Safety training materials for employees of fireworks production enterprises \r\n 1. What are the safety requirements for workers in fireworks production? \ r \ Workers who are new to the factory and change jobs must receive safety education and technical training and obtain operation certificates before they can take up their posts for production. It is forbidden to wear hard soles, spikes and flammable fiber clothing, and buttons, hairpins, knives and scissors and chains of strip steel products are not allowed to enter dangerous production areas. Personnel engaged in dust operations should have regular health checks. Persons with occupational contraindications shall not be arranged to engage in taboo operations, and persons under the age of 18 and disabled persons shall not be arranged to engage in pharmaceutical ingredients, building drugs and other processes. Personnel under the age of 16 shall not be arranged to engage in any production. It is forbidden to go to work after drinking. When working, you are not allowed to leave your post, and you are not allowed to wear medicine dust's work clothes and enter other workshops. \r\n2。 What safety protection articles should be equipped for the production of fireworks? \ r \ The factory should be equipped with protective equipment that meets the requirements according to the nature and working conditions of the work, and implement the inspection and use system. Operators engaged in high-dust processes such as pharmacy, charge and pharmacy shall meet the following requirements: (GB 2626-81+0); Wear tight-fitting long-sleeved trousers, overalls, drag hats and cloth socks to minimize the exposed parts of the body, and the clothes are simple and easy to take off; Protective articles must be made of antistatic materials; When doing other jobs, you can't wear special work clothes used to prepare dangerous drugs such as chlorate. \r\n3. Why can't ordinary plastic or rubber tools be used to make fireworks? \ r \ Binary plastics and rubber tend to accumulate static electricity when rubbed. When the static voltage accumulates to a certain range, it is easy to break through the air and discharge to another object, resulting in discharge sparks. Fireworks and firecrackers are easy to burn or explode when stimulated by electrostatic powder. In production, many enterprises like to use plastic and rubber tools. Both plastics and rubber are prone to generate static electricity after rubbing, but the conductivity of plastics and rubber is poor, and the generated static electricity is easy to accumulate, forming a high electrostatic voltage and easily generating discharge sparks. For example, some technicians like to mix drugs on plastic sheets, which is very dangerous. When the plastic sheet rubs against the drug, it will generate a high electrostatic voltage, which may discharge at any time and ignite the drug. Generally, it can be mixed with kraft paper, because kraft paper is not easy to generate electrostatic accumulation. So neither plastic nor rubber can be used as production tools for fireworks. Conductive plastics and conductive rubber made by special processing have conductivity and are not easy to accumulate static electricity, so they can be used as tools. For example, conductive rubber can be put on the medicine table to reduce the impact on the medicine; Liangzi frame is made of conductive plastic, which is convenient for storing Liangzi, etc. \r\n4。 Why can't employees of fireworks enterprises wear chemical fiber clothes to work? \ r \ Because the human body is easy to accumulate static electricity, especially when wearing chemical fiber clothes, the human body will constantly rub against the clothes, resulting in a very high amount of static electricity accumulation. When people with high electrostatic voltage come into contact with fireworks and firecrackers, it is easy to produce discharge sparks and cause accidents. In addition, chemical fiber clothes are easy to burn in case of fire and stick to human skin, causing great harm, so employees are forbidden to wear chemical fiber clothes to work. \r\n 1。 What should be paid attention to in the preparation stage of raw materials in the manufacture of fireworks and firecrackers? \ r \ The raw materials used to manufacture fireworks and firecrackers must meet the quality standards of fireworks and firecrackers and have product certificates. It can only be used after entering the factory and passing the test and process appraisal. In the process of preparation and use, substances that increase drug sensitivity shall not be mixed. If the following substances are mixed into fireworks and firecrackers, the drug sensitivity will be increased, so special attention should be paid to the following: \r\n( 1) banned (or partially banned) raw materials such as potassium chlorate and pure magnesium powder; \r\n(2) Hard particles such as sand and iron slag; \r\n(3) moisture; \r\n(4) Acidic substances. \ r \ nIn addition, it should be noted that raw materials with a delivery date of more than one year must be inspected again before they can be used. Some raw materials will deteriorate if they are left for too long, which will affect the quality and even the safety when they are made into fireworks and firecrackers. If the unsealed aluminum powder is left for a long time, it will be oxidized into alumina in large quantities, thus greatly reducing its performance; Sulfur powder will also be oxidized into sulfur oxide after long-term storage, and sulfur oxide will turn into acid when it meets water, which will increase the sensitivity of drugs when it is made into fireworks and firecrackers. \r\n2。 How to pay attention to safety when crushing and screening fireworks drugs in the manufacturing process? \ r \ Grinding shall be carried out in a separate workshop. Mechanical impurities should be screened out before and after grinding. Tools that are easy to generate sparks, such as \r\n and tools that are easy to generate static electricity, such as polyamide fibers and plastics, should not be used in screening. Tools such as wood, copper and aluminum can be used. When crushing inflammable and explosive articles, it must be carried out under the isolation protection of a safety protective wall. Generally, the raw materials used in black powder can be crushed by a single material, but charcoal and sulfur should be mixed and crushed as much as possible to make the drugs mixed evenly and safely. Raw materials for pyrotechnics can only be crushed separately. When highly sensitive materials need to be mechanically crushed by a special plane, the following matters should be noted: \r\n( 1) Check the equipment before crushing, and carefully clean the dust; \r\n(2) It must be operated from a distance, and it is forbidden to start the machine when the personnel have not left the computer room; \r\n(3) When feeding and discharging materials, the machine must be stopped and powered off; \r\n(4) When feeding and discharging materials, the machine should be stopped for 10 minutes and cooled; \r\n(5) Pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation to prevent the dust concentration in the air from exceeding the standard. \ r \ When wet crushing is used, it is forbidden to overflow foam. After the crushed materials are packaged, they should be labeled with names immediately. \r\n3. How to pay attention to safety during the preparation and mixing of fireworks and firecrackers? \ r \ Dry mixing of pyrotechnic components should be carried out in wooden barrels, paper barrels or conductive rubber barrels. Manual mixing should be carried out in a separate workshop, using conductive rubber workbench or wooden workbench, using copper mesh screen and paper with high toughness and high resistance as operating tools, and it is strictly forbidden to mix ingredients in operating workshops such as material storage. Multi-ball milling mixed black powder should be carried out in a separate workshop, operated remotely and equipped with explosion-proof facilities. The preparation of highly sensitive drugs such as chlorate in bud must have special workshops and tools, and protective facilities. If workshop tools need to be used for other purposes, they should be cleaned again before use. When preparing pyrotechnics containing aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy powder by wet method, heat should be dissipated in time. \r\n4。 How to pay attention to safety in the process of pressing and granulating fireworks and firecrackers. \ r \ There are 1 machine in each mechanical medicine pressing and granulating workshop, and the number of employees in each workshop shall not exceed 1 person. When the machine is running, the temperature rise of drugs shall not exceed 20℃. During granulation, no one is allowed to enter the workshop except the operator. If the operator finds that the machine is abnormal during operation, he should immediately turn off the power supply and stop the machine to find out the reason. When the pyrotechnic powder is granulated, it should be produced by wet method, and the drug lag in each workshop should not exceed 5 kg. Bright beads made by wet method must be spread out, and the spread thickness shall not exceed 1.5cm (when the diameter of bright beads exceeds 1cm, the spread thickness shall not exceed twice the diameter of bright beads. ). The PH value of the adhesive should be 6 ~ 9 (i.e. neutral as far as possible). Bright beads must be screened and graded before drying, and the dosage should not exceed 3 kg each time. \r\n5。 How to pay attention to safety in the process of drug drying in fireworks manufacturing? \ r \ nIt is forbidden to bake drugs directly with naked flame, the baking room temperature shall not exceed 60℃, and the thickness of the baked drug layer shall not exceed 65438±0.5cm ... When the drugs are dry, don't pick them up, and they must be cooled to the temperature of your roommate before they can be put into storage. Dried drugs are strictly prohibited to be piled up and put into storage. The water content of dried drugs shall not be higher than 65438 0.5%. \r\n6。 What are the regulations on the drug collection limit in fireworks production? \ r \ The quantity of drugs collected for packaging and building products shall not exceed the limit specified in "Preparation Methods and Limits of Drug Collection for Packaging and Building Products". For the initiating explosive device not listed in the table, the dry charge is limited to 1 kg per person each time, and the moisture content is within 5% ~ 15%, and the limit is 3 kg. The number of semi-finished products that need to be filled at one time shall not exceed the limit in the table. \ r \ n In drug business, the retention of drugs and the raw materials of gunpowder that can be stored at the same time shall not exceed their limits, and the raw materials with incremental filling shall not be counted as drugs (such as sawdust, sand, rice chaff shells, cottonseed, etc. ).\r\n7。 How to pay attention to safety in filling and making drugs in fireworks production? \ r \ Charging and manufacturing explosives should be operated in a separate workshop, and the use area of the workshop should not be less than 3.5 square meters. When filling and building high-sensitivity initiating explosive devices, it should be carried out in workshops with 30 protective walls, and each workshop should be equipped with one person. Every time the limited amount of drugs is used up, the semi-finished products should be transferred to the warehouse or designated place in time. The workbench of the medicine building should be close to the window sill, and the height of the workbench should be slightly higher than the window sill. Tools for making drugs should be made of wood, copper, aluminum or other materials that will not produce sparks. It is strictly forbidden to use iron, and the workbench should be padded with grounded conductive rubber plate. When loading explosives mechanically, the impact part must be grounded with conductive rubber plate. Without the permission of the safety officer, the operator shall not change the operation method. \r\n\r\n8。 How to pay attention to safety when drilling and cutting fireworks and firecrackers? \ r \ The crushing and cutting of pharmaceutical semi-finished products should be carried out in a special workshop. The drills and cutters used should be sharp and tough, waxed, oiled or used alternately. Tools that do not meet the requirements shall not be forcibly operated. \r\n9。 How to pay attention to the safety of seals and pipe labels in fireworks production. \ r \ The per capita use area of operators is not less than 2 square meters, and the width of the main passage in the operation room is not less than 1.2 meters. The total amount of semi-finished products shall not exceed 2 times the limit of filling and pressing process. The operator can only receive the next semi-finished product after completing a limited number of semi-finished products processing and delivery. Semi-finished products must be tightly sealed to prevent drug leakage. \r\n 10。 How to pay attention to safety in assembling combined fireworks. \ r \ Only when the semi-finished products with various effects are ready can the combined fireworks be assembled. The quantity of each assembly shall not be greater than the quantity specified in the following table: \ r \ nDose (kg)1≤ 2 ≥ 3 ≥ 5 \ r \ nNumber of assemblies per person (pieces) 4321\ r \ nThere shall be no more than 4 people in each workshop, the per capita use area shall not be less than 3.5 square meters, and the width of the main passage shall not be less than 65433. \r\n\r\n 1 1。 How to pay attention to safety when drying fireworks and firecrackers? \ r \ Dry drugs should be dried by sunlight, hot air radiator, steam drying and infrared or far infrared baking, and strict direct baking is strictly prohibited. When drying with sunlight, the following principles must be observed: \r\n( 1) When the temperature of finished or semi-finished products containing chlorate is higher than 37℃, direct sunlight is not allowed. \r\n(2) The clothes rack is made of bamboo and the height is not less than 25cm. \r\n(3) The solarium should keep a safe distance of more than 20 meters from the workshop warehouse, and it should be supervised by a special person. \ r \ The temperature of drying chamber used for steam drying shall not exceed 75℃, and ribbed radiator is not applicable. The room temperature of hot air drying finished products and semi-finished products with chemicals should not exceed 40℃, and the semi-finished products without chemicals should not exceed 60℃, and the wind speed should be greater than1m/s. Circulating air drying should be equipped with dust removal equipment and cleaned regularly. A temperature alarm device should be set in the drying room. The stacking height in the drying room shall conform to the following table: \ r \ nName stacking height (cm) height from the ground (cm) and distance from the heat source (cm) Temperature (℃) during moving and overturning \ r \ nFinished products and semi-finished products ≤120 ≥ 20 > 30 ≤ 30 \ r \ nDrying box and baking. The drying room must be supervised by a special person, and the temperature rise and fall should be strictly controlled. If any abnormal situation is found, it should be handled in time and reported to the security department. \r\n 12。 How to pay attention to safety in fireworks and firecrackers discharge test. \ r \ nThe discharge test shall be conducted at the specified place, which shall meet the requirements in the following table: \ r \ nLarge rocket-shaped ground fireworks φ > 4 "small-scale fireworks test \ r \ nThe distance from the production area and warehouse is 500100/000200 > 50 \ r \ nDischarge test. Quenched, misfired and unburned samples should be handled with care. After the discharge test, the residue should be cleaned and properly disposed of. \r\n 13。 How to pay attention to safety in the packaging process of fireworks and firecrackers. \ r \ The packaging containers of tobacco powder raw materials must be covered with moisture-proof containers, and the container materials cannot react chemically with the contents. The crushed potassium chlorate should be packed in small paper bags, weighing no more than once per generation, and placed in covered wooden windows. The maximum stagnation in the packaging process of finished products should be calculated according to the amount of drugs contained in the total products, and should not exceed 2 times the amount of drugs specified in various packaging, manufacturing and pressing processes. The density of workers in the packaging workshop should not be too high, the per capita area should not be less than 2 square meters, and the width of main passages should not be less than 1.2 meters. The gap between the inner packaging and the outer packaging container can be filled with paper and materials that do not generate static electricity, so that the contents will not shake during transportation. \r\n 14。 What are the safety requirements for equipment and maintenance in the production of fireworks and firecrackers? \ r \ Mechanical equipment and appliances that come into contact with drugs during maintenance should be regularly checked for their performance, and it is forbidden to operate the equipment with diseases. When the equipment is overhauled in the workshop with drugs, the drugs in the workshop must be removed, and the medicine dust on the equipment must be removed, and the equipment will be dismantled and moved to the repair workshop for repair. Mechanical equipment, should have a special person responsible for daily maintenance, non-equipment management personnel, shall not be arbitrarily removed and moved. \r\n 15。 Regulations on the limit of cartridges \ r \ n 1. When assembling fireworks to receive all kinds of bright beads, each person is limited to 0.5 kg, when receiving all kinds of propellants, each person is limited to 1 kg, and when receiving black drugs and all kinds of nodding drugs, each person is limited to 0.5 kg; \r\n 2。 Each person is allowed to receive 2.5 kg each time when loading fireworks, and 1.5 kg each time when loading the rotating and ascending cylinder of fireworks; \ r \ Thirdly, when loading firecrackers containing potassium chlorate as oxidant, each person is limited to 0.5 kg each time, and when loading fireworks and explosives containing bright beads, each person is limited to 1 kg each time; \r\n 16, preparation of prescription, pharmacy and sun-dried beads \ r \ n 1. Each person is limited to 20kg (including fried nitrate, charcoal and sulfur) when preparing black medicine. \ r \ nSecond, the fireworks and firecrackers preparation containing potassium chlorate is limited to 1.5 kg per person per time. \ r \ Third, each person who makes all kinds of bright beads is limited to 2.5 kilograms at a time. \ r \ nsi. When mixing and spraying anthers containing various bright beads, each person is limited to 2.5 kg at a time. \r\n\r\n 17。 Provisions on the drug limit of Jianshe \r\n 1. The drug retention in each workshop shall not exceed 5% of the normal workload of the whole day. The quantity of drugs on each workbench shall be reasonably distributed and strictly controlled, and shall not exceed the regulations; \r\n 2。 Provisions on the restrictions on the installation and packaging of fireworks and firecrackers: Generally speaking, each person should receive 10% of the normal workload of the whole day. Enterprises should also determine stricter and more specific quota regulations according to different product varieties and specifications.