Subway signal
The main function of signal equipment is to ensure traffic safety and improve line capacity, including signal device, interlocking device and blocking device. The signal device is a signal indicating the running status of the train and its auxiliary equipment; Interlocking device is a device to ensure the safety of driving and shunting and improve the passing capacity in the station; Blocking device is the equipment to ensure section traffic safety and improve passing capacity.
At the station, many lines are laid, which are connected by turnouts. The path that a train travels in a station is called a route. Route switch position determination. The route should be protected by signal, and the switch position is wrong, or there is a car on the route, so as to protect the signal of this route from being turned on and ensure the safe operation of the train. The mutual restriction and interdependence among turnout, route and signal is called interlocking. The equipment that realizes interlocking is called interlocking equipment. The equipment that centrally controls and monitors many switches, lines and signals by electrical methods and realizes their interlocking is called electrical centralized equipment. When starting from the station to the section, it is necessary to ensure that there are no cars in the section and prevent two stations from starting from the same section of the same line. This way of organizing train operation in an interval according to a certain method is generally called traffic block, and the equipment used for communication is called blocking equipment. Commonly used blocking devices include automatic blocking, semi-automatic blocking and electric signpost blocking. The subway adopts automatic blocking equipment.
Subway communication
Subway communication is an essential tool and means to form an organic connection between subway departments, realize centralized and unified transportation command, realize train dispatching and train operation automation, and improve transportation efficiency.
Subway communication can be divided into regional automatic communication, subway special communication, limited broadcasting, closed-circuit television, wireless communication, master-slave clock system, conference system, fax and computer communication system according to its use. According to the media of information transmission, it can be divided into wired communication and wireless communication, and wired communication can be divided into optical cable and cable communication. Subway communication is a comprehensive digital communication network, which can not only transmit language, but also transmit information such as text, data and images.
2. Knowledge of subway (at least 100 words)
1. What is the subway? Subway is short for underground railway.
It is an independent rail transit system, which is not affected by the ground road conditions, and can operate normally according to the designed capacity, and transport passengers quickly, safely and comfortably. Subway has high efficiency, no pollution, can meet the requirements of large capacity and has good social benefits.
Subway is a rail transit, and its transportation organization, function realization and safety guarantee should follow the objective laws of rail transit. In transportation organization, centralized dispatching, unified command and traffic organization according to operation chart should be implemented; In terms of function realization, tunnels, lines, power supply, vehicles, communications, signals, station mechanical and electrical equipment, fire protection systems and other related majors should ensure sound and normal operation; In terms of security, it mainly depends on the normal operation of traffic organization and equipment to ensure the necessary traffic interval and correct traffic route.
In order to ensure the safety and punctuality of subway train operation, under the principle of centralized dispatching and unified command, the traffic organization, equipment, vehicle maintenance, equipment operation management and safety guarantee are standardized through a series of rules and regulations. Subway is an orderly and efficient system with safe driving as the center, multi-discipline and multi-job composition.
All kinds of automatic equipment with computer processing technology as the core are adopted in the subway, thus replacing manual and electromechanical traffic organization, equipment operation and safety guarantee system. For example, ATC (Automatic Train Control) system can realize automatic driving, automatic tracking and automatic dispatching of trains; SCADA (Power Supply System Management Automation) system can realize remote control, remote communication and remote measurement of equipment systems in main substation, traction substation and step-down substation. BAS (environmental monitoring system) and FAS (fire alarm system) can realize the automation of station environmental control and fire alarm system; AFC (Automatic Ticket Selling and Checking System) can realize automatic ticket selling, ticket checking, classification and other functions.
All these systems form their own network, and a central computer (control center) is set up in OCC to implement unified command and hierarchical control. The basic types of subway network are: single line, single ring, multi-line and spider web.
Each subway line consists of interval tunnels (ground lines or overhead lines), stations and ancillary buildings. There are four kinds of stations according to their functions: 1, and intermediate stations: only for passengers to get on and off, with the largest number of such stations.
2. Turn-back station: Turn-back line equipment is installed in the intermediate station, which is called turn-back station. Generally, it is set in the road section with large passenger flow in urban areas, which can not only meet the needs of passengers, but also save operating expenses. 3. Transfer station: a station for passengers to get on and off and provide transfer for passengers.
4. Terminal: The stations at both ends of the subway line are usually used for stopping, turning back, temporary repair and overhaul except for passengers getting on or off or changing. 2. The subway (1) is characterized by being fast.
The train has a top speed of 80km/h and an average speed of 36km/h, and stops for 30 seconds at each station. The journey time from Xinzhuang Station to Shanghai Station on 1 Line is 39 minutes. (2) accurate.
Urban ground vehicles are affected by road traffic conditions or weather, but the subway is not disturbed. During the rush hour of heavy traffic, the subway train runs every 5 minutes, and the train operation starts at 4: 55 am and ends at 23: 26 pm.
(3) Safety. Trains are operated by safety automatic control system, and the interval between trains is strictly guaranteed.
The subway uses dual power supply, so the possibility of power failure is very small. The subway also attaches importance to fire prevention measures, with adequate fire-fighting facilities and equipment. Closed-circuit monitoring systems are installed at all stations to keep abreast of the station situation.
In addition, the police of the Urban Railway Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau are responsible for public security at all stations. (4) Comfort.
Trains and stations have air-conditioning devices to keep the temperature and humidity in the most comfortable range. The train is organized into six carriages, each with a capacity of 3 10, including 62 seats, and the whole train can carry passengers 1860.
(5) convenience. The station is beautiful and bright, with clean environment and modern facilities.
Due to the automatic fare collection system, it is suitable for a large number of passengers to use the subway. Supervisors and station attendants are provided in the station lobby and platform floor to help passengers solve problems.
There are clear guiding signs everywhere in the subway, so it is very convenient and simple for passengers to take the subway. 3. Subway vehicles Subway vehicles are an important part of urban rail transit system and high-tech electromechanical equipment.
Metro vehicles should be advanced, reliable and practical, and meet the requirements of large capacity, safety, speed, beauty and energy saving. There are many forms of subway vehicles, including bullet trains (M, motors) and trailers (T, trailers), cars with driver's cab and cars without driver's cab.
The motor car itself has a power traction device, and the trailer itself has no power traction device; EMU is divided into EMU with pantograph and EMU without pantograph. When subway vehicles are in operation, the emu is generally composed of moving and towing and fixed grouping.
Because it has a power traction device, it has two functions of traction and passenger carrying. Unlike railway trains, it is not necessary to connect a separate locomotive. Subway vehicles are generally composed of the following seven parts: (1) Car body The car body is a place where passengers and drivers can drive (for vehicles with driver's cab), and it is also the basis for installing and connecting other equipment and components.
Generally, there are underframe, end wall, side wall and roof. (2) Power bogies and non-power bogies The power bogies and non-power bogies are located between the car body and the track, which are used to draw and guide the vehicle to run along the track, bear and transmit various loads from the car body and the line, and buffer its power, and are the key components to ensure the running quality of the vehicle.
Generally, it consists of frame, spring suspension device, wheelset axle box device and braking device. (3) Traction buffer connection device The safe operation of grouped vehicles must rely on the connection device.
In order to improve the longitudinal stability of the train, a buffer device is generally installed at the rear of the coupler to alleviate the impulse of the train. (4) Braking device The braking device is an indispensable device to ensure the safe operation of the train.
The braking devices of urban rail vehicles include regenerative braking, resistance braking and magnetic track braking in addition to the conventional air braking devices. (5) Current collector The device that introduces current from the contact conductor (catenary) or the conductive rail (third rail) into the motor car is called a current collector or a current collector.
Current collectors can be divided into the following forms according to their current collection methods: a, rod current collectors; B, arcuate current collector; C. side current collector.
3. What are the main tasks of subway communication staff?
Work content:
1, master the composition, principle, equipment performance parameters and operation and maintenance procedures of special communication subsystem equipment, and strictly implement various procedures, norms and standards in the work to ensure equipment and personal safety.
2. Study hard the basic knowledge, operation, maintenance skills and emergency handling of special communication subsystem equipment related majors.
3. Responsible for the daily inspection and maintenance of special communication subsystem equipment within the jurisdiction, carefully check the operation of system equipment, fill in various forms truthfully, report to the team leader in time when problems are found, and make records.
4. According to the overhaul plan, engage in the repair and maintenance of the special communication subsystem equipment within the jurisdiction to ensure the safe operation of the equipment within the jurisdiction.
5. Take part in emergency repair work and put the equipment into use as quickly as possible.
6, strictly implement the system of succession, make all kinds of original records, to ensure its objectivity, authenticity and accuracy.
7, equipment accident, careful analysis, put forward reasonable suggestions.
8. Be responsible for the cooperation of outsourcing projects in this major and do a good job in quality tracking.
9. Be responsible for training the personnel on duty at the station on professional system and equipment operation.
4. subway knowledge
Subway is short for underground railway. It is an independent rail transit system, which is not affected by the ground road conditions, and can operate normally according to the designed capacity, and transport passengers quickly, safely and comfortably. Subway has high efficiency, no pollution, can meet the requirements of large capacity and has good social benefits.
Subway is a rail transit, and its transportation organization, function realization and safety guarantee should follow the objective laws of rail transit. In transportation organization, centralized dispatching, unified command and traffic organization according to operation chart should be implemented; In terms of function realization, tunnels, lines, power supply, vehicles, communications, signals, station mechanical and electrical equipment, fire protection systems and other related majors should ensure sound and normal operation; In terms of security, it mainly depends on the normal operation of traffic organization and equipment to ensure the necessary traffic interval and correct traffic route.
It's hard for me to explain the details clearly, so it should be enough.
Cities with rail transit in China (including those built and under construction): Shanghai, Hong Kong, Macau, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Qingdao, Xi, Suzhou, Jinan, Kunming, Foshan and Ningbo. That's all I know. I shouldn't miss it.
PS: Why did I say a city with rail transit, not a city with subway? Because rail transit includes subway and light rail. In many cities in China, in order to prevent people from confusing subway and light rail, rail transit is used to name lines. In fact, in the city, the functions of subway and light rail are very different, and people can't tell clearly. But from a professional point of view, there is still a big difference between the two. At present, urban rail transit planning is also based on its own needs (including funds, construction difficulties, etc. ), so in China, these two words are more unified as rail transit.
5. Knowledge of subway (at least 100 words)
Subway is a form of railway traffic, which refers to the urban rail transit system that mainly runs underground, that is, the abbreviation of "underground railway" or "subway"; In order to match the construction environment and consider the construction and operation costs, many of these systems may be converted to the ground or elevated roads outside the city center.
superiority
Land saving: Because of the high value of urban land in general metropolises, building railways underground can save ground space and make the ground land available for other purposes.
Noise reduction: the railway is built underground, which can reduce the noise on the ground.
Reduce interference: Because the running route of the subway does not overlap or cross other traffic systems (such as ground roads), there is less traffic interference, which can save a lot of commuting time.
Energy saving: Under the problem of global warming, subway is the best public transport. Because the subway runs smoothly, it saves a lot of commuting time, makes people happy, and also replaces a lot of energy consumed by driving.
Reduce pollution: ordinary cars use gasoline or petroleum as energy, and subways use electric energy, so there is no tail gas emission and no pollution to the environment.
Other advantages:
Compared with other urban means of transportation, subway has many advantages besides avoiding urban ground congestion and making full use of space.
1. The volume is large. The transportation capacity of subway is 7~ 10 times that of ground bus, which is incomparable by any urban means of transportation.
2. On time, the punctuality rate is generally higher than that of the bus.
The speed is very fast, and the subway train is flying fast in the underground tunnel. The maximum running speed is generally 80 kilometers per hour, which can exceed 100 kilometers, and some even reach 120 kilometers.
disadvantaged
High construction cost: The subway project has a long line and a wide range of influence, which usually requires measures such as demolition, reconstruction and protection of buildings, pipelines and roads along the line, and the expenses outside the project are also relatively large. Most subway projects are underground, and the cost of underground construction is higher than that of above-ground construction.
Long preparation time: it takes a long preparation time to build a subway, and even it needs testing, because it needs planning and approval. It takes a very long time from the beginning of brewing to putting it into action and breaking ground. It may be as short as a few years and as long as more than ten years.
Some disasters have weak resilience: although the subway has strong resilience to snowstorms and hail. But the ability to resist earthquakes, floods, fires and terrorism is very weak. Due to the structure of the subway, it is very easy to have a tragedy because of these factors. Because of this, since the appearance of subway, engineers have been studying how to improve the safety of subway.