Visual disability includes blindness and low vision.

1, blind

First-degree blindness: the best corrected visual acuity of a good eye is less than 0.02, or the visual field radius is less than 5 degrees.

Secondary blindness: the best corrected visual acuity of a good eye is equal to or better than 0.02, but less than 0.05 or the visual field radius is less than 10 degree.

2. Poor eyesight

First-class low vision: the best corrected vision of good eyes is equal to or better than 0.05, but lower than 0. 1.

Secondary low vision: the best corrected vision of good eyes is equal to or better than 0. 1, but lower than 0.3.

Second, hearing and language barriers.

Hearing and language disorders include:

A. complete loss of hearing and language function (i.e. deaf-mute);

B. Hearing loss, ability to speak or unclear pronunciation (deaf but not dumb);

C simple language barriers, including aphasia, sharp voice, slurred speech or severe stuttering.

Hearing disability can be divided into deafness and hard of hearing (table 1-2).

1. Deafness First degree deafness: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than or equal to 9 1 dB (dB, hearing level, the same below).

Secondary deafness: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 7 1 db, equal to or less than 90 db.

2. Hard of hearing and hard of hearing: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 56 decibels, equal to or equal to 70 decibels.

Secondary hard of hearing: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 4 1 db, equal to or less than 55 db.

3. Simple language disability is not graded.

Degree of hearing loss at category level

First-degree deafness ≥9 1dB

Secondary deafness 90-7 1dB

Hard of hearing 1 level hard of hearing 70-56dB

Secondary hard of hearing 55-4 1dB

Three. Intellectual disability

In order to compare with international data, according to the classification standards of mental disability of the World Health Organization and the American Association for Mental Retardation, the mental disability grades were classified according to intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptive behavior.

The IQ of the first-degree mental disability (extremely severe) is below 20 or 25, the adaptive behavior is extremely poor, the face is obviously dull, and it needs the care of others for life, and the sensory function is extremely poor. If trained, it only responds to the movements of lower limbs, hands and chin.

The IQ of secondary mental disability (severe) is between 20-35 or 25-40, and the adaptive behavior is poor. Even after training, life is difficult to take care of itself, and people still need to take care of it, with poor sports and language development and poor interpersonal skills.

Third-degree mental disability

(moderate) IQ is between 35-50 or 40-55, and the adaptive behavior and using skills are incomplete. For example, those who have the ability to take care of themselves can do simple housework and have preliminary knowledge of health and safety, but their reading and computing skills are poor, and their ability to distinguish the surrounding environment is poor, so they can only simply communicate with others.

Fourth-grade mental disability

(Mild) IQ is between 50-70 or 55-75, and the adaptive behavior is lower than that of the general population. They have considerable skills, such as taking care of themselves and undertaking ordinary housework or work, but they lack skills and creativity. Generally, they can adapt to society under guidance. After special education, they can acquire certain reading and computing skills, and have better ability to distinguish the surrounding environment and communicate with people properly.

Fourth, physical disability.

Physical disabilities include:

(1) amputation or congenital malformation of upper or lower limbs due to trauma or pathological changes;

(2) Deformity or dysfunction of upper limbs or lower limbs due to trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development;

③ Spinal deformity or dysfunction caused by trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development;

④ Trunk or limb dysfunction caused by trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development of central and peripheral nerves. Considering several kinds of disabilities in human motion system, the level of disabled parts and the degree of dysfunction, the limb disability level is divided mainly by dysfunction.

Level one?

a.？ Quadriplegia, paraplegia of lower limbs, and lack of autonomous mobility of both hip joints; Hemiplegia, complete loss of unilateral limb function.

B amputation or congenital limb loss in different parts, amputation or limb loss in one arm (or leg) and two legs (or forearm), amputation or limb loss in two upper arms and one thigh (or leg), and amputation or limb loss in two arms (or legs).

C. Extremely severe dysfunction of both upper limbs and severe dysfunction of three limbs.

Level two?

A. Hemiplegia or paraplegia of both lower limbs, and the residual limb only retains a little function.

B. Amputation or loss of both upper limbs (upper arm or forearm) or both thighs; Amputation or amputation of a single whole leg (or arm) and a single upper arm (or thigh); Three limbs were amputated or missing in different parts.

C. severe dysfunction of both limbs; Moderate dysfunction of three limbs.

Level three?

A. Amputation or amputation of both legs, and single limb amputation or amputation of forearm, thigh and its upper part.

B. severe dysfunction in one limb and moderate dysfunction in both limbs.

C. Both thumbs are accompanied by index finger (or middle finger) defect.

Level 4?

A. one-legged amputation or amputation.

B. severe dysfunction of one limb; Mild dysfunction of both limbs.

C. Stiffness of spine (including cervical vertebra); The hunchback deformity is greater than 70 degrees; Scoliosis is greater than 45 degrees.

D. the lower limbs are not equal in length, and the gap is more than 5 cm.

E. unilateral thumb with index finger (or middle finger) defect; Keep the thumb on one side and amputate or defect the other four fingers.

The following situations do not belong to the scope of physical disability:

(1) People who keep their thumb and forefinger (or middle finger) and lose the other three fingers.

(2) Retaining the heel and losing the front foot.

(3) Both lower limbs are unequal in length, and the difference is less than 5 cm.

(4) The hunchback is less than 70 degrees or the scoliosis is less than 45 degrees.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) mental disability

Mental disabilities include:

① Brain organic and somatic diseases with mental disorders;

② Toxic mental disorders, including drug and alcohol dependence;

③ Schizophrenia;

(4) Disability caused by emotion, paranoia, reactivity, split mood and periodic mental development disorder.

According to the score of 10 in the social disability screening form provided by the World Health Organization, the registration of mental disability is divided into:

Among the 10 questions in the first-level (extremely severe) screening form for social dysfunction, three or more questions were rated as "2 points".

Of the 10 questions in the second-grade (severe) screening form for social dysfunction, 2 were rated as "2 points".

Of the 10 questions in the three-level (moderate) screening form for social dysfunction, only 1 was rated as "2 points".

Of the 65,438+00 questions in the four-level (mild) screening table for social dysfunction, two or more were rated as "65,438+0 points".

Extended data

disability pension/benefit

1, multi-channel, multi-level and multi-form to open up employment opportunities for the disabled, expand the scope of employment, provide employment opportunities, and guarantee the work rights and self-realization of the disabled;

2. Vigorously develop special education for the disabled and improve their cultural quality and self-reliance ability;

3. Carry out legislation, publicity and education to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the disabled and provide special protection, and call on the society to respect, care for and help the disabled;

4, the establishment of disabled people's life, work, education, cultural and recreational activities of facilities and equipment production;

5. Provide convenience for the disabled in all fields of social undertakings as much as possible, and so on.

Social welfare is an important part of social security. It is a social security policy, facilities and corresponding services provided by the state and society to ensure and maintain a certain quality of life of social members and meet their basic material and spiritual needs. Welfare for the disabled is an important part of social welfare.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Disabled