Boiler course knowledge 1. Some basic knowledge of boiler

Common sense of boiler safety use

abstract

Boiler is a kind of heat energy equipment with high temperature and high pressure, and it is one of the special equipment. It is widely used in institutions, enterprises and all walks of life, and is a dangerous special equipment. Once an accident involving public safety occurs, it will cause great losses to the lives and property of the country and people. For the sake of public safety and the safety of people's lives and property, according to the regulations of the State Council on safety supervision of special equipment, the following matters should be paid attention to when using boilers:

Matters needing attention

1. The boiler shall be accompanied by "design documents, product quality certificates, safety and maintenance instructions, supervision and inspection certificates (safety performance supervision and inspection certificates) required by safety technical specifications" when leaving the factory. 2, boiler installation, maintenance and transformation. Units engaged in boiler installation, maintenance and transformation shall obtain the qualification certificate of special equipment installation and maintenance issued by the Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision before engaging in boiler installation, maintenance and transformation. Before construction, the construction unit will inform the special equipment safety supervision and management department of the municipality directly under the central government or its jurisdiction in writing about the installation, maintenance and transformation to be carried out, and send the commencement notice to the local county-level quality and technical supervision bureau for the record, and the construction can only be started after the notice. 3. Acceptance of boiler installation, maintenance and transformation. After the completion of construction, the construction unit shall report the boiler hydrostatic test and installation supervision and inspection to the Special Equipment Inspection Institute of the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. After passing the inspection, the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the State Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and the County Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision will participate in the overall acceptance. 4. Boiler registration. After the acceptance of the boiler, the user must fill in the boiler (general survey) registration form in accordance with the provisions of the Rules for the Registration and Use of Special Equipment, register with the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and apply for the registration certificate for the safe use of special equipment. 5, the operation of the boiler. Boiler operation must be operated by certified personnel who have been trained and obtained the certificate of special equipment operators, and the operating procedures, eight systems and six records must be strictly observed during use. Boiler inspection. The boiler shall be inspected regularly once a year, and the boiler without regular safety inspection shall not be used. The safety accessories of the boiler shall be inspected regularly once a year, and the pressure gauge shall be inspected once every six months. Safety accessories without regular inspection shall not be used. 7. It is forbidden to install atmospheric boilers as pressure boilers. It is forbidden to use boilers with three incomplete safety accessories: water level gauge, safety valve and pressure gauge.

2. Want to know the basic knowledge of boiler.

Talking about the selection of industrial boilers When purchasing boiler equipment, enterprises must be clear about their own needs and the products of boiler manufacturers in the market. The problems to be considered in boiler type selection are summarized as follows: 1. How much steam and hot water is needed for production or heating?

2, boiler steam parameters or hot water parameters. 3. Analysis of the relationship between steam boiler and hot water boiler.

4, the choice of industrial boiler furnace type. 5. The boiler burns coal.

6. Others such as overall size and load changes. (1) How to determine the capacity and quantity of boilers How to determine the capacity of boilers when purchasing boilers is an important issue.

Generally speaking, the output or capacity of the boiler should be determined according to the steam consumption or heating area in the production process and the heating required for domestic hot water. First of all, users should understand the total load range; The second is the peak situation, including the duration of peak load and the frequency of peak occurrence, that is, the periodicity of peak occurrence, such as the number of peaks per month, the difference between winter and summer in a week, a month and a year.

After finding out the total load demand and peak value, we can consider the choice of equipment capacity and quantity. When choosing, we should also consider the problem of emergency parking reserve.

Standby capacity generally refers to the standby boiler. This needs to be determined according to the importance of users themselves. If the continuity of production and use is highly required, the problem of standby equipment must be seriously considered.

Generally, the economic load of the boiler is above 75% of the rated load, so the actual load of the boiler in use should always be above 50% of the rated load of the unit itself, that is, the equipment provided by the manufacturer should be stable and efficient between 50%- 100% of the rated output. In the past, users sometimes bought too much surplus for safety reasons, which made the equipment run at low load for a long time, which was very uneconomical.

Generally, for a boiler room with a total capacity of 8 tons/hour or a thermal power greater than 6 MW, it is more appropriate to choose three sets of equipment capacity. Because winter and summer are different, you can buy equipment with different output.

But for the newly-built boiler room, it is more convenient and economical to choose the equipment with the same output from the aspects of operation, maintenance and management. Auxiliary equipment layout of boiler room can be arranged reasonably.

If the peak height and the difference between winter and summer are taken into account, you can also choose one large and one small equipment. According to the situation, it is necessary to build a new boiler room. Choose more than three equipments, but not too many. It is best to choose a device with a higher capacity than many devices.

Under the current domestic equipment quality, it is necessary to consider standby units. The reliability and utilization rate of foreign equipment are high, but they generally consider standby equipment because the initial investment cost is smaller than the future operation and maintenance cost.

In case of unexpected shutdown, put the spare equipment on it to ensure the use requirements. When foreign countries have higher requirements for equipment regulation ratio, they mainly focus on the selection of combustion equipment.

At present, there are not many kinds of combustion equipment in China, and there is not much room for choice in this respect. In foreign countries, it is suggested to use a heat accumulator or a regenerative boiler with large water capacity to bear the load in short peak hours.

In recent years, our country has also done a lot of work in heat storage, which really has energy-saving effect. The heat accumulator is a device consisting of a large heat storage container, an attached regulating valve and a management device, and it is a device for accumulating heat energy.

Most of the media stored and accumulated by the heat accumulator are water (there are also other media vapors, etc.). ). The high-temperature water stored in the heat accumulator can release steam at any time to meet the production needs.

It can make the boiler often run under efficient and stable load, so it is an energy-saving device. It can reduce the investment of industrial and mining enterprises in boiler equipment to a certain extent.

The steam consumption of many industrial and mining enterprises in China is uneven within 24 hours a day, with peaks and low loads. One-shift factory starts work at 8 am. After 9 o'clock, the steam load of each workshop increased rapidly, decreased slightly at noon 12, and reached the peak at about 1 in the afternoon. Around 4 o'clock, the load returned to low load and even caught fire.

The load situation of two-shift system and three-shift system is different. Therefore, the requirements for boiler operation are higher.

If the factory has high and low loads and great instantaneous changes, in order to maintain the stability of steam pressure and a certain boiler efficiency, it is necessary to have a perfect automatic combustion control device. After using the heat accumulator, the boiler can always run under rated load or economic load, which simplifies the operation.

When the thermal load of the factory reaches the peak, the heat accumulator can release steam, and when the thermal load is low, the excess steam generated by the boiler can be stored in the heat accumulator. Before choosing a heat accumulator, industrial and mining enterprises should count the steam load of their own departments and draw a load curve.

Analyze and study the methods of load distribution and steam consumption balance, and finally determine whether it is necessary to choose a heat accumulator. (2) How to determine the parameters of steam and hot water Users should determine the parameters of steam or hot water according to the use requirements.

Most of the boilers needed by industrial and mining enterprises in production are steam boilers. Steam is mostly used in the production that needs a certain temperature and heat to meet the requirements of production technology, such as textile printing and dyeing, food sugar making, rubber paper making, petrochemical industry and so on.

Therefore, the saturated steam parameters of the boiler should be determined according to the requirements of the production process. The advantage of saturated steam is that it can ensure the constant temperature required for production.

In general, the boiler pressure is always higher than the saturated steam pressure required for production, the reason is to overcome the pressure loss in the pipeline or pipe network. At present, in many cases, the pressure of boiler nameplate is much greater than the pressure required for production.

For example, many users bought a 13 pressure boiler, but actually only used the operating pressure of 5 gauge or 6 gauge. Running at such a low pressure has a bad influence on steam quality.

Because the pressure decreases, the specific volume of steam increases, and the outlet flow rate increases greatly, which makes the phenomenon of steam carrying water rise. The pressure required for general production plus the pressure drop required to overcome all pipeline resistances plus a pressure margin of 25-30% is enough.

The lift of the feed water pump matches the nameplate of the boiler, and the actual operating pressure of the boiler is too low, so the power consumption of the feed water pump is obviously a great waste. The boiler steam parameters used in small power plants can be matched according to the requirements of steam turbines.

Most of them use superheated steam at 25 atmospheres. If the steam turbine is superheated steam with atmospheric pressure of 13, the boiler should choose superheated steam parameters with atmospheric pressure of 16, which can make the steam quality better.

3. Boiler knowledge

Boiler is a mechanical device that uses the heat energy of fuel or other energy sources to heat water into hot water or steam.

A boiler consists of two parts: a pot and a stove. The original meaning of a pot refers to a container for holding water heated on a fire, and a furnace refers to a place where fuel burns. The hot water or steam generated in the boiler can directly provide the heat energy needed for production and life, and can also be converted into mechanical energy by steam power plant or into electrical energy by generator.

Boilers that provide hot water are called hot water boilers, which are mainly used in life and have a small number of applications in industrial production. A boiler that produces steam is called a steam boiler, also called a steam generator, and is often referred to as a boiler. It is an important part of steam power plant, which is mostly used in thermal power plants, ships, locomotives and industrial and mining enterprises.

The boiler bears high temperature and high pressure, and the safety problem is very important. Even a small boiler, once it explodes, the consequences are very serious.

Therefore, there are strict laws and regulations on boiler material selection, design calculation, manufacture and inspection. The development of boiler is divided into two aspects: boiler and furnace.

/kloc-In the first half of the 8th century, the steam engines used in British coal mines, including Watt's early steam engines, used steam pressure equal to atmospheric pressure. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/8th century, steam with higher atmospheric pressure was used.

/kloc-in the 0/9th century, the commonly used steam pressure increased to about 0.8 MPa. Accordingly, the earliest steam boiler was a large-diameter cylindrical vertical shell for holding water, and later it was changed to a horizontal shell, and the fire burned in the brick furnace body below the shell.

With the boiler getting bigger and bigger, in order to increase the heating area, a fire tube is installed in the boiler shell and ignited at the front end of the fire tube. The flue gas comes out from the back of the fire tube and is discharged to the chimney through the brick flue to heat the outside of the boiler shell, which is called a fire tube boiler. At first, only one fire tube was installed, which was called a single fire tube boiler or a Cornwall boiler. Later, two fire tubes were added, called double fire tube boiler or Lancashire boiler.

1830 or so, after mastering the production and pipe expansion technology of high-quality steel pipes, the fire tube boiler appeared. Some fire pipes are installed in the boiler shell, which constitute the main heating surface of the boiler, and the fire (flue gas) flows through the pipes.

Install as many fire tubes as possible below the water storage line of the boiler shell, which is called horizontal external combustion tempering tube boiler. Its metal consumption is low, but it needs a lot of bricks and stones.

/kloc-in the middle of 0/9th century, water-tube boilers appeared. The heating surface of the boiler is the water pipe outside the boiler shell, which replaces the boiler shell itself and the fire pipe and fire pipe inside the boiler shell.

The increase of boiler heating area and steam pressure is no longer limited by the diameter of boiler shell, which is beneficial to improve boiler evaporation and steam pressure. The cylindrical shell of this kind of boiler was renamed as drum, or steam drum.

The original water tube boiler only used straight water tubes, and the pressure and capacity of straight water tube boilers were limited. At the beginning of the 20th century, steam turbines began to develop, which required boilers to have higher capacity and steam parameters.

Straight-tube boilers can no longer meet the requirements. With the development of manufacturing technology and water treatment technology, curved water tube boilers have appeared.

At first, it was a multi-pot cylinder. With the application of water wall, superheater and economizer, as well as the improvement of steam-water separation elements inside the drum, the number of drum is gradually reduced, which not only saves metal, but also helps to improve the pressure, temperature, capacity and efficiency of the boiler.

Previous fire tube boilers, fire tube boilers and water tube boilers all belong to natural circulation boilers. Because of the different heating conditions of ascending and descending pipes, steam naturally flows, resulting in density difference. While developing natural circulation boilers, once-through boilers have been used since 1930s, and auxiliary circulation boilers have been used since 1940s.

Auxiliary circulation boiler, also known as forced circulation boiler, is developed on the basis of natural circulation boiler. A circulating pump is installed in the downcomer system to strengthen the water circulation of the evaporation heating surface.

The once-through boiler has no drum, and the feed water is sent to the economizer by the feed water pump, evaporated by the water wall and superheater, and turned into superheated steam and sent to the turbine. The feed water pump overcomes the flow resistance of all components. After World War II, these two kinds of boilers developed rapidly, because the generator set required high temperature, high pressure and large capacity at that time.

The purpose of developing these two kinds of boilers is to reduce or not use drums, and to use small diameter tubes as heating surfaces, so that the heating surfaces can be arranged more freely. With the development of automatic control and water treatment technology, these technologies are becoming more and more mature.

Under supercritical pressure, only once-through boilers can be used. In 1970s, the maximum unit capacity was 27 MPa, 1300 MW generator set. Later, a compound cycle boiler consisting of an auxiliary cycle boiler and a once-through boiler was developed.

In the process of boiler development, fuel types have great influence on the furnace and combustion equipment. Therefore, it is not only required to develop various furnace types to adapt to the combustion characteristics of different fuels, but also to improve the combustion efficiency to save energy.

In addition, the technical improvement of furnace and combustion equipment also requires reducing pollutants (sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides) in boiler exhaust gas as much as possible. In the early years, the shell boiler used a fixed grate to burn more high-quality coal and firewood, and coal addition and slag removal were all manual operations. Mechanized grate has been used since the appearance of straight water tube boiler, among which chain grate has been widely used.

Under-grate air supply has developed from "unified warehouse air" without subsection to subsection air supply. The early furnace is low and the combustion efficiency is low.

Later, people realized the role of furnace volume and structure in combustion, made the furnace high, adopted furnace arch and secondary air, and improved the combustion efficiency. The power of the generator set exceeds 6 MW-h, and the grate of the above-mentioned layer combustion furnace is too large in size, complex in structure and difficult to arrange. Therefore, in the 1920s, chamber-fired furnaces were used, which burned pulverized coal and oil.

Coal is ground into pulverized coal by the coal mill, and then injected into the furnace by the burner for combustion, so the capacity of the generator set is no longer limited by the combustion equipment. Since the beginning of World War II, almost all power station boilers have adopted furnaces.

U-shaped flame was used in pulverized coal boilers manufactured in the early days. The pulverized coal airflow from the burner first falls in the furnace, and then turns to rise.

Later, a swirl burner arranged on the front wall appeared, and the flame formed an L-shaped torch in the furnace. With the increase of boiler capacity, the number of swirl burners has also increased, which can be arranged on two side walls or front and rear walls.

Around 1930, DC burners arranged at the four corners of the furnace appeared, mostly in tangential combustion mode. After World War II, oil was cheap, and many countries began to widely use oil-fired boilers.

The automation degree of oil-fired boiler is easy to improve. After the oil price rose in the 1970s.

4. Boiler professional knowledge

1, DHL- single drum horizontal chain grate

20- The rated evaporation capacity is 20 t/h (the above figure represents the rated evaporation capacity or the same as the rated thermal power).

1.25- rated pressure 1.25 Mpa (the second number represents the same as the rated pressure).

P fuel lean coal

Angle tube furnace? Never seen it!

2.QXL forced circulation grate machine

18- rated power 18 MW

2.8- rated power 2.8 MW

95( 1 15)- The rated outlet water temperature is 95( 1 15) degrees.

70- The rated return water temperature is 70 degrees.

3, don't contact!

4, Y(Q)- fuel oil (gas)

(1.25) (1 15)-When the rated pressure is 1.25Mpa, the rated outlet water temperature is115 degrees.

5, 40- The rated evaporation is 40 t/h.

3.82- rated pressure 3.82 MPa

6, SHF- double drum horizontal boiling combustion

7. The number in front of the hot water boiler represents the rated power of 29 MW (I have never seen a boiler with a power of 29 MW series).

Among the above models, those without temperature requirements (such as 95/70 1 15/70) are steam boilers, and those with temperature requirements are hot water boilers.

5. Kneel for boiler knowledge training

Chapter 1, basic knowledge 1. What are the basic working parameters of the furnace? The basic working parameters of the boiler are: capacity, pressure and temperature.

2. What does the pressure on the boiler nameplate mean? The pressure on the boiler nameplate is the rated pressure of the boiler, which is measured from the local atmospheric pressure. Also known as gauge pressure or relative pressure.

3. What is a boiler? It is a kind of equipment that transfers the heat energy released by fuel combustion to the water in the container to make the water reach the required temperature (hot water or steam). It consists of furnace, boiler auxiliary instruments and auxiliary equipment to ensure its normal and safe operation.

4. What is the ignition point of oil? When oil is heated under normal pressure, the mixture of oil, gas and air can catch fire and continue to burn when it meets an open flame. The lowest temperature for not less than 5 seconds is called the ignition point or ignition point of oil. 36, what is the boiler water cycle? The boiler body is a closed loop composed of pressure-bearing components such as drum, downcomer, water wall tube and convection tube bundle.

In this loop, the water or steam-water mixture in the boiler flows continuously along a certain route, and the flowing route constitutes a circulation loop, which is called a circulation loop. The flow of water in the boiler circulation loop is called boiler water circulation.

Chapter II, Boiler Structure V. What is a double drum horizontal boiler? The grate direction is T-shaped with the drum (the drum axis is perpendicular to the grate row direction); Its structure consists of upper and lower drum, downcomer, header and convection tube bundle. Combustion equipment is mostly chain grate, reciprocating grate, vibrating grate and converter row.

At present, the widely used double drum horizontal chain boiler is SH (double, horizontal, chain) type. 6. What is a horizontal warm back boiler? Refers to the boiler with the back of the furnace liner consisting of a tempering chamber immersed in boiler water to form a flue gas reflux space.

The reburning chamber is located in the boiler shell. Thirty-seven, what is a horizontal dry back boiler? Refers to the boiler with flue gas reflux space formed by refractory bricks at the back of the furnace liner, that is, the boiler with backfire chamber located at the outside of the back of the boiler shell.

Chapter iii combustion equipment. What kinds of chain grates are there? Grate machine can be generally divided into chain belt type, beam type and scale type according to its structural type. 8. What are the disadvantages of fixed grate? 1, which is labor-intensive and only suitable for boilers with small water capacity.

2. Combustion is periodically uncoordinated and emits black smoke. 9. What are the two parts of the front arch? The front arch is located at the lower part of the front wall above the grate, and generally consists of two parts: ignition arch (also known as ignition arch) and mixed arch (also known as large arch).

The ignition arch is located at a high position, and its main function is to promote the good mixing of flue gas and air, prolong the flow of flue gas and make it burn fully. Chapter IV Boiler Accessories and Instruments X. What is the function of the safety valve? Safety valve is an automatic decompression device. Its main function is: when the steam pressure exceeds the allowable value, it can automatically open the exhaust steam to release pressure, and at the same time, it can give an alarm to warn firefighters that they will take necessary measures to reduce the boiler pressure. When the boiler pressure drops to the allowable value, the safety valve can automatically close, so that the boiler can operate within the allowable pressure range and prevent the explosion caused by overpressure.

XI。 Why do boiler pressure gauges need water pipes? There should be a water collector between the pressure gauge and the drum, so that steam or hot water can be cooled in it before entering the spring bend, so as to avoid reading errors caused by temperature and even damage to the parts in the table. 12. What is the function of installing a trap in the steam pipeline? Its function is to start discharging the condensed water in the steam pipeline and prevent the steam from escaping at the same time, so as to improve the heat utilization rate, save energy and prevent the pipeline from water impact failure.

Thirty-eight, why in the use of low water level gauge at the same time, still keep the boiler with normal water level gauge? When using the low water level gauge, the accuracy of water level display is directly related to the change of boiler steam pressure, because the density of boiler water is changing, while the density of working medium is basically unchanged. Therefore, when the boiler pressure changes greatly, the display error of the low water level gauge is also large. In order to avoid water shortage or full water accident caused by water level error, the boiler using low water level gauge should still keep normal water level gauge.

Chapter v boiler auxiliary equipment. What are the auxiliary equipment of the boiler? Boiler auxiliary equipment includes coal feeding, water supply, ventilation, slag removal and dust removal. 14. What is the pressure head of a fan? The wind pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the fan is called the pressure head of the fan.

Short for wind pressure, in millimeters of water or megapascals. 15. What is fan traffic? The volume that a fan can transport air or flue gas in a unit time is called fan air volume or flow, and the unit is m3/ hour.

16. What accessories are needed to install the electric centrifugal pump? 1, there should be a stop valve and a check valve on the water supply pipe leading to the boiler; 2. There should be a pressure gauge at the pump outlet; 3. There should be a funnel or water pipe to fill the pump shell; 4. There should be an air valve on the water pump shell; 5. If water is pumped by a water pump, a vacuum gauge should be used to measure the negative pressure of the suction pipe; 6. There should be a suction valve and a filter at the end of the suction pipe. 17. What is the function of the chimney? 1, generating gravity (also called pumping force) to overcome the resistance of flue gas flow and make the boiler run normally.

2. Exhaust the flue gas and fly ash to the outdoor high altitude for diffusion, so as to reduce the centralized pollution to the surrounding environment. Chapter VI, Boiler Water Quality Treatment. What are the three types of impurities in natural water according to particle size? Impurities in natural water are divided into three categories according to particle size: the largest particle is called suspended matter, followed by colloid, and the smallest molecule and ion is called dissolved matter.

19. What does the total hardness of water mean? The total hardness of water refers to the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in millimole/liter. 20. What does the alkalinity of water mean? Alkalinity refers to the amount of substances in water that can accept hydrogen ions, and the unit is millimole/liter.

2 1. What are the two methods for countercurrent regeneration of ion exchanger? First, during regeneration, the regeneration liquid passes through the exchange layer from bottom to top, and during exchange, the raw water passes through the exchange layer from top to bottom; Second, the stock solution passes through the exchanger layer from top to bottom, and the soft water flows out from the upper part of the exchanger. 39. What is in-tank water treatment? The water treatment in the boiler is to put a certain amount of softener into the boiler to turn the scaling substances in the boiler feed water into dirt, and then discharge the dirt from the boiler through sewage discharge, so as to achieve the purpose of slowing down or preventing scaling. This kind of water treatment is mainly carried out inside the boiler, so it is called.

6. What are the contents of boiler knowledge?

Adjustment method of boiler steam temperature.

Usually, the temperature of superheated steam is regulated by water spray desuperheater. The reheat steam temperature is generally adjusted by flue gas side, and only when the reheater is seriously overtemperature, emergency water spraying is adopted. False water level "false water level" is a temporarily unreal water level.

When the steam drum pressure suddenly drops, because the saturated temperature of boiler water drops to the corresponding pressure, a lot of heat is released to evaporate, so the bubbles in boiler water increase, the volume expands, and the water level rises to form a false water level. When the steam drum pressure suddenly rises, the corresponding saturation temperature rises, and part of the heat is used to heat the furnace water, so that the evaporation is reduced, the bubbles in the furnace water are reduced, the volume is reduced, the water level drops, and a false water level is also formed.

Under what circumstances is a sudden change in pressure? (sudden increase or decrease) 1, sudden change of load; 2. Fire fighting; 3, the safety door action; .

7. Boiler safety knowledge

1. The boiler shall be accompanied by "design documents, product quality certificates, safety and maintenance instructions, supervision and inspection certificates (safety performance supervision and inspection certificates) required by safety technical specifications" when leaving the factory.

2, boiler installation, maintenance and transformation. Units engaged in boiler installation, maintenance and transformation shall obtain the qualification certificate of special equipment installation and maintenance issued by the Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision before engaging in boiler installation, maintenance and transformation. Before construction, the construction unit will inform the special equipment safety supervision and management department of the municipality directly under the central government or its jurisdiction in writing about the installation, maintenance and transformation to be carried out, and send the commencement notice to the local county-level quality and technical supervision bureau for the record, and the construction can only be started after the notice.

3. Acceptance of boiler installation, maintenance and transformation. After the completion of construction, the construction unit shall report the boiler hydrostatic test and installation supervision and inspection to the Special Equipment Inspection Institute of the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. After passing the inspection, the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the Special Equipment Inspection Institute and the County Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision will participate in the overall acceptance.

4. Boiler registration. After the acceptance of the boiler, the user must fill in the boiler (general survey) registration form in accordance with the regulations on the registration and use of special equipment, register with the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and apply for the registration certificate for the safe use of special equipment.

5, the operation of the boiler. Boiler operation must be operated by certified personnel who have been trained and obtained the certificate of special equipment operators, and the operating procedures, eight systems and six records must be strictly observed during use.

6. Boiler inspection. The boiler shall be inspected regularly once a year, and the boiler without regular safety inspection shall not be used. The safety accessories of the boiler shall be inspected regularly once a year, and the pressure gauge shall be inspected once every six months. Safety accessories without regular inspection shall not be used.

7. It is forbidden to install atmospheric boilers as pressure boilers. It is forbidden to use boilers with three incomplete safety accessories: water level gauge, safety valve and pressure gauge.

8. What are the basic knowledge of industrial boilers? Please elaborate. Thank you.

capacity

1, evaporation

When a steam boiler runs continuously for a long time, the amount of steam produced per hour is called the evaporation of the boiler, which is represented by the symbol "D" and is usually expressed in tons/hour.

The evaporation indicated on the nameplate and design data of boiler products is rated evaporation, which refers to the evaporation that can be generated every hour by using the original design fuel under the rated feed water temperature and design working pressure, while ensuring efficiency, without ash accumulation on the heating surface. In actual operation, it is impossible for the boiler heating surface not to accumulate ash at all, and the coal type is not changed at all. Therefore, the maximum amount of steam produced per hour during the actual operation of the boiler is called the maximum evaporation, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler will be reduced.

Step 2 provide heat

The hot water boiler runs continuously for a long time. Under the rated backwater temperature, pressure and specified circulating water, the effluent can effectively carry heat per hour, which is called the rated heat supply of the boiler. The hot water boiler generates 0.7MW of heat, which is roughly equivalent to the heat generated by the steam boiler with 1t/h steam.

pressure

Why is there pressure in the boiler? The pressure of steam boiler is different from that of hot water boiler. Steam boiler is because the water in the boiler changes from liquid to gas after absorbing heat, and its volume increases. Because the boiler is a sealed container, the free expansion of steam water is limited, and as a result, the pressure parts of the boiler are subjected to the force of steam water expansion, resulting in pressure.

There are two kinds of pressure produced by hot water boilers. One is the hot water boiler of natural circulation heating system, and its pressure comes from the static pressure formed by high water tank. The other is the hot water boiler of forced circulation heating system, and its pressure comes from the pressure generated by circulating water pump.