The biggest difference between new energy vehicles and traditional vehicles lies in the core technology of three electricity, namely electric drive and battery, and electronic control.
Batteries are related to mechanical industry, chemistry and electronic control. The core of the battery is the battery core, and the most critical materials of the battery core are the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the diaphragm and the electrolyte. Well-known cathode materials include lithium ferrous phosphate and lithium manganate, as well as lithium cobaltate, ternary and high nickel ternary.
The history of automobile power battery is not long. 1996, the EV- 1 model launched by General Motors used lead-acid batteries, which are the initial structure of modern electric vehicles.
From lead-acid batteries to hybrid nickel-hydrogen batteries in Japan, and then to the most popular lithium batteries, the history of automobile power batteries is only more than 20 years.
Judging from the on-board batteries of new energy passenger cars, 32 models use 17 company's on-board batteries, of which 16 is a battery company and the other is Changan New Energy. It can be seen that the car power batteries of other passenger cars are purchased, covering batteries and battery packs, as well as battery management systems.
Most self-owned brand automobile OEMs do not have the design ability of batteries and battery packs.
Although multinational automobile enterprises do not have their own batteries, in order to enhance the key competitiveness of automobile power batteries, they insist on independently designing and producing automobile power battery components and management systems. Different from most independent brands, even if they don't use this battery, they can change the battery brand and still design the car battery pack. The key technology is still in the hands of our own company.
At present, Ni-MH battery is about to be eliminated among automobile power batteries, and lead-acid battery is supported in quantity. Now lithium batteries are the most important.
The safety requirements of digital electronic products for lithium batteries are not high, and lithium cobalt oxide batteries are most suitable for 3C products industry. Tesla uses this kind of battery, which has strong endurance but low safety.
Lithium manganate battery has the highest market share among automobile power batteries. Although its energy density is not as good as that of lithium ternary and lithium cobaltate, its other comprehensive properties are higher.
The focus of domestic lithium battery development is lithium iron phosphate battery, and the core of foreign power lithium battery field is ternary lithium battery, which has higher energy density, lower cost and higher safety than lithium cobalt oxide battery. It can be seen that different automobile companies have different choices for power lithium batteries.