First, the foundation for the growth of young scientific and technological innovation talents
(1) interest
It is very simple to understand "interest" literally or generally. Nowadays, the wave of innovation is surging. If we do this regardless of interests and whether the foundation exists, it will violate the law of scientific understanding and appear fraud. Cultivating innovative talents is our goal and pursuit. It doesn't matter whether the students win the prize or not. What is important is what kind of education and training process makes young students develop innovative consciousness. In my opinion, teenagers should be given more spiritual food and more practical study. Only in the process of forming their interests, ambitions and ideals can they constantly show their innovative talents through the efforts of teachers and students.
It is a long process for teenagers to become innovative talents in science and technology, not overnight. It should be said that they had many dreams and interests when they were young. Paying attention to stimulating and cultivating teenagers' interest is an important responsibility of parents and instructors of new teachers. People's interest is not innate, it is formed and developed in the process of social practice on the basis of certain needs. Interest based on spiritual needs and material needs will promote people's enthusiasm for contacting and observing things, actively engage in these activities, and pay attention to exploring their mysteries. If teenagers want to become innovative talents in science and technology, they must form the habit of learning, using and loving science from an early age, so that their hobbies can be fully developed.
Interest is the tendency of people to know something or like an activity, and this tendency is bound to come from external things or activities. Therefore, knowing all kinds of things and participating in all kinds of activities are teenagers' hobbies. Of course, this kind of interest is only in a general sense and cannot be their ambition or ideal, but we should actively affirm and guide it. It is worth noting that we emphasize that teenagers' hobbies are not just interests, but require them to form stable interests and clear-cut interests on the basis of extensive interests, that is, to become ambitions or ideals.
Therefore, in the process of selecting and discovering whether teenagers have innovative consciousness and innovative personality, we must examine whether teenagers have a wide range of hobbies, whether they like reading extracurricular science and technology books, and whether they like to care about and talk about scientific phenomena and events related to science. Selecting and discovering young science and technology enthusiasts is a very meaningful job, and it is an effective way to select students through understanding and observation in the stage of discovery and training.
With a good range of interests, you can gradually form hobbies, from childhood hobbies to ideals. Only with such hobbies can their curiosity be stimulated. When young students have accumulated knowledge and ability to a certain extent, they will sprout new ideas, enter innovative practice activities and become innovative talents.
Educational Psychology, edited by Pan Wei, holds that interest is the most realistic and active component of learning motivation. Interest plays a role in supporting, promoting and promoting a person's activities, and prepares for future activities. Interest plays an important role in students' learning activities. Russian educator ushinski once pointed out: "Compulsory learning without the slightest interest will stifle students' desire to explore interest. "If students are interested in learning and activities, they can arouse their enthusiasm for learning and promote them to achieve good results in their studies. Yang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, pointed out: "The mind is not a container to be filled, but a torch to be lit". When the torch was lit, the interest of young students was aroused. Interest is the driving force of scientific research. In order to protect students' interest and curiosity, we must respect their right to ask questions. Not every student can ask questions. Whether the question is right or not, being able to ask questions shows that they are interested and curious, have the need to know and participate in activities, and should be protected.
In a word, only young students have extensive interests and hobbies in science and technology, and through a lot of observation, analysis, thinking, enlightenment and exploration, as well as innovative practice activities, will they have the possibility of growth and development.
(2) Observation
In psychology, consciousness generally refers to conscious psychological activities, that is, people's conscious reflection of objective reality. It goes without saying that innovation consciousness is a relatively special conscious psychological activity, and the foundation of innovation consciousness is the concrete embodiment of innovative thinking and the synthesis of human emotion, will, conscience and humanistic spirit. And the basis of thinking is observation. Therefore, if young students want to form innovative consciousness, they should start with observation and perception, so that young students can have a well-informed platform.
According to scientific statistics, about 85% of people's information is obtained through our eyes. As the saying goes, we are well informed. Of course, we can also get a lot of information through other sensory systems such as hearing, but it is limited and incomplete after all. Let's not talk about the pain that blind people can't observe carefully, which will bring great inconvenience to people with certain visual impairment. Whether in life or work, the acquisition of information will definitely be affected. Even people with sound sensory systems, such as vision, can hardly observe and feel comprehensively and clearly if they have not developed scientific observation methods and habits since childhood. In the long run, it is hard to imagine that they will become scientific and technological innovation talents. Therefore, in order to train young students to become innovative talents, we should guide them to learn from life and society at an early age, start with observing things around them, observe the world in a scientific way, broaden their horizons and lay a foundation for further study and practice. This is a cognitive problem worthy of our parents and teachers' serious consideration, and it is also a regular problem in cultivating teenagers in the enlightenment stage.
Then, when should innovative thinking be cultivated and where should innovative thinking be cut in?
Psychological research believes that people's creativity is cultivated. Since it is to be cultivated, we should start from an early age, because the formation of innovative consciousness comes from interesting observation, which is not only continuous, but also related to people's personality and independence. The development of personality and the formation and development of independence must start from teenagers. It can be seen that it is impossible to cultivate innovative consciousness if you can't develop scientific observation methods in adolescence and miss the training stage and opportunity of interest. The basis of observation is interest, and the basis of innovation is observation and thinking. They are an inseparable organic whole and develop in a spiral way.
Observation is a planned and purposeful way to examine phenomena with the senses. Observation is a planned perceptual process of an object, a phenomenon or something. At the same time, observation is a process combined with positive thinking, and it is also a complete process of learning, thinking and understanding. Therefore, we should take scientific observation method as the starting point of enlightenment education, guide young students to make a lot of effective observations, make them develop good habits and methods of scientific observation, and lay a foundation for their further innovative practice.
(3) Practice
Practice is accompanied by people's growth and development, and it is difficult to grow into innovative talents without enough practical experience. From the long-term follow-up training, it is found that people with wide interests and hobbies who like practice can start from their own interests, participate in relevant interest groups or extracurricular activities, and insist on systematically participating in project training activities organized by off-campus education professional institutions that combine practice with theory. Through such comprehensive education, young students have a solid foundation, reasonable cognitive structure, strong hands-on practice and problem-solving ability, sound personality and correct core values. For example, similar young students can immediately show their distinctive personality characteristics and personal abilities when they enter a higher-level school for further study or work. Generally, they can be good helpers for tutors, core members, experiment and project organizers. When you enter the work unit, you can immediately enter the role and become a model and business leader among young employees. What is particularly outstanding is their innovative consciousness and ability. There is such a student university. After working for four years after graduation, she won three commercial construction awards and was rated as an outstanding young designer. Through long-term observation and statistics, it usually takes two to three years for them to become scientific and technological reserve talents with certain innovative consciousness and practical ability in primary and secondary schools.
As we all know, the purpose of cognition is not to know oneself, but to practice and transform the world. Therefore, knowledge comes from practice and should return to practice. Dialectical materialist epistemology holds that there is a more important process after obtaining rational knowledge, that is, another leap from rational knowledge to guiding practice. Guiding practice through acquired knowledge and testing and developing knowledge in practice are the continuation of the cognitive process. Young students study and exercise in such a cognitive and practical environment, and full practical accumulation has laid a solid foundation for their later innovative practical activities.
It is not difficult to understand that practice is the foundation of innovation, and the rich connotation of practice is unimaginable. The key is whether young students can always establish the ideas and concepts of adhering to practice. Adhering to the practice of promoting theoretical integration in primary and secondary schools will greatly develop and improve students' basic skills, basic knowledge and innovative practical ability. In this experience process, they can be influenced by scientific thoughts, form the habit of caring about scientific phenomena and problems around them, have the conditions to exercise practical opportunities to raise and solve problems, have better ability to analyze and comprehensively solve problems and practical work ability, and can produce a sense of responsibility to society and correct core values. With such practical process, practical foundation and perfect personality, young students can become innovative talents.
Second, the ways and characteristics of the growth of young scientific and technological innovation talents
(A) the three stages of the growth of young scientific and technological innovation talents
Generally speaking, the growth path of young scientific and technological innovative talents goes through three stages, which is of practical significance and scientific reason. of course
This is not absolute, but it is the only way.
1. Interest enlightenment stage
In the interest enlightenment stage, the instructor mainly designs and arranges (specific projects) activity plan, activity content, activity form and emotional education according to the students' age, psychology, physiological and cognitive level and cognitive structure. The fundamental guiding ideology at this stage is to cultivate and stimulate the interest of young students and inspire them. At this stage, the activity plan, content and form are arranged and designed with interest as the main line, and through the integration of observation, experience, teaching and doing, supplemented by the education of scientific spirit, scientific thought and scientific method. Set and arrange interest points for each specific activity, so that all activities form an interest chain. In terms of educational methods, from simple to complex, from low to advanced. This kind of activity arrangement and activity design makes students very happy and satisfied, and really makes students look forward to the next activity day.
2. Imitation development stage
When students complete the education and teaching activities in the interest enlightenment stage, they must change from the interest enlightenment stage to the imitation training stage. The guiding ideology of imitation training stage is based on practice, inquiry and hands-on, with the learning and mastery of basic skills, methods and knowledge as the main line. The activity content of this stage is characterized by the integration of comprehensive skill requirements and interlaced scientific principles. Through systematic activities, students are required to further independently master the basic ability of practical inquiry and comprehensive problem solving, and acquire the necessary relevant scientific knowledge and principles. At this stage, we should constantly inspire and guide students to observe the scientific problems around them, accumulate related problems and practical small topics, gradually improve students' awareness and ability to analyze and solve problems, experience and cultivate scientific ideas and methods to solve problems, cultivate students' sense of responsibility, respect for science and exploration spirit, and make full preparations for entering research and improvement.
3. Research and improvement stage
From imitation to research improvement, it is an important stage for middle school students to form their interests and ambitions. For students, the learning activities at this stage have reached a certain level in terms of their cognitive level, cognitive structure and various abilities, and they have already possessed their own thoughts and abilities to solve scientific problems in their study and life. The guiding ideology of this stage of activities is to let young students learn to learn, with research-based learning as the main line and topics as the carrier, and choose appropriate methods to conduct scientific research and solve problems. Under the guidance of the teacher, they ask their own questions and design solutions. Through data collection, investigation and analysis, experimental preparation, project implementation, and comprehensive induction and reflection on the project, the students made a comprehensive summary. Finally, a paper or work is formed for exchange and evaluation. The activity cycle of this stage needs at least one year. This stage of activities is an important stage for students to learn to learn, and it is also a key stage for young students to truly become innovative talents.
(B) the basic characteristics of youth scientific and technological innovation
The growth of young scientific and technological innovation talents should start with talent types, talent characteristics and personality specialties. In addition to their talents, young scientific and technological innovative talents are also compound talents with high IQ and high skills. Their personality characteristics are obvious, excellent and outstanding, and their personality tendencies and opinions are unique.
Through long-term observation, accumulation and induction of guiding students to carry out various off-campus science and technology education and teaching practice activities, it is recognized that young science and technology enthusiasts have certain innovative consciousness and ability from the early stage of growth to the display of innovative potential, and at least have the following basic characteristics, which is also the basis for selecting and cultivating young students.
1. Have spare time to study and ask more questions.
Have spare capacity to study and ask more questions. Their academic performance should be above average, and they are all-round students. There are countless whys in my mind since I was a child. They are curious and eager to learn. Have abstract logical thinking ability and a certain imagination, at the same time have a certain practical ability and social communication ability.
2. Broad interests and distinctive personality
They have a wide range of interests, are interested in everything, want to experience and try, have a stable interest and a clear direction. They are active in thinking, dare to express their personal thoughts and have distinct personalities.
3. Solid foundation and good cognition
They have a solid foundation of cultural knowledge, especially showing a preference for science subjects. The cognitive level is relatively high compared with peers, and the cognitive structure is relatively complete and reasonable.
4. Quick thinking and outstanding skills
They have quick thinking and outstanding skills. They can respond to problems immediately and put forward their own opinions on complex problems in an orderly way. The ability to solve problems with relatively skilled skills.
5. Scientific and comprehensive ability to achieve things
They have a sound mind and a wide range of knowledge, and can complete various tasks with the help of certain scientific and technological means and comprehensive thinking methods and abilities to deal with problems.
6. Good quality and positive.
They are strong-willed and positive. Have correct core values, clear aspirations and firm ideals.
The above six characteristics are observed and summarized in long-term off-campus science and technology education activities, which have basic understanding and observation value.
Third, the growth environment of young scientific and technological innovation talents.
(A) indispensable growth environment
The increasingly fierce performance of exam-oriented education is inseparable from the defect and ambiguity of core values. The propaganda of the concept of quality education can not be separated from the obstruction of implementation measures. The influence of the current situation on the overall educational environment should not be underestimated. At the same time, the training project for young innovative talents is also a very severe challenge. One-dimensional utilitarianism makes young students at a loss, and the heavy burden of schoolwork makes many young students lose their childhood happiness, lack interests and hobbies, and have no career aspirations. ...
Facing the reality, the administrative department of education can only accelerate the pace of educational reform, actively publicize and guide, and let the whole society realize that "innovation is the soul of a nation and an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of the country." It is an important plan for the survival and development of the next generation and the country to truly make every parent realize whether the educational ideas and concepts are correct. It is necessary to carry out positive publicity among young people, create an atmosphere of learning, using and loving science, guide and stimulate young students' interests in all aspects, and establish their professional aspirations and ideals and beliefs for serving the motherland.
In the process of cultivating young students to become innovative talents, society, families and educators must pay equal attention to intellectual education and moral education, and set an example in life, social responsibility, social morality, humanistic spirit and scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts. Especially as a science and technology educator who sets an example, he should become a guide for the growth of young people. The whole society has made due contributions to creating a good and indispensable educational environment.
(2) Learn from each other and make good friends with teenagers.
Teachers, parents or other elders of young students should be good at being mentors and friends during their growth. Especially in the process of cultivating innovative talents, it is of great help and promotion to young students to become innovative talents. In fact, it is also a good learning opportunity to become an elder in the process of exchange and guidance, which makes the learning atmosphere of teaching and learning more intense. This is a very important aspect of the growth environment of young scientific and technological innovation talents, and it is also the harvest of educational practice.
The hardware environment for the growth of young scientific and technological innovation talents to be emphasized here is also very important. Compared with software, it is relatively easy to solve and will not be discussed here.
Conclusion:
In a word, the growth law of young scientific and technological innovation talents is objective. The key is to correct the concept of education, follow scientific laws, and abandon the disadvantages in exam-oriented education. To make the younger generation have innovative spirit and ability and become innovative talents, it can only be achieved through the down-to-earth efforts and pursuits of teachers and students, and there is no other shortcut. Only by insisting on quality education, starting from interest, starting from foundation and developing step by step is the only way for the growth of young scientific and technological innovative talents.