Teacher professionalization means that teachers have their own unique professional requirements and conditions, and have a special training system and management system. The basic meaning of teacher professionalization is:
First, teachers' major includes both discipline and education. The state stipulates the academic standards of teachers, as well as the necessary educational knowledge, educational ability and professional ethics.
Second, the state has specialized teacher education institutions, specialized educational contents and measures;
Third, the state has an accreditation system and management system for teacher qualifications and teacher education institutions;
Fourthly, teachers' professional development is a continuous process, and teachers' specialization is also a concept of development, which is both a state and a deepening process.
Teachers' profession has its own ideal pursuit, theoretical armed, conscious professional norms and highly mature skills, and has irreplaceable independence characteristics. Teachers are not only the transmitters of knowledge, but also the guides of morality, the enlighteners of thoughts, the pioneers of spiritual world, and the shapers of emotions, wills and beliefs. Teachers should not only know what knowledge to impart, but also know how to impart knowledge and how to adopt different teaching strategies for different students.
Professionalization of teachers is not only an understanding, but also a process of struggle, recognition of professional qualifications, and a conscious pursuit of lifelong learning and constant renewal.
What does the professional knowledge of teachers' education and teaching mean?
Teacher professionalization means that teachers have their own unique professional requirements and conditions, and have a special training system and management system.
The basic meaning of teacher professionalization is: first, teacher professionalization includes both discipline specialization and education specialization. The state has stipulated the academic standards of teachers, as well as the necessary educational knowledge, educational ability and professional ethics requirements; Second, the state has specialized teacher education institutions, specialized educational contents and measures; Third, the state has an accreditation system and management system for teacher qualifications and teacher education institutions; Fourthly, teachers' professional development is a continuous process, and teachers' specialization is also a concept of development, which is both a state and a deepening process. Teachers' profession has its own ideal pursuit, theoretical armed, conscious professional norms and highly mature skills, and has irreplaceable independence characteristics.
Teachers are not only the transmitters of knowledge, but also the guides of morality, the enlighteners of thoughts, the pioneers of spiritual world, and the shapers of emotions, wills and beliefs. Teachers should not only know what knowledge to impart, but also know how to impart knowledge and how to adopt different teaching strategies for different students. Professionalization of teachers is not only an understanding, but also a process of struggle, recognition of professional qualifications, and a conscious pursuit of lifelong learning and constant renewal.
What does the teacher's professional knowledge include?
There are two common explanations for teachers' professional knowledge:
1, L. Schulman's professional knowledge analysis framework;
① Subject knowledge
② General teaching knowledge
③ Curriculum knowledge
④ Subject teaching knowledge (also translated as subject teaching content knowledge, referred to as PCK).
⑤ Learners' knowledge and its characteristics
⑥ Educational situational knowledge
⑦ Knowledge about the goal, purpose and value of education and its philosophical and historical background.
The empirical results show that PCK can best distinguish the differences between subject experts and teaching experts, between efficient teachers (famous teachers) and inefficient teachers.
2.P.L. Grossman divides PCK into four parts.
(1) The dominant concept of a subject-the knowledge about the nature of the subject and the most valuable knowledge for learning.
② Students' understanding and misunderstanding of a certain learning content.
③ The knowledge of the organizational structure of the specific learning content in the horizontal and vertical directions.
(4) Present the strategic knowledge of specific learning content to students.
After defining the basic framework of teachers' knowledge, especially the core component PCK, the teaching skills of using PCK to solve problems are gradually explored, which greatly clarifies the certification of teachers' qualifications and the training orientation of teachers' professional knowledge and skills in all countries of the world.
What is the education and teaching knowledge that primary school teachers should possess?
First of all, a primary school teacher should have the knowledge, skills, emotions and other qualities that ordinary teachers should have. Therefore, a certain ideological and moral quality, cultural knowledge, educational ability and physical and mental health quality should be the basic quality structure of primary school teachers. In addition, primary school teachers should also have certain professional qualities. Due to the particularity of primary school education and education objects, the professional quality of primary school teachers refers to the sum of professional knowledge and teaching skills that teachers engaged in primary school teaching should have.
With the rapid development of socialist modernization, China's education keeps pace with the times. Since the reform and opening up, education has been continuously developed and improved, and the new generation of education methods have been constantly updated. Then, as a new generation of teachers, while mastering extensive and profound professional knowledge, they should also understand modern scientific and technological knowledge and modern educational means, keep up with the development of the times with the thinking and attitude of keeping pace with the times, study hard, constantly improve their professional level, actively participate in educational research, dare to explore in education, create a set of scientific and efficient teaching methods, attract students with vivid educational methods, and make them feel interesting and interesting when listening to our classes.
Secondly, teachers should have a solid knowledge of psychology. Education is scientific, and all educational and teaching activities are inseparable from the guidance of educational theory and psychological theory, especially quality education needs the guidance of modern educational theory and psychological theory. Primary school teachers must master the knowledge of primary education, children's psychology and subject education psychology, follow the educational laws, and understand the basic principles of classroom teaching and the psychological characteristics of children's learning, such as children's memory, observation, thinking and interest, habits, will, personality and other psychological phenomena.
As a teacher, we should establish a correct educational concept and grasp the new achievements of educational theory, educational practice and educational modernization, such as curriculum, educational testing and evaluation, educational research methods and so on. In particular, I have a deep understanding of the basic position of primary education in the whole education and its enlightenment to children's development, and I have a clear understanding of the connotation and characteristics of children's development and the role of education in children's development. Primary school teachers should be good at organically combining the theory of educational science with the teaching practice of primary schools, cultivate their ability to apply theory to practice, and make the theory of educational science really play a role. In addition, we should also understand the age characteristics and subject learning psychology of primary school students.
Third, pay attention to details and let children grow up in details. The educational process is a process of integration of knowledge and action and emotional blending, and educational details are educational resources that need to be developed in the educational process. A word, an expression and a gesture of a student may become a refreshing educational detail; A greeting, an action and a praise from the teacher may also give people a wonderful education. As long as we grasp it keenly and dig deeply, we may find a breakthrough in education, and even form a powerful educational whirlwind, which will make students feel excited. I think the essence of education is motivation. If different educational methods can achieve the purpose of encouraging students to make progress, then such educational methods are effective. The most clear means of education is the kind of "seamless" but "affectionate" education.
Business knowledge in junior middle school Chinese education and teaching
1. Basic knowledge of education (educational theory and application).
According to the different requirements of teachers' positions in middle schools, primary schools and kindergartens, test questions are ordered separately. 2. Subject expertise (subject knowledge and teaching).
There are three levels. Candidates choose one subject according to their grades and subjects: high school and junior high school: Chinese, mathematics, English, politics, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, information technology (the same as high school and junior high school), science and society (only junior high school teachers are selected for the latter two subjects). Primary school: Chinese, math and English.
Teacher recruitment examination review materials kindergarten stage: preschool education. 1. Basic knowledge of education.
Including pedagogy, psychology, educational policies and regulations, etc. 2. Subject expertise.
Including the teaching content of corresponding disciplines, the corresponding subject content of higher normal education (including teaching materials and teaching methods) and so on. After determining the subjects that need to be prepared for the exam, start preparing the corresponding materials.
What are the professional qualities of teachers?
A. Teachers' professional ethics
The teacher himself is the most important teacher in the school, the most intuitive and instructive model, and a living example for students. Teachers' professional ethics is the core and soul of teachers' quality. Therefore, as the main body of educating people, teachers should first have a perfect personality, be worthy of being a model in ideological realm and moral sentiment, and influence students with good moral demeanor. Influence personality with personality and cultivate quality with quality. As Confucius, a great educator, said: it is just and not ordered; His body is not straight, although he disobeys.
Teachers' professional ethics have a subtle influence on students. People's teachers should constantly improve their moral cultivation, strive to improve themselves, and truly become a model for students to learn. As a glorious people's teacher, he is engaged in the most glorious profession under the sun and shoulders the sacred mission of cultivating future builders of the motherland. We should set up lofty ideals, strive to love and devote ourselves to the cause of education, hold a heart, and don't take half a blade of grass.
2. Professional knowledge literacy
Teachers are professionals engaged in educational work and organizers and guides of students' learning activities. It is necessary for every teacher to have professional knowledge.
Teachers' work is a complex creative work. To successfully complete the teaching task, we must first be proficient in the knowledge of the subject taught and have a deep understanding of all the contents of the subject taught. If you have deep resources, you can make ends meet. If a teacher stubbornly gnaws at teaching materials and doesn't pay attention to supplementing fresh blood, even he becomes out of date. As a teacher, you must always keep a sense of urgency in knowledge. No matter how the textbooks are compiled and the courses are changed, you should be the owner of knowledge, so as to be worthy of yourself and students. It is an unchangeable truth that knowledge will only be used when it is used.
Three. Learn to read and write.
Makarenko told us that a teacher's skill is not an art that needs genius, but a major that needs learning to master. Learning is the foundation of development and the source of progress. Learning is the first priority for teachers' development and progress. At present, with the deepening of classroom teaching reform, teachers need to be familiar with and master more and more things. If you don't strengthen your study and take the initiative to master new knowledge and skills, you will not be competent for your work. It is not enough for a teacher to have only one bucket of water. Teachers should be running rivers! Therefore, teachers should learn to be the first, keep pace with the times, live and learn, and be learning-oriented teachers to meet the requirements of the times. Teachers' lifelong learning is the requirement of the times and the need of teachers' own development. Tao Xingzhi put it well: if students want to learn well, they must be eager to learn. Only a gentleman who never tires of learning can teach students who never tire of learning. This points out the importance of teachers' learning, and teachers should regard learning as a long-term and uninterrupted work. Only when you are old can you make progress and innovate.
4. Psychological literacy
Teachers shoulder the sacred mission of educating people. Educators must be educated first. In order to make students have good psychological quality, teachers should first eliminate psychological obstacles. Have an open mind, a sound personality, a happy mood, harmonious interpersonal relationships and indomitable courage, face difficulties, be optimistic, face up to yourself, control bad emotions, be helpful, be kind to others, love work and life, and drive students with a positive attitude towards life.
Of course, there are many aspects of teachers' professionalism, and hard work is the most true.
What are the professional trainings for teachers?
1. Teacher training content
The content of school-based teacher training can be based on the requirements of quality education, aiming at cultivating students' creative ability of personal expertise, starting with reforming the old methods of traditional classroom teaching, and adopting the training content of combining teacher training with overcoming the key and difficult points of education and teaching reform. Only in this way can we seek the school-running characteristics of quality education in various schools, build a distinctive team of teachers with healthy psychological quality, sound personality, solid scientific and cultural foundation, innovative spirit and strong practical ability, and cultivate students who meet the needs of modern social development.
Two. There are five types of school-based training:
First, the training of school educational concepts and educational technologies;
Second, the school's characteristic education and the cultivation of scientific research achievements;
Third, cultivate regional folk culture and historical inheritance;
Fourth, the training of discipline and career knowledge and basic skills;
The fifth is the cultivation of excellent teaching and research and cases.
Three. There are five modules in the construction of training courses:
(1) Modern teaching theory, educational thought and the cultivation of professional ethics
(2) Modern teaching methods, teaching modes and teaching styles of famous teachers.
(3) Teachers' basic skills and abilities in education and teaching.
(4) Modern educational technology
(5) The latest basic theories and teaching reform information.
Four:
The national training plan for primary and secondary school teachers, referred to as "National Training Plan", was fully implemented by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance on 20 10, which is an important measure to improve the overall quality of primary and secondary school teachers, especially rural teachers. The "National Training Plan" includes "Demonstration Training Project for Primary and Secondary School Teachers" and "Training Project for Rural Key Teachers in the Midwest".
Demonstration training for primary and secondary school teachers mainly includes demonstration projects such as backbone training for primary and secondary school teachers, distance training for primary and secondary school teachers, training for head teachers, and training for teachers in weak subjects in short supply in primary and secondary schools. It aims to train and demonstrate the backbone of primary and secondary school teachers throughout the country, develop and provide a batch of high-quality training course teaching resources, and provide strong support for the "Central and Western Rural Key Teacher Training Project" and the professional development of primary and secondary school teachers.
The training of rural backbone teachers in the central and western regions mainly focuses on the directional training of rural compulsory education teachers in the central and western regions. At the same time, guide all localities to improve the teacher training system, increase the training of rural teachers, and improve the teaching ability and professional level of rural teachers. The training plan mainly includes off-the-job replacement training for rural primary and secondary school teachers, short-term centralized training for rural primary and secondary school teachers and remote training for rural primary and secondary school teachers. Since 20 10, there are 9 universities, namely 2+7 universities. 2 refers to two comprehensive universities: Peking University and Guangzhou University, and 7 refers to seven normal universities: Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University, Central China Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University, South China Normal University, Jiangxi Normal University and Jiangsu Normal University.
For details, please refer to Baidu Encyclopedia:
National training plan for primary and secondary school teachers