Tribal common sense in public examination 1. Do you know 30 pieces of historical knowledge that civil servants need to know in the exam?
1. It is known that the oldest hominid living in China is Yuanmou ape-man. An ancient human tooth fossil found in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, China, has been scientifically identified for more than 700,000 years.
About 700,000-200,000 years ago, "Beijingers" (hereinafter referred to as "Beijingers") lived in the Gulong Cave in Zhoukoudian, Beijing.
People in Beijing already know how to use natural fire. For the first time, mankind has gained the ability to dominate the forces of nature.
About 18000 years ago, there were still a group of ancient humans called "Neanderthals" living in Gulong, Zhoukoudian, Beijing. They already have obvious physical characteristics of the yellow race.
Neanderthals not only made artificial fires, but also made the first bone needle in the history of sewing technology in China. The spicule is about as thick as a matchstick and 82 mm long.
6. Six or seven thousand years ago, ancient painted pottery culture and black pottery culture appeared in China.
7. The painted pottery of Anbanpo culture in Xi 'an, Shaanxi is very beautiful. The decorative patterns on the surface net basin are the crystallization of original art, original words and original art.
8. The black pottery of Longshan culture in Shandong is black and bright, with the same luster as metal utensils.
9. Hemudu culture in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Basin is as old as Banpo culture in the Yellow River Basin. 7000 years ago, people there built houses with large wooden components.
About 4000 years ago, there were some tribal wars. The Yellow Emperor was the leader of one of the tribes, because he was popular, smart and brave, and won the final victory.
1 1. In the process of the gradual formation of the ancient Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor played an important role. The Yellow Emperor was revered by later generations as the "humanistic ancestor" of the Chinese nation (the predecessor of the Chinese nation). Simuwu Dafang Ding
12 After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding figures appeared in the Chinese nation: Yao, Shun and Yu. Yaochan is located in Shun, and Shunchan is located in Yu.
13 years, Yao Shunyu era, flooding. Dayu was ordered to control water and finally conquered the flood.
14. Later, Yu's son Qi succeeded to the throne and established the first slavery dynasty Xia Dynasty (about BC17th century BC, 22nd century BC).
15. According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, so people called the ancient traditional calendar in China Li Xia.
16, the summer calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, also called the lunar calendar. Because there are solar terms changes and farming arrangements in the calendar, it is also called the lunar calendar.
17, the last ruler of Xia Dynasty was unruly and tyrannical. Under the leadership of the Tang Dynasty, the Shang tribes in the East became powerful and defeated the Shang Dynasty established in the Xia Dynasty (about 65438 BC+early 7th century-BC 1 1 century).
18, the great development of bronze ware manufacturing industry in Shang Dynasty. The Simuwu Dafang Ding made in the late Shang Dynasty, weighing 875 kilograms, is by far the largest unearthed bronze ware in the world.
19, Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is an ancient writing carved on tortoise shell and beast bones, which is quite mature. Among the 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yin Ruins, the total number of words reached 6.5438+0.6 million, including 4,600 words, and 6.5438+0.6 million words have been recognized.
20. At the end of Shang Dynasty, there was a tribe named Zhou on the Loess Plateau. When he arrived in Zhou Wenwang, Zhou became the new leader of the governors in the western regions.
Zhou Wang, the last ruler of Shang Dynasty, was an alcoholic. Now, Zhou and other tribes joined forces to crusade against the Shang Dynasty. After the Battle of Makino, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown and the Zhou Dynasty was established (about 65438 BC+065438 BC+256 BC).
22. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, 7 1 small countries including Lu, Qi, Wei, Jin, Song and Yan were enfeoffed. The monarchs of these small countries are called princes.
23. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there were many large-scale music and dances in the Central Plains, which lasted 180 years. When offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, Daxia dance is used to show Dayu's water control, and Dawu dance is used to commemorate the achievements of King Wu.
24. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to the East, which was called the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history. It is divided into two periods: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
25. During the Spring and Autumn Period, more than 100 vassal states competed with each other, and the winner was the king, resulting in the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period", commonly known as Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Song Xianggong and Chu Zhuangwang.
26. In 606 BC, Chu Zhuangwang "won the titles of big and small". Ding is a symbol of kingship. It is said that Dayu cast Jiuding, representing Kyushu. Chu Zhuangwang won the championship, which shows that he has the ambition to become the son of heaven.
27. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was hostile to each other. First, the prince of Wu died of injury. His son, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, is determined to take revenge and reminds him loudly every day: "Fu Cha, have you forgotten the revenge of killing your father?" Later, Wu defeated Yue under the leadership of Fu Cha.
28. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was determined to take revenge. He asks himself loudly every day: "Gou Jian, have you forgotten the shame of national subjugation?" After ten years of reunion, the State of Yue defeated the State of Wu, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, committed suicide.
About 2,500 years ago, China produced a great thinker-Laozi. Laozi is the founder of Taoist school.
30. The Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, wrote that misfortune sometimes becomes the cause of happiness, and sometimes misfortune is hidden in happiness. Therefore, we should pay attention to "extremes meet", as well as "Tao" and "virtue"
2. Civil servant exam history knowledge, thank you.
In the civil service examination, candidates need to accumulate certain historical knowledge in the examination of basic knowledge of public affairs.
Historical knowledge before the Qin Dynasty is presented to you: 1. The oldest known hominid in China is Yuanmou ape-man. An ancient human tooth fossil found in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, China, has been scientifically identified for more than 700,000 years.
About 700,000-200,000 years ago, "Beijingers" (hereinafter referred to as "Beijingers") lived in the Gulong Cave in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. People in Beijing already know how to use natural fire.
For the first time, mankind has gained the ability to dominate the forces of nature. About 18000 years ago, there were still a group of ancient humans called "Neanderthals" living in Gulong, Zhoukoudian, Beijing.
They already have obvious physical characteristics of the yellow race. Neanderthals not only made artificial fires, but also made the first bone needle in the history of sewing technology in China. The spicule is about as thick as a matchstick and 82 mm long.
6. Six or seven thousand years ago, ancient painted pottery culture and black pottery culture appeared in China. 7. The painted pottery of Anbanpo culture in Xi 'an, Shaanxi is very beautiful.
The decorative patterns on the surface net basin are the crystallization of primitive art, primitive characters and primitive art. The black pottery of Longshan culture in Shandong Province is black and bright, with the same luster as metal utensils.
9. Hemudu culture in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Basin is as old as Banpo culture in the Yellow River Basin. 7000 years ago, people there built houses with large wooden components. About 4000 years ago, there were some tribal wars.
The Yellow Emperor was the leader of one of the tribes, because he was popular, smart and brave, and won the final victory. 1 1. In the process of the gradual formation of the ancient Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor played an important role. The Yellow Emperor was revered by later generations as the "humanistic ancestor" of the Chinese nation (the predecessor of the Chinese nation).
12 After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding figures appeared in the Chinese nation: Yao, Shun and Yu. Yaochan is located in Shun, and Shunchan is located in Yu.
13 years, Yao Shunyu era, flooding. Dayu was ordered to control water and finally conquered the flood.
14. Later, Yu's son Qi succeeded to the throne and established the first slavery dynasty Xia Dynasty (about BC17th century BC, 22nd century BC). 15. According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, so people called the ancient traditional calendar in China Li Xia.
16, the summer calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, also called the lunar calendar. Because there are solar terms changes and farming arrangements in the calendar, it is also called the lunar calendar.
17, the last ruler of Xia Dynasty was unruly and tyrannical. Under the leadership of the Tang Dynasty, the Shang tribes in the East became powerful and defeated the Shang Dynasty established in the Xia Dynasty (about 65438 BC+early 7th century-BC 1 1 century).
18, the great development of bronze ware manufacturing industry in Shang Dynasty. The Simuwu Dafang Ding made in the late Shang Dynasty, weighing 875 kilograms, is by far the largest unearthed bronze ware in the world.
(right) 19. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is an ancient writing carved on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts, which is quite mature. Among the 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yin Ruins, the total number of words reached 6.5438+0.6 million, including 4,600 words, and 6.5438+0.6 million words have been recognized.
20. At the end of Shang Dynasty, there was a tribe named Zhou on the Loess Plateau. When he arrived in Zhou Wenwang, Zhou became the new leader of the governors in the western regions.
Zhou Wang, the last ruler of Shang Dynasty, was an alcoholic. Now, Zhou and other tribes joined forces to crusade against the Shang Dynasty. After the Battle of Makino, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown and the Zhou Dynasty was established (about 65438 BC+065438 BC+256 BC).
22. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, 7 1 small countries including Lu, Qi, Wei, Jin, Song and Yan were enfeoffed. The monarchs of these small countries are called princes.
23. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there were many large-scale music and dances in the Central Plains, which lasted 180 years. When offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, Daxia dance is used to show Dayu's water control, and Dawu dance is used to commemorate the achievements of King Wu.
24. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to the East, which was called the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history. It is divided into two periods: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
25. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were more than 100 vassal states competing with each other, and the winner was king, resulting in the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period", commonly known as Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Song Xianggong and Chu Zhuangwang. 26. In 606 BC, Chu Zhuangwang "won the titles of big and small".
Ding is a symbol of kingship. It is said that Dayu cast Jiuding, representing Kyushu. Chu Zhuangwang won the championship, which shows that he has the ambition to become the son of heaven.
27. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was hostile to each other. First, the prince of Wu died of injury.
His son, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, is determined to take revenge and reminds him loudly every day: "Fu Cha, have you forgotten the revenge of killing your father?" Later, Wu defeated Yue under the leadership of Fu Cha. 28. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was determined to take revenge.
He asks himself loudly every day: "Gou Jian, have you forgotten the shame of national subjugation?" After ten years of reunion, the State of Yue defeated the State of Wu, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, committed suicide. About 2,500 years ago, China produced a great thinker-Laozi.
Laozi is the founder of Taoist school. (right) 30. Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, wrote that misfortune sometimes becomes the cause of happiness, and sometimes misfortune is hidden in happiness.
Therefore, we should pay attention to "extremes meet", as well as "Tao" and "virtue" 3 1, living in 55 1 year BC-Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the first 479 years and the founder of Confucianism.
32. Confucius first established private schools in China. He has 3000 disciples and 72 saints. 33. Confucius made immortal contributions to the development of ancient culture in China. He compiled and edited six classics, such as Yi, Shi, Li, Yue, Shangshu and Chunqiu.
Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in the north of the capital of Lu (now Kong Lin in Qufu, Shandong). The former residence of Confucius was later converted into a "Confucius Temple".
35. Confucius' students recalled Confucius' daily teachings and life behaviors, and compiled a recorded book called The Analects, which became a Confucian classic and had a great influence on later generations. 36. Sun Wu was an outstanding strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
There are 13 famous art books handed down from ancient times. Sun Tzu's art of war put forward many famous principles of war, such as "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle", "take the enemy by surprise" and "the enemy is unpredictable, and the water is unpredictable".