Knowledge is the ladder of human progress. Learning knowledge depends not only on books, but also on experience. Theoretical knowledge is often too standardized. If you just master the theory and have no practical experience, it will have no practical effect. Things in reality are often ever-changing, and it is dogmatic to apply it to solve specific situations. Numerous facts have proved that only by combining theoretical knowledge with practice can knowledge be applied to the highest level. In order to be good at learning, be a useful person, and turn knowledge into something I really own, in the face of fierce competition and great pressure, combined with my professional knowledge, the school provided many internship units for students to exercise us. I was lucky enough to enter Luoyang Tractor No.1 Factory for internship.
First, the purpose of internship
The following points should be achieved in this internship: 1: Through production practice in different places, go deep into the first line of production to observe and investigate, and obtain the necessary perceptual knowledge, so that students can fully understand the production organization and production process of machinery factory, understand and master the basic production knowledge of this major, consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge they have learned, and lay the foundation for the teaching, curriculum design and graduation design of subsequent professional courses. 2. During the internship, through the analysis of typical parts processing technology, as well as the machine tools, fixtures and measuring tools used in parts processing, the theoretical knowledge is combined with practice to analyze and solve problems. 3. By writing an internship diary and an internship report, exercise and cultivate your ability to observe problems, analyze problems and collect and sort out technical data.
Second, the internship content
(1) Understand the production process, production line layout and technical equipment of the factory;
(2) Record the design and manufacturing process and equipment of parts;
(3) Master the knowledge and methods of machining technology.
(4) Understand the knowledge of cutting tools and be familiar with the structure, selection and use of commonly used cutting tools.
(5) Knowledge of machine tools and CNC systems, especially typical CNC equipment such as machining centers.
(6) Understand the production management mode of enterprises and learn advanced management methods.
(7) Be familiar with and consolidate the knowledge of casting technology and equipment, and consolidate the theoretical knowledge we have learned, so that we can learn more knowledge that can't be learned in textbooks and increase our knowledge. During the internship, we learned some basic operation procedures of the factory, got a preliminary understanding of the structure, processing methods and control methods of machine tools, and got a detailed understanding of the processing technology of some parts, which laid a good foundation for future work. Of course, it is more important for us to consolidate the theoretical knowledge we usually study and know how much we have really learned, so as to make up for our shortcomings.
Third, introduce the internship unit.
Introduction to YTO:
1955, as one of the key construction projects of 156 aided by the former Soviet Union during the First Five-Year Plan period of New China, Yi Tuo, the largest tractor factory in China, broke ground in the Royal Garden of Yang Di, the former emperor of Jianxi, Luoyang, under the instructions of President Mao Zedong. After three years of construction and improvement, the first tractor was towed off the assembly line on July 20th 1958. 1 959165438+1October1,officially completed in Yi Tuo. 1990 was rated as "national first-class enterprise" by the State Council Enterprise Management Committee. 1997, China Yi Tuo group reorganized its tractor-related business, assets and liabilities into joint-stock system, and established First Tractor Co., Ltd. according to law. After that, the joint-stock company issued H shares overseas and listed in Hong Kong on June 23rd of the same year. 1999 "Dongfanghong" trademark was recognized as a well-known trademark in China by the State Administration. In 2003, "Dongfanghong" brand tractors (crawler and wheeled), industrial bulldozers and "Luoyang" brand road rollers won the title of "Famous Brand Products in Henan Province". In June 2000, the company passed the ISO 9002: 1994 quality management system certification, and in May 2003, it passed the ISO 900/KLOC-0: 2000 quality management system certification. At present, in order to further meet the needs of production and market development, the company began to fully implement the environmental/occupational health and safety management system standards throughout the company in 2004, ensuring that it passed the third-party certification in the first half of 2005, and established a quality management system based on ISO900 1, organically combined with ISO1,OHSMS management system.
The successful registration of China Tractor Research and Testing Center in 1990s greatly improved the product research and development strength of Yi Tuo. Over the years, Yi Tuo has been cooperating with internationally renowned enterprises in Germany, Japan and Britain in new product development, investment, production and marketing. Many products can be seen in many countries in the world.
Yi Tuo has always been committed to protecting the living environment of human beings, and its diesel engine has been one of the cleanest and most energy-saving power sources in China since 1970s. Among them, LR 105 series diesel engines designed jointly with Ricardo Company of the United Kingdom meet the Euro II standard and become the best choice for supporting power of agricultural machinery and construction machinery in China. The mud truck specially designed for Europe has reached the international advanced level.
With the production experience of 6.5438+500,000 tractors, as well as the unique technological level and technical strength, China Yi Tuo Group Co., Ltd. has become an outstanding agricultural machinery manufacturing expert and enjoys a high reputation in this field.
Fourth, the internship process
1, entrance safety education:
Time: afternoon of 2009 1 1.2
We conducted safety education in Yi Tuo Training Center. The master showed us safety production records and accident cases. Some precautions and bloody cases are terrible, but we have to take notes. These bloody cases have sounded the alarm for people. The teacher put forward a lot of requirements for us, and we must all do it. After all, no one can afford an accident.
1, sandals are not allowed to enter the factory;
2. You must wear pants when entering the factory;
3. Smoking and slapstick are prohibited in the factory, and those found will be fined;
4, pay attention to the high altitude, there are crown blocks and hanging objects to bypass.
5. The clothes should be tight after entering the factory, and it is not allowed to carry a backpack into the factory;
6, students don't pile up things in the factory, don't block the entrance of the factory, don't stand on the main road of the factory.
2. Visit Yi Tuo No.1 Assembly Plant:
Time: 165438+20091the morning of October 3rd.
The machine tools in the workshop mainly include radial drilling machine, turret hexagonal lathe and automatic spline shaft milling machine.
This workshop is mainly about the assembly of crawler tractors and complete machines, as well as the processing of shaft parts, splines and boxes.
Into the workshop, three large CNC machining centers are impressive. It is further learned from the master that these three large CNC machining centers are all imported from Japan, and the main processing object is gearbox box processing. They have replaced the previous hard processing production lines, increased the flexibility of enterprise production, and reflected the development direction of Yi Tuo Group to flexible manufacturing enterprises. The product of the first assembly workshop: four-speed transmission (material: HT200 HT250).
Process flow:
5. Datum for drilling center hole: excircle and large end face.
10. Datum of rough turning excircle: central hole
15. Benchmark of finishing cylinder: central hole
20. Datum of milling and drawing groove and locking groove: the excircle and side of the inner end face of the head.
25. Datum for milling semi-circular groove: excircle and second locking groove.
30. trimming
30J- 1 test
35. Heat treatment
40. Grinding cylinder benchmark: central hole
40J-2 test
Heat treatment:
1. The carburizing depth is 1.2 mm ~ ~ 1.7 mm;
2. Quenching and tempering to hardness HRC "56; ;
3. The allowable hardness of section A shall not be less than the length of HRC40 150;
3, visit the power machinery factory:
Time: 165438+200910.3 pm.
Brief introduction of Yi Tuo Power Machinery Co., Ltd.: This company is one of the backbone professional companies of China Yi Tuo Group Co., Ltd., which was jointly invested and established by Yi Tuo Diesel Engine Company and First Tractor Co., Ltd. in 2003. Its predecessor was the First Engine Factory of First Tractor Co., Ltd. Since the establishment of 1958, it has produced more than 600,000 diesel engines of various types. It mainly produces engines and their parts. The main products are 1 and YTR 105 diesel engines (used in agricultural machinery and construction machinery. Up to now, it has sold 6.5438+0.2 million sets) 2, 465.438+0.25 series diesel engines (used to equip crawler tractors) 3, engine sets; The machining workshop in the factory mainly produces parts, cylinder heads and cylinders, and there are several production lines.
4. Visit the mold factory:
Time: 165438+20091the morning of October 4th.
There are: 1, tool department (common tools, precision tools, broaches and hobbing tools), measuring department (measuring tools and checking tools), and non-standard fixtures.
The production of cutting tools mainly consists of grinding ordinary cutting tools (turning tools and milling cutters), gear hobbing of tap and gear cutting lathe and the cooperation of milling machines. The gauge has positioning keys, positioning blocks and splines. Fixtures are mainly produced by fitters and turning and milling machines, mainly clamping chucks.
The technological process of end milling cutter: 1, drilling, tapping 2, drilling, retracting 3, milling 4, printing 5, heat treatment 6, grinding 7, cleaning 8, drilling 9, grinding 7.
Deep hole drilling technology: 1, turning 2, tooth milling 3, back milling 4, flat tail milling 5, printing, drilling 6, heat treatment 7, front grinding and groove polishing 8, excircle grinding 9, column back corner grinding and front grinding.
Technology of locating key: 1, planing 2, grinding (two pieces) 3, scribing 4, drilling, deburring 5, HRC40-50 6, and cutting.
Box Processing and Fixture Diagram
5. Visit the precision foundry:
Time: 165438+20091the afternoon of October 4th.
The factory mainly adopts the investment casting method. The investment casting size is accurate, the casting surface is smooth, there is no parting surface, and there is no need for machining or less machining. Investment casting has many processes and long production cycle. Due to the strength of the shell, the weight of the casting is generally less than 25kg. Suitable for producing small, medium, thin-walled and complex castings of various metals and alloys. There are all kinds of excavators and loaders, such as bucket teeth, tooth roots, mining drills, railway pillow bottom screen scrapers, chain scrapers, tooth scrapers and so on. Wear resistance and quality can be compared with imported original spare parts. The annual production capacity is 3000 tons. Our factory has strong technical force and excellent technology and equipment. It has the first mechanized shell-making production line in China, intermediate frequency induction furnace, casting conveyor linked with molding, gas baking, pouring and sand dropping, DV-6 direct reading spectrometer imported from Microsoft Corporation of the United States and other advanced quality inspection equipment.
The technological process of investment casting is as follows: making master mold-making pressing-making wax mold-making shell-dewaxing-baking modeling-pouring-shelling.
Using paraffin modeling, the production process of investment manufacturing is basically as follows: 1, melting wax, 1: 1 paraffin stearic acid (to prevent wax mold softening) 2, wax mold 3, assembly 4, melting wax 5, baking (drying furnace, evaporation of incomplete wax drops) 6, and casting.
6. Visit the fuel injection company:
Time: 165438+20091the morning of October 5th.
Founded in 1956, the company mainly produces fuel injectors and oil pumps. Its workshops include automatic machinery workshop and casting workshop. The main machine tools are single-axis hexagonal automatic machine tools and precision single-axis longitudinal cutting automatic lathe. The main production parts are thrust plate, lower body, camshaft, injector coupling (including oil needle and oil needle body, which are machined by special EDM) and plunger coupling, and the main production parts are oil pump thrust plate (regulating and controlling oil and thrust).
During the visit, I saw three assembly lines in the main processing workshop. The first thing I saw was
The main processing technology of the lower body of the oil pump is: 1, rough milling upper and lower surfaces 2, drilling 3, boring left and right holes 4, boring (cylinder 4 hole) 5, drilling front surface, milling front surface 6, milling hole (cylinder 4 hole) 7, positioning with 4 holes, milling front, rear, left and right surfaces 8, boring left and right holes 9, and chamfering based on 4 holes.
Machining technology of camshaft: 1, drilling center hole 2, turning right excircle 3, journal 4, turning left excircle and cone surface (once machined by CNC lathe) 5, turning right excircle 6, finishing cam surface 7, heat treatment 8, grinding and other finishing technologies.
7. Visit the gear factory:
Time: 165438+200910.5 pm.
Master's content: 1, machining methods and principles (forming method and generating method) of gears (helical gears, cylindrical gears, conical gears, internal teeth and external teeth), as well as their machining characteristics (precision, surface quality and production efficiency) and application scope (types and batches).
2. Process flow
3. Process equipment: the movement, application scope and testing contents of machine tools and cutters (gear hobbing, gear shaping, gear broaching and gear planing).
The machining technology of carburized hard tooth surface gear: hobbing-carburizing-quenching-datum repairing-grinding finishing.
Gear hobbing technology: This is an economical and universal gear hobbing method. Any hob with a given normal modulus and pressure angle can process spur gears and helical gears with the same normal module and pressure angle. The hobbing blade of involute gear is basically straight, and the involute tooth profile of gear can be generated by meshing. The machining accuracy of hobbing method can reach 6 levels. The gear with 6-level precision should be machined by precision hobbing machine, and the cutter should be finished by AA-level precision hob. Generally, the hobbing accuracy is 7-8, and it is more economical to reach 7-8 after carburizing and before grinding. Generally, the hardness of gear hobbing materials does not exceed 38HRC.
Gear grinding technology: Gear grinding technology is the finishing technology of hard gear and the main processing technology of precision gear. The size of grinding allowance should be based on removing the defect layer of tooth surface, eliminating carburizing and quenching deformation, ensuring the required thickness of carburized layer and achieving the minimum allowance of gear grinding accuracy. The uniformity of grinding allowance is very important to ensure the quality of tooth surface, and the unevenness of grinding allowance is affected by the following three factors:
(1) Gear hobbing accuracy before machining
(2) Heat treatment deformation of carburizing and quenching
(3) After the heat treatment, the errors generated in the benchmark processing are corrected.
Tooth end machining: Tooth end machining of gears includes rounding, chamfering, chamfering and deburring.
On-site machine tools: Y3 150E gear hobbing machine (straight gear and helical gear machining, m≤8mm, d≤500mm), Y236B bevel gear planer (d≤600mm, m≤ 10mm), CH3240-MC micro-control turret lathe (gear blank machining, multiple tools can be used at one time)
Gear processing flow: turning-gear forming-heat treatment-fine grinding, turning excircle-gear milling-grinding-deburring.
8. Visit the construction machinery factory:
Time: 165438+20091the morning of October 6th.
The farm was built in April 1970. Tanks used to be produced, but now they mainly produce agricultural machinery, excavators, loaders, bulldozers, road rollers and so on.
* * * There are 5 workshops, 1, structural workshop, 2, riveting workshop, 3, machining workshop, 4, painting workshop and 5, assembly workshop.
This company is a joint venture between China No.1 Tractor Co., Ltd. and Brilliance China Machinery Holding Company. The company covers an area of 6.5438+400,000 square meters, with a building area of 98,000 square meters. The company has always adhered to the policy of "quality first, customer first", passed the 1S0900 1 quality system certification, and was awarded the honorary titles of "May 1st Labor Award", "Top Ten Units in Professional Ethics Construction" and "Excellent Foreign-invested Enterprise" by provinces and cities for many times. Excellent and excellent manufacturing. Relying on the strength of military production, the company not only owns more than 50 large-scale, precision and rare advanced equipment and more than 400 main processing equipment manufactured by well-known enterprises at home and abroad, but also owns international advanced testing instruments in measurement and testing, which provides a reliable guarantee for product quality. From military production to construction machinery manufacturing, the company has always adhered to the enterprise spirit of "inheriting the quality of military industry and striving for the first class in the industry", and developed three series of products with good foundation and strong strength: wheel loader, crawler bulldozer and vibratory roller.
9. Visit the heat treatment plant:
Time: 2009 afternoon 1 1.6
The heat treatment plant is a professional factory established on the basis of integrating the heat treatment resources of Yi Tuo Company. It has rich and mature technical management experience in heat treatment processes such as carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, induction quenching, tempering, normalizing and annealing, as well as surface oxidation, phosphating and electroplating, with an overall annual production and processing capacity of over 20,000 tons. Its equipment and function are double row furnaces, which are mainly used for carburizing and quenching. The auxiliary material methanol is carburizing agent and acetone is protective gas. Shot peening machine is mainly used to improve the surface compressive stress of parts and improve the surface quality of products; Straightener is mainly used to correct the deformation of parts caused by heat treatment and shot peening.
Production equipment of heat treatment plant
10, visit Luozhou, Luotong and CITIC factories:
Time: 20091October 9 165438 to 10.
Luoyang LYC Bearing Co., Ltd. is a key equipment manufacturer of Henan Coal Chemical Industry Group. Its predecessor was Luoyang Bearing Factory, a key construction project in the First Five-Year Plan, and it is one of the largest comprehensive bearing manufacturing enterprises in China bearing industry. In 2007, "LYC" brand was rated as "the most competitive bearing brand in China" by the Ministry of Commerce. The company has been recognized as "the leading enterprise in China's industrial field" for four consecutive years. At present, LYC has set up sales representative offices in more than 30 cities in China, and established a perfect sales service network in China, Hongkong, San Francisco, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Italy and Rome, and its products are exported to more than 70 countries and regions.
The main products of Chinalco Luoyang Copper Industry are copper and copper alloy plates, strips, foils, tubes, bars, profiles, wires, aluminum-magnesium plates and strips, electrolytic copper and so on. It can produce 170 alloy brands, more than 760 varieties and tens of thousands of specifications of color processing materials. Products are widely used in aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, military industry, metallurgy, electronics, electromechanical, textile, transportation, construction, chemical industry, light industry, energy and other national economic fields, and have made outstanding contributions to national economic development and national defense and military industry. Chinalco Luoyang Copper is the only copper processing enterprise in China that has obtained the license for scientific research and production of weapons and equipment. It is also the research, development and production base of China defense military copper. It has provided key copper and copper alloy materials for the research and development of satellites, Long March rockets, various fighters, nuclear submarines and shenzhou spaceship, and made outstanding contributions to China's national defense industry, and has been commended by the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Science, Technology and Industry Committee for National Defense and various military industrial groups for many times.
Citic heavy industries Machinery Co., Ltd. (formerly Luoyang Mining Machinery Factory), the company's main products are: mining machinery, lifting machinery, coal preparation machinery, crushing and grinding machinery, cement machinery, metallurgical rolling machinery, environmental protection machinery, power generation equipment, high-power reducers, large castings and forgings, etc. It can provide complete sets of major technical equipment and engineering services for basic industries such as mining, building materials, metallurgy, nonferrous metals, electric power, chemical industry and environmental protection. Products are exported to Asia, Africa, Europe, the United States, Australia and other countries and regions, occupying a large market share at home and abroad.
V. Summary of practice
Before I went, I always thought that I should have a deeper understanding of the production situation of the enterprise according to the knowledge I learned in books and classes, but I didn't know how naive my thoughts were until I went, and I realized the true meaning of the book, "Quit when it is difficult, it will be done", and I also understood the teacher's good intentions. We must go to the factory for internship. Really, there are many things that seem to have been understood, but in reality, it is another situation. Sometimes you think that what you have mastered may be only a superficial or overall aspect, or even a wrong understanding. You can't find these problems without field investigation and practice. This internship gives each of us a good opportunity to learn knowledge that books can't learn, increase our knowledge, have a certain intuitive understanding of production and operation, and have a new understanding of workers. Thanks to the leaders and teachers for giving us this opportunity to enrich ourselves and increase our knowledge!
The internship lasted more than two weeks. During this period, we always visit and practice in four units. Under the guidance of teachers and factory technicians, we saw a lot and learned a lot. Let me have a new understanding and understanding of many things that I don't understand in textbooks through practical observation.
In this era of science and technology, there are many kinds of high-tech products, and their production processes and processes are also different, but no matter what kind of products, from raw material processing to finished products, they all follow certain production principles and are completed by some main equipment and processes. Therefore, in the process of professional practice, we should first understand its production principle, make clear the production process and the structure and operation of main equipment. Secondly, under the guidance of professionals, through the design, production and development of internship products, we will initially cultivate our knowledge application ability.
Internship experience
This internship gives each of us a good opportunity to learn knowledge that books can't learn, increase our knowledge, have a certain intuitive understanding of production and operation, and have a new understanding of workers. Thanks to the leaders and teachers for giving us this opportunity to enrich ourselves and increase our knowledge, we have a lot of feelings about production practice, and only then do we realize the true meaning of "what we get on paper is too shallow to know anything" in the book, and we also understand the good intention that teachers must go to the factory for internship. The experience of this production practice is summarized as follows:
1, which expanded my knowledge and made a good supplement to the theoretical knowledge of books;
2, really down-to-earth into the factory production key areas to understand the production process, understand the factory, understand the equipment;
3. Lay a solid foundation for the study of professional knowledge and lay a foundation for the study of professional courses in the future;
4. A thorough and comprehensive understanding of the professional orientation of this major will play a guiding role in future work;
5. Impressed with the production equipment from perceptual to rational cognition;
6. Have a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship among workshops, resource allocation, production lines and the role of corporate culture in enterprise development.
Sixth, thank you.
During the internship period when the weather changed suddenly, the teachers tried their best to show the team around and felt very moved. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to them.