Application of modern surveying technology in 1 water conservancy project construction
At present, a large number of measuring instruments are comprehensive display products of modern high-tech and digital concepts, among which "3S" technology is the most typical application. "3S" is the general name of Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). Modern surveying technology has been applied to various stages of large-scale water conservancy projects in China, such as the Three Gorges Project and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. In addition to using total station for construction lofting and earthwork acceptance, digital level is also used for slope measurement and excavation depth, and GPS technology is used to establish construction control network, GPS-RTK real-time mapping and engineering lofting, 3D near-earth laser image scanning and other advanced technologies. In the completion stage of water conservancy project, modern surveying technology can quickly obtain information such as engineering charts and test documents, and realize full digital management. For example, use GPS and DPS technology to draw the completion map of water conservancy projects, and then enter the networked, three-dimensional visual GIS management system according to the requirements of digital engineering to prepare searchable data for the inspection and evaluation of water conservancy projects and the safe operation and maintenance in the future. In addition, after the completion of water conservancy projects, it is necessary to continuously and strictly monitor the safety of large bridges and dams, and modern measurement technology can provide real-time and continuous digital monitoring information. For example, in the process of monitoring a bridge or dam with a three-dimensional laser image scanner, millions of monitoring scanning data of the monitoring body can be analyzed in a few seconds, so that surveyors can grasp the deformation of the bridge or dam at any time.
2 common problems in water conservancy engineering survey
2. 1 There is a gap in the concept of engineering survey.
The progress and changes of the times have promoted the development of science and technology, and the measurement technology of water conservancy projects has entered a new stage. However, in some water conservancy construction enterprises, the traditional engineering survey concept is still deeply rooted, and the survey technical ability is still stagnant, which can no longer meet the needs of modern water conservancy construction level, and there are many drawbacks, which are seriously out of touch with the scientific and technological progress in the new era. This is mainly manifested in the lag of engineering survey management, and the surveyors are often transferred or lost. When working in hard conditions, in the field or for a long time, the measurement resources are not in place or the measuring instruments are insufficient, so it is difficult to arrange the work as planned due to the lack of professional surveyors, which eventually leads to the delay or forced interruption of the construction period.
2.2 measurement technology is backward
In the process of water conservancy project construction in the new period, backward surveying technology and outdated surveying equipment can no longer meet the needs of high-demand and difficult project construction, and modern surveying and mapping technology has gradually replaced the traditional surveying and mapping mode. Using this traditional measurement technology can not only improve the efficiency of engineering survey, but also ensure the accuracy of measurement results, which will only affect the construction quality of water conservancy projects.
2.3 low professional quality of surveyors
In the measurement process of hydraulic engineering, many of them are precision measuring equipment, which requires operators to master the performance, usage and storage form of the equipment skillfully. However, the actual situation is that some surveyors are not accurate and familiar with the operation method of the instrument, the professional measurement technology is not exquisite, the operation is not standardized, and the measurement data is stored in confusion, which leads to the error or inaccuracy of the measurement data and even damages the measuring instrument, which has an impact on the later construction.
2.4 adverse to the quality supervision of measurement data
In the stage of completion and acceptance of water conservancy projects, many construction units only pay attention to the inspection of the main quality, installation quality and decoration quality of the projects, while ignoring the inspection of the surveying and mapping quality of water conservancy projects, let alone monitoring the engineering surveying behavior during the construction process. This behavior also misled the decision-makers of water conservancy engineering units to some extent, making them think that the surveying work of water conservancy engineering construction is not important, which led to resistance when introducing and using new engineering surveying technology and equipment in the future.
3. Measures to improve the metering capacity of water conservancy projects
3. 1 Improve the concept of engineering survey and strengthen survey management.
Increasing human resources of surveying and mapping, strengthening equipment management and improving surveying technical ability are the keys for enterprises to improve the concept of engineering surveying. At present, in the field of water conservancy engineering surveying, the application of new technologies and new products has greatly eased the demand for human resources by surveying teams, but the quality requirements for surveying personnel have also improved accordingly. Therefore, enterprises should optimize and integrate the survey team, make full use of human resources, and build a survey team with excellent technology and meticulous work attitude; In the process of water conservancy engineering survey, most of the measuring equipment belongs to precision instruments, with high technology content and high precision. Therefore, enterprises should strengthen the management and proper maintenance of these instruments, and carefully test the accuracy of the instruments before the measurement operation to ensure the measurement accuracy.
3.2 Update measuring instruments in time and master their operation technology.
Update the existing measuring instruments in time, select advanced instruments and equipment and master their operation methods to continuously improve the measuring accuracy. Enterprises should gradually promote the application of dynamic and static GPS, satellite remote sensing images, digital mapping, integrated data acquisition and processing and other advanced equipment, hire professional surveying experts, increase investment in scientific research, and develop and produce technical products with high scientific and technological content, strong adaptability, intelligence and networking in combination with the actual situation of surveying application in water conservancy projects to ensure the quality of water conservancy projects.
3.3 Do a good job in the training of surveyors.
Enterprises should do a good job in technical training of surveyors, improve their professional technical ability, reduce the probability of artificial measurement errors and improve the construction quality of water conservancy projects. Enterprises should pay attention to training a group of measurement technology leaders, create certain conditions for them, give full play to their role, and at the same time strengthen technical training for existing ordinary surveyors. In the actual process of water conservancy engineering survey, high-skilled surveyors should pay attention to the technical guidance for ordinary people, so that they can quickly improve their professional technical ability, master the application ability of new products and technologies in time, and form a group of engineering survey teams with excellent technology and strong professionalism for enterprises.
3.4 Strengthen the control of engineering survey process and results.
Water conservancy project construction supervision units and quality managers of construction units should adhere to the basic principle of "pre-control" and monitor the process behavior and measurement results of construction survey. For important construction survey setting-out, different methods should be adopted to carry out retest and check the survey results, so as to ensure the accuracy of the survey results of water conservancy projects and the overall construction quality of the project, indirectly improve the professional level of engineering surveyors and increase the practical operation experience of water conservancy project survey.
4 conclusion
In the process of water conservancy project construction, engineering survey is the basis and key link to guide the project construction, and the accuracy of its survey results has an important impact on the overall construction quality of water conservancy projects. As surveyors of water conservancy projects, they should not only constantly improve their professional technical ability, but also have a certain sense of responsibility to ensure the accuracy of engineering survey results and make contributions to the overall construction quality and healthy development of water conservancy projects.
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