Training content: 1. Use of fire fighting facilities

2. Emergency evacuation

Lecturer: XXX

First of all, the use of fire extinguishers

As a common fire fighting equipment, fire extinguisher is widely used in various fire dangerous places because of its simplicity, flexibility and easy operation. Because there are various types and models of fire extinguishers, their applicable conditions are also different. Therefore, timely inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers is the key to ensure their effectiveness, and it is also the need to ensure the safety of personnel and property. The user shall organize or entrust the maintenance unit to check the function of all fire extinguishers at least once every twelve months. For example, the commonly used fire extinguishers are not allowed to be disassembled at will, otherwise it will cause the fire extinguishers to lose sealing or affect the structural strength, and some fire extinguishers will rust and deform. Rubber and plastic of fire extinguisher are deformed, discolored, aged or damaged; The pressure gauge has defects such as deformation and damage; The nozzle has defects such as deformation, damage and cracking; Metal parts such as the handle and valve body of the fire extinguisher are seriously deformed, damaged and corroded, and the thimble has defects visible to the naked eye; The air outlet pipe of the fire extinguisher is blocked, damaged and cracked, and there may be oil pollution and acid-base liquid around the fire extinguisher, which will affect the normal use of the fire extinguisher.

Second, evacuation and escape

In a fire, trapped people should have good psychological quality, keep calm, don't panic, don't act blindly, and choose the correct escape method.

1. If you are trapped in a fire, you should use all available conditions around you to escape. You can use fire elevators and indoor stairs to escape. Never take the ordinary elevator, because the ordinary elevator is easy to cut off power, has no smoke prevention effect, and is likely to be stuck in the air in case of fire. At the same time, you can also use the water pipes on the balcony, aisle and exterior wall of the building to escape.

2. After the fire, smoke will be produced. Stop the car immediately in case of smoke. Never try to get out of the fireworks and crawl low in the smoke. Due to the rising of hot air, there will be a lot of smoke floating from the upper floor, so there should be air below 30 cm from the ground, so try to crawl in the smoke and keep your head close to the ground as much as possible. Escape in the smoke, if the human body is not properly protected, it is easy to inhale the smoke into the human body, leading to fainting or suffocation, and at the same time, the eyes will be unable to open due to the stimulation of the smoke, resulting in stinging.

Third, the initial fire fighting

1, find the fire, calm down. When you find a fire, you must first keep calm and analyze the fire rationally. If it is the early stage of the fire and the burning area is not large, you can consider putting it out yourself. If the fire develops rapidly, you should flee the scene quickly and seek help from the outside world.

2, put out a small fire, race against time. When a fire breaks out, we should race against time to control and put out small fires; Don't scream and run around in panic. Ignoring a small fire will lead to catastrophe.

3, children and the elderly, escape is important. Primary and secondary school students are not mature physically and mentally, and their ability to analyze and deal with problems is relatively weak, and their ability to protect themselves is not strong. They are likely to cause unnecessary casualties because they can't correctly judge and deal with the dangerous situation in the fire. Therefore, no unit or individual in our country may organize primary and secondary school students to participate in fire fighting. For pregnant women, the elderly and disabled people with serious physical defects, they should generally not be organized to participate in fire fighting.

4. Call for help loudly and call the police in time. "Early alarm, less loss", once a fire is found, it is necessary to actively put out the fire and call the police in time. When calling the fire alarm, you should first confirm whether it is the fire brigade, and then call the police after you get a positive answer. Clear the fire unit and its street, road and house number. It is necessary to clarify the fire unit, fire items and fire size, and whether anyone is trapped. Find out the name and phone number of the caller.

5, life first, save people first. If someone is trapped in the fire, the first task is to rescue the trapped person from the fire. Rescue and fire fighting can be carried out at the same time to ensure the development of rescue.

6. In case of fire, use tools skillfully. Small household fire extinguishers are the best way to put out family fires. In addition, we should also learn to skillfully use the fire-fighting equipment around us. Water is the simplest, most effective and most convenient fire extinguishing agent in the home, but electrical appliances and oil pans are on fire and cannot be put out with water. In addition, yellow sand, quilts soaked in water, blankets, brooms, mops and clothes can also be used as tools to put out small fires.

7. Classification and selection of fire fighting equipment. Common fire extinguishers can be divided into clear water fire extinguishers, foam extinguisher fire extinguishers, dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and other types according to the different fire extinguishing agents contained in them. Different types of fire extinguishers have different applicable places. Clear water fire extinguishers are used to put out the initial fires of wood, bamboo, cotton, wool, grass, paper and other general solid substances, and are not suitable for fires such as oil products and electrical equipment. Foam extinguisher is used to spray foam to put out the initial fire of oil and general solid substances. Are dry powder fire extinguishers currently used and equipped? The most common types of fire extinguishers can extinguish the initial fires of flammable liquids, flammable gases and live equipment. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are suitable for extinguishing the initial fires of electrical appliances, flammable liquids, valuable equipment, books and materials, and instruments.

8, gas leakage, be careful. If you find a gas leak in your home, you must keep calm, never touch any electrical switch in your home, and don't use lighters, matches or flashlights for lighting inspection.

You can't call the police at home First, turn off the gas source quickly, then open the doors and windows to let the natural wind blow away the leaked gas. If you need to call the police, you should go to a place far from the scene.

9. There are many ways for the oil pan to catch fire. Never pour water into the oil pan when it is on fire, because cold water will form a "frying pan" when it meets high temperature oil, and the oil fire will splash everywhere. There are many effective ways to put out the oil pan fire: (1). Cover the burning oil pan with a pot cover, so that the burning oil fire can't touch the air, and the fire in the oil pan will be extinguished immediately due to lack of oxygen. (2) Cover the burning oil pan with a large wet rag at hand, which can also have the same effect as the pot cover, but be careful not to leave gaps when covering. (3) If there are cut vegetables or other cold foods in the kitchen, you can pour them into the pot along the edge of the pot, and use the temperature difference between vegetables, food and cooking oil to make the cooking oil in the pot drop rapidly. When the oil does not reach the auto-ignition point. The fire went out automatically.

10, electrical fire, power failure first. Generally speaking, the power supply must be cut off before considering the fire of electrical lines and electrical equipment. Only when it is determined that there is no electricity in the circuit or electrical appliance can water be used to extinguish the fire. Never put out the fire with water or foam extinguishing agent before taking power-off measures, because water is a conductive conductor, and the current on the ignition appliance will make the fire extinguisher get an electric shock through the conductors such as water and foam. Television, microwave oven and other electrical appliances are on fire. After power failure, cover the burning electrical appliances with quilts and blankets. In order to prevent the explosion of electrical appliances from injuring people, water is poured on quilts and blankets to completely extinguish the fire.

1 1, the room is on fire, open the doors and windows carefully. If there is a fire in a closed room, when you see smoke and flames, you should immediately put out the fire with water, and don't open the doors and windows too wide. Because when doors and windows are opened, indoor air will form convection with outdoor air, which is equivalent to adding combustion improver to indoor fire, which will help the fire spread.

12, the fire is fierce, retreat for help. If the fire is getting bigger and bigger, the personnel participating in the fire fighting should leave the scene of the fire quickly and wait for the public security fire brigade to come to the rescue.