1. There are many interdisciplinary and cross-system diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, tension pneumothorax, cerebral hemorrhage, febrile convulsion in children, emergency delivery and serious injury.

2. Patients with acute myocardial infarction suddenly appear ventricular fibrillation, and patients with cerebral hemorrhage suddenly appear asphyxia.

Interests, etc.

3. Suddenness is strong and time is tight. All kinds of emergencies, especially catastrophic accidents, are unpredictable and sudden. Such as acute myocardial infarction, sudden death, acute poisoning, massive hemorrhage, etc. The "prime time" to save lives is often within a few minutes.

4. There are many wounded people, and serious and complicated catastrophic accidents often have group casualties, such as air crashes, mine accidents, landslides, fires, etc. For another example, mechanical, physical, chemical and biological injuries can occur at the same time, and can cause injuries to multiple systems, organs and parts.

5. Working environment and working conditions are often narrow, chaotic, dark, dangerous and bumpy, such as rescuing patients who fall into septic tanks; Another example is that the treatment method is worse than that of the hospital, which makes community first aid more difficult.

6. The vast community outside the hospital, such as families, streets, parks, fields, shopping malls, public toilets, and work units, may have all kinds of high-mobility injuries.

7. High risk not only has great technical risk, but also personal injury risk, such as entering toxic gas leakage environment, fire, landslide scene, criminal crime scene, etc. And meeting mental patients or alcoholics.

8. First-aid workers with heavy labor intensity often have to climb tall buildings or walk long distances with heavy equipment on their backs.

Walking, carrying patients, etc.

9. There are few emergency personnel, and the task is usually only one or two medical staff. For example, on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires chest compressions and artificial ventilation, establishment of drug delivery channels, ECG monitoring, and handling of peripheral affairs.

10. The scope of social work often goes beyond the medical field and needs to communicate with all sectors of society, such as patients' families, neighbors, colleagues, witnesses, onlookers, police, journalists, criminal suspects, medical staff in hospital emergency departments, etc.

To sum up, community nurses must have good quality conditions in many aspects, such as ideology, morality, personality, psychology, character, temperament, body, will, culture, education, knowledge, technology, experience and ability, in order to better complete the community emergency nursing work.

Second, the principle of community first aid

1. Obey the command to participate in the rescue of large-scale catastrophic accidents, and medical personnel should obey the command and obey the command; Help the government share its worries and not add chaos to the leaders.

2. Disease Assessment: Evaluate the patient's condition or injury quickly and accurately in a comprehensive and centralized way, so as to determine the situation that should be given priority to rescue.

3. Save people first, save people first, and then carry out other treatments, such as multiple injuries. First of all, ensure airway patency and stop bleeding.

4. On-site rescue For acute critical illness or serious injury, such as acute myocardial infarction complicated with fatal arrhythmia and spinal cord injury, on-site rescue should be adhered to. If you are at the scene of fire, landslide, gas leakage and other accidents, you should immediately remove the patient from the dangerous environment and then rescue him.

5. Symptomatic treatment is often due to tight time, acute, severe and complicated condition, and it is impossible to diagnose the condition at one time or treat the cause due to the limitation of treatment conditions. The most important thing is symptomatic treatment, which can often help patients get through the critical period, win time and create conditions for the follow-up treatment of the hospital.

6. Community nurses seeking help should seek help from the emergency center when rescuing patients.

7. Timely transshipment is generally after the rescue, and then the vital signs are relatively stable. The timing of transshipment must be flexibly grasped, but sometimes transshipment and non-transshipment do have the same danger, so it is necessary to truthfully explain the situation to the relatives, leaders and other responsible persons of the patients in time and solicit opinions.

8. On-the-way monitoring In the process of escorting the patient to the hospital, the condition may still change unexpectedly at any time, and the development of the condition must be closely monitored.

Third, the injury assessment

(1) Preliminary assessment

Mainly check vital signs.

1. Whether the respiratory airway is unobstructed, whether there is breathing, and whether there is abnormal breathing.

2. Whether circulating carotid pulse exists and blood pressure is normal.

3. Nervous system consciousness, pupil, feeling, limb movement, etc.

(2) Further evaluation

1. Damage properties can be divided into mechanical damage, physical damage, chemical damage and biological damage.

2. Injury sites can be divided into head, neck, chest, abdomen, limbs, spine and spinal cord injuries.

3. Injury degree There is no clear boundary between various injury degrees, and they can be transformed into each other.

(1) Minor injuries: mostly soft tissue injuries and minor fractures. No organ damage, no changes in vital signs, no influence on living ability, and walking.

(2) Moderate injury: most of them are limb fractures or organ injuries, and the vital signs can be changed, which has seriously affected the ability to live, but the suspension of treatment is not life-threatening or leads to disability.

(3) Severe injuries: most of them are serious injuries to important organs, and vital signs can be significantly changed, which can be life-threatening. This part of the wounded was first rescued, and there may be a chance of survival through rescue.

(4) Death: heartbeat and breathing have stopped.