Under the guidance of the goal of "peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality", with the rapid development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, hydrogen energy is emerging as a recognized low-carbon and zero-carbon energy source. There is a reason why the heat of hydrogen energy remains high. As a kind of clean energy, it has the characteristics of high proportion compression, large-scale storage and no energy attenuation.
It has a wide range of sources and applications, which can effectively reduce the proportion of fossil energy and improve the level of clean development. The development of hydrogen energy is an important carrier for building a "multi-energy complementary" energy supply system and an important boost for energy transformation and upgrading.
In many places, the development of hydrogen energy is regarded as the key development object to adjust the energy structure, and the heat continues to rise. In the Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Fully, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job of Carbon Neutralization in Peak Carbon Dioxide Emission, hydrogen energy was mentioned four times, with the focus on actively developing non-fossil energy, promoting the development of the whole chain of hydrogen energy production, storage and transmission, and building a new power system with new energy as the main body.
Hydrogen energy has the following characteristics:
1, the lightest weight: in the standard state, when the density is 0.0899g/L and the temperature is -252.7℃, it can become a liquid; If the pressure increases to several hundred atmospheres, liquid hydrogen can become metallic hydrogen.
2. The thermal conductivity is the best: it is 10 times higher than most gases.
3. Abundant reserves: estimated to constitute 75% of the mass of the universe. It is mainly stored in the form of compounds in water, which is the most widely distributed substance on the earth. It is estimated that if all the hydrogen in seawater is extracted, the total heat generated is 9000 times greater than that released by all fossil fuels on the earth.
4. Recovery: The only waste discharged by cars using hydrogen energy is water, so hydrogen can be decomposed and recovered again.
5. Ideal calorific value: except nuclear fuel, the calorific value of hydrogen is the highest among all fossil fuels, chemical fuels and biofuels, which is 14235 1kJ/kg, which is three times that of gasoline.
6. Good combustion performance: fast ignition, wide combustible range when mixed with air, high ignition point and fast combustion speed.
7. Environmental protection: Compared with other fuels, hydrogen is the cleanest to burn. Except water and a small amount of hydrogen nitride, it will not produce pollutants harmful to the environment, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, lead compounds and dust particles. A small amount of ammonia will not pollute the environment after proper treatment. Hydrogen can replace fossil fuels to minimize the greenhouse effect.
8. There are many forms of utilization: heat energy can be generated by combustion and mechanical work in a heat engine, and it can also be used as an energy material for fuel cells or converted into solid hydrogen as a structural material.
9. Various forms: it appears in the form of gaseous, liquid or solid metal hydride, which can meet the different requirements of storage and transportation and various application environments.
10, less loss: Long-distance high-pressure transportation can be cancelled, and long-distance pipeline can be used instead of hydrogen transportation, so that the safety is relatively improved and the invalid energy loss is reduced.
1 1, high utilization rate: hydrogen eliminates the noise source and energy pollution hidden danger of internal combustion engine, and has high utilization rate.
12. Convenient transportation: Hydrogen can reduce the self-weight of fuel, increase the effective load of vehicles and reduce the transportation cost. Considering the overall benefit, the total social benefit is superior to other energy sources.