With the continuous development of science and technology in China, the performance of building materials has been further improved, and sluices have been widely used in reservoir reinforcement. In the process of reservoir floor construction, once there is a problem with the floor, it will directly affect the quality and progress of the project. Therefore, the floor problem has become the focus of water conservancy project reinforcement; In the design of reservoir reinforcement, the reservoir should be arranged reasonably according to the requirements of construction environment, geological conditions, construction technology and management to ensure the construction quality of water conservancy projects.
1 the role of sluice in reservoir dam danger removal
(1) Generally speaking, there are some residential roads, fertile fields and public buildings around the dam, which are closely related to people's lives and work. In the operation of the reservoir dam, if the sluice is damaged, it will bring great damage to these facilities and seriously threaten people's lives and property. Therefore, we need to improve the design quality of the sluice of the reservoir dam to improve the bearing capacity of the sluice foundation and ensure the stability of the sluice dam.
(2) Due to the complexity and variability of the sluice environment, we are required to design different sluice projects reasonably according to different failure forms and the local natural environment, so as to ensure that the construction personnel can work smoothly in the construction process, effectively control the whole dam reinforcement process, ensure the construction quality and save the project cost.
2 sluice design in reservoir reinforcement
2. 1 Hydraulic design
Hydraulic design mainly includes overflow capacity checking, gate control operation mode and energy dissipation and scour prevention design calculation. In the process of sluice reinforcement design, the discharge capacity of sluice should be checked in combination with water level and scale. When the size of the bottom plate is thickened, the flow pattern may change, so it is necessary to recheck the flow capacity of the sluice. If the sluice is a dike-crossing culvert, the change of section size and length of the culvert directly behind the sluice chamber may cause the change of flow capacity.
The operation mode of sluice control is mainly to provide technical support for sluice management in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to check the opening and overflow capacity of the sluice to facilitate the operation and management of the sluice. In the design and calculation of energy dissipation and scour prevention, we should pay attention to the change of calculation conditions caused by the change of characteristic water level to test whether the energy dissipation and scour prevention project can meet the design requirements.
2.2 Seepage prevention and drainage design
The design of seepage control and drainage of sluice is calculated according to the quality of sluice foundation and the conditions of upstream and downstream water levels, including: arranging the underground section of sluice, designing the type, layout and size of seepage control and drainage facilities; Seepage pressure calculation; Filter layer design; Impervious curtain and drainage hole design, etc. According to the existing problems of sluice, the design of seepage control and drainage should be checked according to the actual layout, structure and size of seepage control and drainage facilities. In the anti-seepage design, we should pay attention to the change of calculation conditions caused by the change of characteristic water level, and check the geological parameters according to the data observed for many years in the built sluice.
2.3 Foundation Treatment and Design
Because the sluice foundation is under the concrete floor, and the reinforced concrete thickness of the sluice floor is generally above 0.8m, and the spacing between steel bars is small, it is difficult to directly strengthen the foundation. When the uneven settlement of local foundation has occurred, it is necessary to carefully check the bearing capacity of foundation according to the existing geological data and determine reasonable reinforcement measures. If necessary, increase geological exploration to obtain more reasonable physical and mechanical indexes of foundation soil, and adopt reasonable and economical construction scheme.
3 reservoir reinforcement sluice quality control
3. 1 Quality control of concrete batching for bottom plate
In order to ensure the accuracy of measurement, it is generally necessary to carry out necessary maintenance and inspection before using the concrete production system. The proportion of raw materials must be controlled within a certain deviation range. For coal ash, water, sand and gravel, automatic system measurement is generally adopted. In the implementation work, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the ingredient list, and gravel, cement, fly ash, sand and gravel, and water are fed in order. The mixing time of concrete in the mixer should not be less than 2 minutes away from the material composition.
In order to know the temperature inside the concrete at any time, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the poured concrete. See the profile of the temperature measuring point below.
When the temperature measuring points are arranged, the spacing should be about 10m. The temperature measuring instrument adopts electronic thermometer. At the same time, full-time temperature measuring personnel are equipped, and the temperature measuring personnel are trained and provided with safety disclosure according to three shifts. Temperature measuring personnel should be serious and responsible, and measure the temperature according to the hole on time, without omission or fraud. The temperature measurement records should be filled out neatly and handed over during the shift change.
3.2 Floor concrete and external environment quality control
In the process of cement hydration, the heat released in the first 1 ~ 3 days accounts for half of the total heat. In the construction of mass concrete floor slab, in order to control the temperature difference between the inside and outside of concrete, the surface covering method is generally used to improve the surface temperature of concrete. When the thickness of the concrete floor is thick, the concrete strength and the mold-entering temperature are high, the improvement of the surface temperature by surface covering is limited, and the temperature difference between inside and outside cannot be controlled within the design range, other measures must be taken to reduce the internal temperature during the concrete hardening process. At present, it is widely used to use "embedded cooling pipes" to cool the internal concrete through water circulation. The principle of "buried cooling pipe" is to inject low-temperature water into the cooling water pipe buried in concrete through a high-pressure water pump, introduce the hydration heat inside the concrete into the water through the heat exchange of steel pipes, and then cool the central temperature of the concrete through the circulation of water, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete. Taking a commercial complex building as an example, the feasibility of the scheme is analyzed. On-site circulating cooling water pipes are arranged in three layers with a vertical spacing of 500mm. The laying area of each layer of pipeline is over 70%, and each layer is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet respectively. Welded steel pipes with diameter of DN40 are connected by threads, as shown in the figure below.
1) During concrete construction, the pouring method and pouring sequence of mass concrete should be controlled to ensure the quality of concrete pouring. 2) Start circulating water cooling immediately after pouring 12 hours. 3) Temperature measurement shall be carried out continuously, once every 3 hours in the heating stage, once every 6 hours in the cooling stage and once every 6 hours after 7 days. 4) Monitor and record the atmospheric temperature, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, water flow rate and flow rate, and compare and analyze the recorded data. If the internal and external temperature is greater than 25℃, it should be reported in time so as to take measures. Ice water can be mixed into the circulating water to cover the concrete surface and reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside as soon as possible.
4 conclusion
To sum up, sluice design is often influenced by different factors in reservoir reinforcement. Therefore, in sluice design, it is necessary to do a good job in concrete batching, floor analysis and external environment control according to the requirements of reservoir engineering design and construction, and combine the design experience of reservoir reinforcement at home and abroad to continuously improve the reservoir scheme design to ensure the practicability, economy and durability of reservoir reinforcement design.
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