General treatment of sudden syncope:

1, if the patient appears pale or bluish-gray, he often yawns and sweats on his face, neck and hands, which are the precursors of cerebral hypoxia.

If someone complains that he/she is going to faint, he/she should be told to sit down, loosen the clothes and belts around his/her neck and waist, and let his/her head hang down to his/her knees.

3. If the patient has syncope, the patient's feet should be raised so that the feet are higher than the head to accelerate the blood circulation in the brain. Patients usually regain consciousness quickly, but they need to check whether their bodies or heads are injured when they fall.

The patient can't give food until he is fully awake, and he can only give some warm water first. Do not give patients irritating drinks such as spirits, because the ingredients in alcohol will slow down the function of patients' physical activities.

If the patient's speech after waking up is different from ordinary people and shows unusual behavior, he should be sent to hospital immediately.

Common family rescue methods for fainting:

1, angioneurotic syncope: more common in young women with weak constitution. Pain, mental stress, fear, anxiety, fatigue, sadness, anger and sultry climate and other reasons make patients' small blood vessels dilate, leading to blood pressure drop and cerebral ischemia. The patient had signs before fainting, such as feeling weak, stuffy, flustered and dizzy, and then suddenly fainted. For this kind of syncope patients, they should lie flat quickly and keep their heads low and their feet high to improve blood supply to the brain. And untie the patient's collar and belt to let him breathe smoothly.

2, hypoglycemia fainting: mostly caused by hunger and malnutrition, patients should lie down after fainting. If you are conscious, you can give brown sugar, water and food, and your condition will improve quickly in a short time. If hypoglycemia is serious and you are in a coma, you can wake up quickly as long as you inject a proper amount of hypertonic glucose.

3, cardiogenic syncope: due to abnormal cardiac function, cardiac output suddenly decreased. The onset of cardiogenic syncope is sudden, lasting for a long time, and the condition is more dangerous. We should race against time to try our best to grab education, or we will be in danger of death due to cardiac arrest. First aid should be boxing or chest compression. And quickly escort the patient to the hospital for emergency treatment.

4. Cerebral syncope and syncope caused by mental illness: it should be assisted by a specialist.

Second, what are the causes of syncope?

1, cardiogenic syncope

Syncope is due to the decrease of cardiac output or the suspension of blood output caused by disease, which leads to cerebral ischemia. Middle-aged and elderly people often suffer from different degrees of hypertension or coronary heart disease. If they are overworked or excited, or after more intense physical activity, myocardial hypoxia will induce coronary insufficiency, leading to temporary ischemia and syncope in the brain. Especially in angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, it is easier to cause syncope.

2. Cerebral syncope

When suffering from diseases such as hypertension, cerebral arteriosclerosis, nephritis, pregnancy poisoning, etc., blood pressure suddenly rises, cerebral vessels contract strongly, and spasm and brain edema lead to cerebral hypoxia and syncope. At this time, patients are often accompanied by convulsions and even temporary numbness or paralysis of limbs, which is called "hypertensive encephalopathy" in medicine. Elderly people with cerebral arteriosclerosis often faint due to head rotation if they have vertebrobasilar insufficiency or thrombosis.

3, postural hypotension syncope

Sudden changes in posture, such as sitting up from bed when lying flat, or standing up suddenly after squatting for a long time, are also prone to syncope. This is because the blood vessel tension and blood pressure are low when lying flat, and the blood supply to the brain can still be satisfied. However, when the posture changes suddenly, the vascular tension can't be adjusted in time. Coupled with the influence of gravity, the blood supply to the brain will be insufficient, and dizziness, dizziness and dizziness will occur.

4, angioneurotic syncope

Common in young women with poor physique. Emotional tension, sultry climate, local pain, fatigue, fear and hunger can all be induced. Because these incentives can reflexively cause the extensive expansion of small blood vessels in patients, reduce the amount of blood flowing back to the whole body, and correspondingly reduce the blood output of the heart, thus causing cerebral ischemia, hypoxia and syncope.

What are the symptoms of various syncope?

1, autonomic nerve symptoms are obvious.

Sudden pallor, cold sweat, nausea, epigastric discomfort, dilated pupils, fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus, yawning, blurred vision, etc. The body swings due to decreased muscle tension. This cycle lasts a few seconds. If the patient sits or lies down immediately, the symptoms will gradually subside, otherwise he will soon lose consciousness and enter the next period.

2, loss of consciousness and disappearance of systemic muscle tension and fall down.

The patient's pulse is weak, blood pressure often decreases, breathing becomes shallow, pupils dilate and light reflex disappears, tendon reflex disappears, limb ends become cold, and urinary incontinence may occur. After a few seconds to a few minutes, consciousness gradually recovered and entered the next stage. If the loss of consciousness lasts for tens of seconds, there may be small myoclonies on the face and limbs.

3, the patient gradually awake, still pale.

Sweaty and weak. There may be nausea and hyperventilation, but unconsciousness and headache. You can fully recover after a few minutes' rest. If you stand up quickly after waking up, you can faint again. There will be no neurological and physical sequelae after the onset.

Some attacks may not have premonitory discomfort, and when they occur, they lose consciousness and fall, which is easy to cause trauma. Precursor EEG showed that the frequency of brain waves slowed down and the amplitude increased. The syncope period is generally a slow activity of 2 ~ 3 Hz; Brain waves gradually become normal during the recovery period.

4. Hypotension syncope

Hypotension can be caused by reflex arc dysfunction in regulating blood pressure and heart rate, or by autonomic nerve disease or dysfunction, and syncope of the latter is only 1 symptom of the disease.

5. Reflex syncope

In recent years, it is also called neuromodulatory syncope. Including several types with similar pathogenesis. Also known as vasovagal syncope or simple syncope, it is the most common type in clinic. Men and women of any age can get sick.

4. What are the first-aid measures for various syncope?

1. Take the supine position, head down.

Quickly take the supine position, head down, untie the collar and belt, and keep the indoor air circulation and respiratory tract unobstructed.

2. Pressing or needling Renzhong point

Press or acupuncture Renzhong point. Renzhong point is located at the junction of upper 1/3 and lower 2/3 of the superior middle sulcus of nose and lower lip.

3. Give antihypertensive treatment.

Cerebral syncope was treated with depressurization and oxygen inhalation.

4. Prepare for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Cardiogenic syncope is common in patients with severe arrhythmia, and should be prepared for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After the syncope is relieved, it should be sent to the hospital for active treatment of primary heart disease.

5. Prevent postural syncope

When changing posture, the movement should be as gentle as possible to avoid transient cerebral ischemia and fainting. At the same time, it is necessary to educate children to exercise properly and enhance their physique. Improve tolerance to body position changes. When hypoglycemia occurs, patients can drink sugar water or inject glucose intravenously. Those who have a history of urination syncope should hold the wall with both hands when urinating to avoid falling.

6, untie the patient's collar and tight clothes

Immediately put the patient on his back or slightly lower his head; Raise the lower limb 15 minutes to increase the blood flow back to the heart; Untie the patient's collar and tight clothes; If you have dentures, take them out and give them hot tea, ginger juice or boiled water.

7. The patient's head leans back

If the patient vomits, he should tilt his head to one side to avoid suffocation or aspiration pneumonia caused by inhalation of vomit into trachea or lungs; If the patient's consciousness does not recover immediately, the patient's head should be tilted back and the jaw should be lifted to prevent the tongue from falling backwards and blocking the trachea; When the patient regains consciousness, he can slowly help the patient to his seat and then stand up slowly to avoid syncope caused by lifting the patient too fast. It usually takes at least 30 minutes to get the patient back on his feet.