What are the key steps of on-site CPR?

Excellent solution

(a) immediately identify and call the emergency system.

If the patient suddenly falls to the ground and loses consciousness, the rescuer should immediately pat the patient on the shoulder and call the patient after determining that the surrounding environment is safe.

To judge the patient's reaction. Once the patient is found to be unresponsive, not breathing or almost stopping breathing, the rescuer can judge that the patient has SCA and should

Start the emergency system in the shortest time (i.e. dial 120, etc. ), 120 The dispatcher should instruct non-professional rescuers to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation step by step. When first aid started,

After the system is started, on-site rescuers should immediately hand over cardiopulmonary resuscitation to adult patients.

(2) Pulse check

Research shows that it is difficult for non-professional rescuers to judge whether there is a pulse, so non-professional rescuers can directly start chest compressions without checking the pulse.

The time for medical staff to check the pulse should not exceed 10 second. If the pulse cannot be clearly felt within 10 second, chest compression should be started [4].

(c) Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation as soon as possible.

Chest compressions can provide certain blood flow for the heart and brain; Epidemiological investigation shows that the main cause of adult SCA is fatal arrhythmia.

Circulatory support is more important than respiratory support at this time. The study of adult SCA outside the hospital shows that it can be mentioned if there is a bystander pressing the chest in time.

High survival rate; The operation of opening airway and artificial respiration often takes more time. In addition, fear of infectious diseases and other reasons also reduced untrained.

Practice the self-confidence of onlookers and the proportion of participating in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Based on the above reasons, this knowledge recommends that CPR should be performed by chest compressions first, and then outdoor compressions.

Roads and artificial respiration (C-A-B). An untrained ordinary rescuer can perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation only) only by chest compressions.

2. The rescue process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a key rescue measure for critically ill patients with respiratory cardiac arrest, that is, chest compressions form temporary artificial circulation to restore spontaneous pulsation, artificial respiration replaces spontaneous respiration, rapid defibrillation restores ventricular fibrillation, and vasoactive drugs are used to restore spontaneous circulation as soon as possible.

The purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is to open the airway and rebuild breathing and circulation. Only after people fully understand the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and receive training in this field can they carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation for others.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation = (clearing respiratory tract)+artificial respiration+chest compressions+subsequent professional medication A: opening airway B: mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration C: artificial circulation A: opening airway.

3. On-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation includes three steps, of which the first step is

According to the currently used 20 10 CPR guideline, the first step of on-site CPR is changed from the original A to C, that is, the first step is chest compression instead of the original airway opening. However, it should be mentioned that although chest compressions are the first step, before starting chest compressions, it is necessary to confirm that the patient is really in a state of cardiac arrest and cannot blindly perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

In short, as long as someone stops breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be repeated according to the steps of chest compressions for 30 times, airway opening and artificial respiration for 2 times, and vital signs should be checked after every 5 groups of operations until the patient's signs recover or professional emergency personnel take over.

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4. How to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the first aid site?

What are the key steps of on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation? (1) Identify and call the emergency system immediately. If the patient suddenly falls to the ground and loses consciousness, the rescuer should immediately pat the patient's shoulder and call the patient to judge the patient's reaction after determining that the surrounding environment is safe. Once the patient is found to be unresponsive, not breathing or almost stopping breathing, the rescuer can judge that the patient has SCA. The first aid system should be started in the shortest time (i.e. dial 120, etc.). ), 120 The dispatcher should instruct non-professional rescuers to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation step by step. After the first aid system is started, on-site rescuers should immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on adult patients. (2) The study of pulse examination shows that it is quite difficult for non-professional ambulance personnel to judge whether there is a pulse. Therefore, non-professional ambulance personnel can directly start chest compressions without checking the pulse. The time for medical staff to check the pulse should not exceed 10 second. If the pulse cannot be clearly felt within 10 second, chest compression should be started [4]. (3) chest compressions can provide blood flow to the heart and brain as soon as possible; Epidemiological investigation shows that the main cause of adult SCA is fatal arrhythmia, and circulatory support is more important than respiratory support at this time. The operation of opening airway and artificial respiration often takes more time. In addition, the fear of infectious diseases and other reasons also reduced the self-confidence of untrained bystanders and the proportion of participating in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Based on the above reasons, this knowledge recommends that cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed by chest compressions before airway opening and artificial respiration (C-A-B). Untrained ordinary rescuers can only perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation through chest compressions (only manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

5. How to carry out on-site emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

After judging the patient's cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest, immediately call for help, dial 120, prepare a defibrillator for defibrillation, and immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Untie the patient's collar and belt as much as possible. Non-medical nurses can immediately perform chest compressions without judging the carotid pulse. Pressing position: middle and lower sternum 1/3(* * *? The midpoint of the connecting line); Pressing depth: at least 5 cm; Pressing frequency: at least 100 times/minute; Pressing action: the rescuer's arms are straight, his shoulders are above the patient's sternum, and he presses down vertically, with the hip joint as the fulcrum, and presses down with the strength of his shoulders and arms; Pressing technique: hands and fingers crossed lifting method, palm heel perpendicular to the long axis of sternum; Pressing time: relaxation time = 1: 1, so that the chest wall can fully rebound; Press it 30 times.

Open the airway and give artificial respiration. Perform artificial respiration twice, each time 1 sec, and press the chest: artificial respiration =30: 2. According to this, chest compressions and artificial respiration are performed circularly until the medical staff arrive at the scene.

6. What are on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation and artificial respiration?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (1) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (1) The pressure in the precordial area of heartbeat is the highest within 30 seconds after cardiac arrest 1 min. At this time, 5- 15W. Sr electric energy produced in the precordial area of boxing can excite the myocardium, produce electrical complex waves and make the heart beat again.

1. Methods Let go of the hypothenar muscle side of the hollow fist with the right hand, and hit the precordial region, that is, the lower sternum, vertically downward at a distance of 20-30cm from the chest wall. Hit 1-2 times, each time 1-2 seconds, with moderate strength. If there is no change, chest compressions and artificial respiration should be used immediately.

2. Precautions (1) It is not advisable to pat repeatedly, and pat twice at most. (2) When hammering, do not use too much force.

Children are forbidden to prevent rib fracture. 1) Open the airway manually 1. After neck lifting, the pillow-taking operator is located at the patient's side, pressing the patient's forehead backwards with one hand to make the head lean back, and lifting the neck upwards with the other hand.

2. The chin-lifting magician is located at the patient's side. One hand presses the forehead of the patient back to the head, and the fingers of the other hand (except the thumb) are placed on the mandible outside the chin, and the chin is raised. Be careful not to press the submandibular soft tissue, so as not to press the airway.

3. The jaw-clamping magician is located on one side of the patient's head, and his elbows are placed on the same horizontal line of the patient's back. He held the mandibular angle on both sides of the patient with both hands and pulled it upward, so that his chin leaned forward and his head leaned back. At the same time, both thumbs can pull down the lower lip to make the mouth smooth. 1。

Patients * * * Patients lie on their backs on hard beds or on the ground, with their heads and hearts at the same level to ensure cerebral blood flow. If possible, the lower limbs should be raised to increase the amount of blood returned.

2. The performer * * * is close to one side of the patient's chest. In order to ensure that the pressure acts vertically on the patient's sternum, the performer should stand on the ground or on the footstool or kneel according to the specific situation of the rescue site. 3. The pressing position is below the sternum 1/3.

The position is determined by the following methods: the operator uses the index finger and middle finger of one hand to close to the patient's foot, determines the lower edge of the proximal rib, and then moves up along the lower edge of the rib arch to the infrasternal notch, with the middle finger close to the sternal notch (excluding xiphoid process). Place the palmar root of the other hand (the long axis coincides with the long axis of the patient's sternum) on the sternum next to the index finger of the previous hand.

Then put the former hand on the back of the hand, with the fingers of both hands overlapping in parallel and the ridges separated or holding each other, but not touching the chest wall.