Rose, also known as thorn rose, is the bud of rose. Rosaceae is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and other places.
plant morphology
Rose is a deciduous shrub, about 2m high, with thick branches, tufted stems and dense bristles. Odd pinnate compound leaves alternate, with 5-9 leaflets, oblong to oval, sharp apex, serrated edge, wrinkled surface, slightly frosted back, obvious reticular veins, villi and glandular spots; The total petiole has villi and bristles; Stipules connate with total petiole. Flowers are solitary at the ends of branches, sometimes clustered, purple or white, with strong fragrance. The longer they grow, the stronger they become, and the fruit is orange-red and slightly oblate. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is June-July.
Growth habit
Roses like sunny, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and loose and fertile loam or light loam with good drainage. They don't grow well in clay loam, and they don't bloom well. It should be planted in a well-ventilated place away from the wall to prevent sunlight from reflecting, burning the bud and affecting flowering.
breeding method
Roses are propagated mainly by ramets, but also by layering and cutting.
Before ramet propagation 1 year, sufficient fertilizer and water should be applied near the rhizosphere of the mother plant, and at the same time, the soil should be kept loose and moist to promote a large number of tillers in the roots. Because of the strong tillering ability of rose, the mother branch is easy to wither after each new branch is drawn, so it is necessary to transplant the branches near the rhizosphere to other places in time so that the mother branch can still grow vigorously. Therefore, from 1 1 to 12 every year, after the leaves fall, or when the buds just germinate in February of the following year, new plants that grow vigorously next to the mother plants can be dug up from Dahuadun, with 2-3 stems in each cluster and planted separately with roots. After planting, cut it from 20 ~ 25 cm above the soil surface, cultivate it for 2 ~ 3 years, and blossom in clusters.
Every year, from June to August, in the rainy season, the branches that were strong in that year were selected and bent into the soil. After cutting the buried part, use clods to embed the wound, bury it in the soil, and fix it with bamboo forks or branches to expose the branches to the ground and keep the soil moist. They can take root in 2-3 months, and can be separated from the mother plant and planted separately in the next spring.
Cutting propagation before germination in early spring, selecting 1 year-old branches with strong growth and no pests and diseases, cutting them into cuttings about 20cm long, obliquely planting them in a bed made of new river sand with a depth of 12 ~ 14 cm, compacting them, watering them, keeping the temperature of the sand bed unchanged, rooting for about 30 days, and transplanting after germination. Sand bed cutting is easy to heal and take root, but it needs to be cut in the sunny place of greenhouse or in the field with arched plastic shed and careful management. Softwood cutting is usually carried out in rainy season. Take semi-mature branches, cut about 20cm in the middle and lower part as cuttings, with 2 ~ 3 nodes and buds on them, insert them obliquely in the soil, water them after compaction, and transplant them after rooting and sprouting. Cutting of old branches is mostly carried out in the growing season from September to165438+1October.
Planting technique
Soil preparation should choose sunny, fertile and loose loam or sandy loam. Before ploughing, apply 2500 ~ 3000 kg compost per mu, turn it over 20 ~ 25 cm, carefully rake it flat, make a high ridge with a width of 1.5 m and a height of about 15 cm, and dig 30cm drainage ditches on both sides.
Whole border planting, row spacing 1.3m, plant spacing 1m, digging depth of 40-50cm, hole diameter of 50-60cm. Dig deep soil, apply proper amount of manure and cake fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then cover the soil for 5 ~ 10 cm. Then plant the seedlings in the hole, straighten and stretch the surrounding roots, cover them with dry, loose and broken soil, and step on them with your feet when they are halfway filled. Compacted again after filling, and the planting depth is slightly deeper than the original soil trace. Don't rake the hole surface flat, leave a shallow pit to store water, and finally pour the root water thoroughly and cover it with a thin layer of fine soil.
Planting should be carried out between the germination of new buds in early spring and March, and seedlings should be transplanted with soil, which should not be too late, otherwise it is not easy to survive. If transplanted after defoliation and before germination in the next spring, the seedlings can be dug bare, but the length of lateral roots should not be less than 20cm, otherwise it is not easy to survive.
Tiantuan management
Always loosen the soil and weed to keep the garden free of weeds.
Topdressing rose is a fertilizer-loving plant. Every spring, when the buds just germinate, water around the rhizosphere with thin human and animal feces, and be careful not to pollute the stems and leaves. After defoliation in autumn, a circular ditch is opened around the plants for fertilization, and 25 kilograms of compost or manure and 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are applied to each plant. This can not only increase soil fertility, but also prevent cold.
Prune from mid-June to May, 438+February, and cut off transverse branches, dead branches, old branches and branches with diseases and pests. In addition, after the first batch of flowers open, strong axillary buds should be selected above the base of the flower branch 10 ~ 20 cm or at the full branch, and then cut off. This can enhance the vitality of trees, produce more new branches and increase the number of buds in the coming year.
Eliminate pests and diseases
Powdery mildew usually occurs in summer with high temperature and humidity. After the pathogen infects leaves, stems and flower stalks, the early symptoms are that the young leaves are twisted into light gray and grow a layer of white powder, which is conidia. In severe cases, there are few flowers or even no flowers, and the leaves wither and die. Prevention and control methods: ① spray Bomei 0.3 ~ 0.5 degree sulfur mixture or 50% wettable thiophanate 1000 times solution; ② Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer; (3) After picking new leaves, spray 1: 1: 100 bordeaux solution, once a week 1 time, 2-3 times in a row. It needs to be sprayed several times in early autumn.
From July to the first ten days of August, the nymph climbs up the main vein or both sides of the main vein, the tender tip and the base of the petiole and fixes it, which harms the plant. Control methods: ① Spraying 800 ~ 1000 times of 25% phoxim emulsion or 1500 times of 40% omethoate emulsion in the incubation period; (2) Protecting and utilizing natural enemies, mainly ladybug and ladybug; (3) Spraying lime-sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 3 ~ 5 from defoliation period in June 5438+February to germination period in early February.
Aphids and red spiders can be controlled by conventional methods.
Harvest processing
Medicinal roses should be picked when they are in bud, dried in a cool, ventilated and dry place or hung on a bamboo curtain with a small fire, and should not be exposed to the sun.
When aromatic oil is extracted or used in food, wine making and smoked tea, it should be picked when the flowers are first blooming and just exposed, and processed according to different uses.