them after collecting fines are effective measures to stop overloading. At the same time, investigate the joint responsibility of relevant units, and punish not only the owner but also the enterprise for overloading the vehicles hauling goods by industrial and mining enterprises. All departments should coordinate and strengthen ties between provinces to avoid repeated law enforcement and punishment. It is necessary to strictly regulate law enforcement, ensure that the subject of administrative law enforcement is legal, the illegal facts are conclusive, the law enforcement basis and procedures are correct, the law enforcement documents are complete, and the case is filed in time to ensure the quality of investigation and handling of over-limit transportation.
In a word, it is a long-term and arduous task to control over-limit transportation, which needs continuous exploration and innovation. Only when all departments work together to form a joint force and make unremitting efforts can we stabilize road conditions, keep roads intact and smooth, and promote healthy and rapid economic development.