Fire prevention requirements on construction site
1, establish a fire prevention system.
(1) The fire safety system shall be established and improved on the construction site.
(2) Establish a voluntary fire brigade, the number of which is not less than 10% of the total number of construction workers.
(3) Establish an examination and approval system for the use of open flames on site.
2, the construction site hot approval procedures
(1) For first-class hot work, the project leader shall organize the preparation of the fire safety technical scheme, fill in the hot work application form, and report it to the enterprise safety management department for approval before hot work, such as steel structure installation and welding. Primary hot work:
1) is in the no-fire area.
2) Oil tanks, oil tanks, tank cars, containers that have stored flammable gases and flammable liquids and their ancillary equipment.
3) Various pressure-bearing equipment.
4) High-risk welding and cutting operations.
5) Relatively sealed indoor, container, basement and other places.
6) Places where a large number of flammable and combustible substances are piled up on site.
(2) For the second-level hot work, the project responsible engineer shall organize the formulation of fire safety technical measures, fill in the hot work application form, and report it to the project safety management department and the project leader for approval before hot work can be carried out. Secondary hot work:
1) Carry out temporary welding, cutting and other hot work in non-fire forbidden areas with certain risk factors.
2) Small oil tanks and other containers.
3) Climbing welding, cutting and other operations with fire.
(3) For the third-level hot work, the team shall fill in the hot work application form, and the hot work can be started only after it is approved by the project responsible engineer and the project safety management department. Three-level hot work:
Work with fire in places that are not fixed and have no obvious risk factors.
(4) The hot work permit is valid on the same day. If the hot work location changes, the hot work approval formalities shall be handled again.
3, the construction site fire prevention requirements
(1) The construction scheme and construction scheme in the construction organization design shall comply with the relevant regulations and requirements of fire safety.
(2) The construction site should be clearly divided into construction operation area, flammable and combustible material yard, material warehouse, flammable waste centralized station and living area.
(3) At night, the construction site should be equipped with lighting facilities to keep the vehicles unblocked, and someone should be on duty to patrol.
(4) Temporary buildings or combustible materials shall not be built under high-voltage lines.
(5) The construction site shall be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, which shall be maintained and managed by special personnel and updated regularly to ensure effective use.
(6) During civil construction, fire-fighting equipment and facilities should be provided first, and outdoor fire hoses and fire hydrants should be laid at the same time.
(7) The stacking distance between dangerous goods shall not be less than 10m, and the stacking distance between dangerous goods and inflammable and explosive goods shall not be less than 30m.
(8) The storage distance between acetylene cylinder and oxygen cylinder shall not be less than 2m, and the distance when using shall not be less than 5m; The distance from the fire source should not be less than 10m.
(9) Safety accessories on welding and cutting equipment such as oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders shall be complete and effective, otherwise they shall not be used.
(10) The welding and cutting operations on the construction site must meet the requirements of safety and fire prevention.
(1 1) When heat preservation and heating measures are taken in winter construction, there should be corresponding schemes and meet the requirements of relevant specifications.
(12) When hot work is carried out on the construction site, the hot work approval system must be implemented.
Fire control management in construction site
The fire control management on the construction site shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the state and the rules and regulations of the local government on fire control safety on the construction site. The construction site must set up a fire safety leading organization, establish and improve various fire safety responsibilities, and implement fire safety responsibilities, including fire safety system, fire safety operating rules, fire emergency plans and drills, fire control organization, fire control facilities layout, and voluntary fire brigade organization.
1, fire management during construction
The construction organization design shall include the fire safety plan and the layout of fire control facilities, and shall be submitted to the public security supervision institution for approval or filing in accordance with relevant regulations.
(1) The electrical equipment used in the construction site must meet the fire protection requirements. Temporary electrical equipment must be equipped with overload protection device, and inflammable and explosive articles are not allowed in the switch box. It is forbidden to overload the use of electrical equipment. Warehouses, carpentry workshops, paint batching rooms and waterproof workplaces where flammable and combustible materials are stored on the construction site shall not use high-heat and high-intensity light sources.
(2) When electric welders and gas welders are engaged in electrical equipment installation and electric and gas welding cutting operations, they should have operation certificates and hot work certificates, and be equipped with fire watchers and fire extinguishing appliances. Before hot work, the surrounding flammable and combustible substances should be removed, and measures such as isolation should be taken when necessary. After work, they must make sure there is no potential fire source before leaving. The hot work permit is valid on the same day and issued according to regulations. If the location of hot work changes, the hot work permit formalities shall be handled again.
(3) The working distance between oxygen bottle and acetylene bottle shall not be less than 5m, and the working distance between two bottles and open flame shall not be less than 10m. It is forbidden to store oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders in construction projects, and it is forbidden to use liquefied petroleum gas cylinders.
(4) When engaging in dangerous operations such as painting or waterproof construction, there should be specific fire prevention requirements and measures, and special personnel should be assigned to take care of them when necessary.
(5) Smoking is strictly prohibited on the construction site. No dormitory shall be set up in construction projects.
(6) The big eye safety net, dense mesh safety net, dense mesh dustproof net and thermal insulation materials used in the construction site must comply with the fire safety regulations, and flammable and combustible materials shall not be used. When using, the security department of the construction enterprise must strictly examine and verify, and any materials that do not meet the requirements shall not enter the construction site for use.
(7) The Project Department shall establish corresponding fire control organizations according to the project scale and the number of construction personnel, and provide enough volunteer firefighters.
(8) The hot work on the construction site must implement the hot work examination and approval system.
2, equipped with fire equipment
(1) Two 10L fire extinguishers are provided for every 100㎡ in the temporary building area.
(2) When the total area of large temporary facilities exceeds 1200m2, Taiping bucket and water storage bucket dedicated to fire fighting shall be equipped.
Flammable articles shall not be piled up around (pool) and Huangshachi.
(3) Temporary carpentry room, painting room and woodworking machine room shall be equipped with a fire extinguisher every 25m2. Oil depots and dangerous goods depots should be equipped with fire extinguishers and high-pressure pumps with matching quantity and model.
(4) There should be enough fire water sources, and there are generally no less than two water inlets.
(5) Outdoor fire hydrants should be set along the edge of the traffic road in the fire lane or parking lot, and the distance between fire hydrants should not be greater than120m; The length of fire hose in the fire box should not be less than 25m.
3, fire extinguisher setting requirements
(1) Fire extinguishers should be set in obvious positions such as room entrance, passage, corridor, hall and stairs.
(2) The nameplate of the fire extinguisher must face outwards, so that people can directly see the main performance indicators and usage methods of the fire extinguisher.
(3) Portable fire extinguishers should be installed on hooks, brackets or fire boxes, with the top height from the ground less than 1.5m and the bottom height from the ground not less than 0. 15m. The purpose of this requirement is:
1) is convenient for people to keep and maintain fire extinguishers;
2) Facilitate the safety of firefighters and facilitate access;
3) Prevent the wet ground from affecting the performance of the fire extinguisher, so as to facilitate the usual sanitation and cleaning.
(4) Portable fire extinguishers installed on hooks, brackets or fire boxes should be placed vertically in front.
(5) For places with dry environment and good conditions, portable fire extinguishers can be directly placed on the ground.
(6) Portable fire extinguishers installed in the fire box can be placed directly on the bottom of the fire box, but the height of the fire box from the ground should not be less than 0. 15m.
(7) The fire extinguisher shall not be placed where the ambient temperature exceeds its service temperature range.
(8) If the fire extinguisher reaches the retirement age from the factory date, it must be forcibly scrapped.
4 Fire prevention requirements for key parts
(1) Fire protection requirements for warehouses storing flammable materials
(1) The flammable material warehouse should be located in a place with sufficient water and where fire engines can drive, and should be located in the downwind direction.
(2) Around the open-air warehouse of flammable materials, there should be a flat clearing with a width of not less than 6m as a fire escape, and it is forbidden to pile up obstacles on the escape.
(3) There should be more than two gates for the flammable materials warehouse with large storage capacity, and the living quarters, living auxiliary areas and storage sites should be arranged separately.
(4) There should be at least 30m fire-proof spacing between the production auxiliary area and the living room with open flames and flammable materials. Chimneys with Fei Huo should be arranged in the downwind area of the warehouse.
(5) The fire prevention distance between the flammable material warehouse and other buildings, railways, roads and overhead wires shall be implemented according to the relevant provisions of the current Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB500 16-20 14).
(6) For warehouses that are prone to fire, firewalls should be set up in sections for every 500m2 area inside and outside the warehouse, and the building plane should be divided into several fire prevention units.
(7) The single building area of combustible materials warehouse shall not exceed 30m2, and the single building area of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods warehouse shall not exceed 20m2. The distance from any indoor point to the nearest evacuation door should not be greater than 10m, and the clear width of the door should not be less than 0.8m
(8) Check the fire safety of stored flammable materials regularly and keep good ventilation.
(9) When hoisting in warehouse or stockyard, its mechanical equipment must meet the requirements of fire prevention to prevent sparks and fires.
(10) Vehicles loaded with dangerous chemicals must be cleaned before transporting flammable and combustible materials.
(1 1) Cables in warehouses or yards should generally be laid underground; If it is difficult to erect overhead power lines, the minimum horizontal distance between overhead power lines and open-air flammable materials shall not be less than 1.5 times the pole height.
(12) The distance between the lighting lamps used in the warehouse or the stacking place and the flammable materials should be at least1m..
(13) The installed switch box and junction box shall be not less than 1.5m away from the outer edge of the chimney, and temporary electrical lines shall not be pulled randomly.
(14) It is forbidden to use iodine tungsten lamp in warehouses or stockyards in case of fire caused by iodine tungsten lamp.
(15) Electrical equipment in warehouses or yards shall be inspected, maintained and managed regularly, and inspection records shall be made. A warehouse storing a large amount of flammable materials should be equipped with an independent lightning protection device.
(2) Fire prevention requirements for electric and gas welding workplaces
(1) The distance between the welding and cutting operation point and dangerous goods such as oxygen bottles and acetylene bottles shall not be less than 10m, and the distance between the welding and cutting operation point and inflammable and explosive articles shall not be less than 30m.
(2) The storage distance between acetylene cylinder and oxygen cylinder shall not be less than 2m, and it shall not be less than 5m when used.
(3) Oxygen cylinders, acetylene cylinders and other safety accessories on welding and cutting equipment shall be complete and effective, otherwise it is strictly prohibited.
(4) The welding and cutting operations on the construction site must meet the requirements of fire prevention, and the "ten no-burning" regulations shall be strictly implemented.
1) Welders must hold relevant certificates, and welding and cutting operations are not allowed without certificates;
2) Welding and cutting operations within the scope of Grade I, II and III hot work shall not be carried out without going through the hot work examination and approval procedures;
3) Welders are not familiar with the situation around the welding and cutting site, and welding and cutting operations are not allowed;
4) When the welder does not know whether there are inflammable and explosive articles in the weldment, welding and cutting operations are not allowed;
5) All containers containing flammable gases, flammable liquids and toxic substances are not allowed to be welded or cut without thorough cleaning or hazard elimination;
6) In places where flammable materials are used for heat preservation, cooling, sound insulation and heat insulation, or where sparks can splash, welding and cutting operations are not allowed before practical and reliable safety measures are taken;
7) It is not allowed to weld or cut compressed or sealed pipes and containers;
8) There are inflammable and explosive articles near the welding and cutting parts. Welding and cutting operations shall not be carried out before cleaning or taking effective safety protection measures;
9) When there is a type of work that conflicts with open flame operation nearby, welding and cutting operations are not allowed;
10) It is not allowed to weld or cut the parts connected with other units before finding out whether there is danger or knowing that there is danger and taking effective measures.
(3) Fire protection requirements between paint warehouse and seasoning.
(1) The paint warehouse and the seasoning room should be set separately, and a certain fire-proof distance should be kept from the place where sparks are emitted.
(2) Varieties with conflicting properties and different fire extinguishing methods should be stored separately.
(3) The storage and management of paint and thinner shall conform to the requirements of the Warehouse Fire Safety Management Rules.
(4) adjustment