(1) alarm devices, washing equipment, first aid supplies, emergency evacuation routes and dangerous areas. For toxic workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur, the employer shall set up an alarm device, and be equipped with on-site washing equipment, first-aid supplies, emergency evacuation routes and necessary safe-haven areas.
Toxic workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur refer to workplaces where toxic poisons, harmful gases, irritants, strong corrosive substances, radiation leakage and high temperature cause acute harm to workers' lives and health.
In view of acute occupational injury factors, these workplaces should be equipped with a sufficient number of corresponding alarm devices, eye washers, on-site first aid supplies, spray devices and other washing equipment.
Emergency evacuation routes must be clearly marked, and emergency lighting and other facilities should be prepared. If the diffusion and flow of toxic and harmful gases, poisons, corrosive substances and irritants that may leak are directional and regular, according to the actual needs and the flow direction of these acute occupational injury factors, a safe area can be set up in a relatively safe place far away from personnel and important property facilities to absorb, eliminate and deal with acute occupational injury factors and reduce casualties and losses caused by accidents.
② Emergency rescue facilities, protective equipment and protective articles. The employing unit shall regularly maintain and repair the occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities and occupational disease protection articles used by individuals, and regularly test their performance and effect. Ensure that it is in a normal state and shall not be dismantled or stopped without authorization.
Occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities and personal occupational disease protection articles are key measures to eliminate or reduce the impact of occupational hazards in the workplace on workers' health, which is of great significance to protect workers' health. If it is not in the normal state, it will not play its due role, and the possible consequences are obvious. Therefore, the employer shall regularly maintain and overhaul the occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities and occupational disease protection articles used by individuals, and regularly test their performance and effect to ensure that they are in normal condition, and shall not dismantle or stop using them without authorization. For some valid items and materials, they should be replaced in time to ensure their effectiveness.
(2) Emergency rescue plan for accidents. Accident emergency rescue plan is a preventive and emergency treatment countermeasure based on the prediction and estimation of accident consequences after knowing the danger and possibility of the accident.
The emergency rescue plan is composed of external plan and internal plan, which are independent and coordinated with each other. For the prediction of the consequences of the same accident, the government departments make external plans according to the local security situation, and the production and business operation units are responsible for making internal plans.
(1) Principles of emergency rescue plan. The emergency rescue plan should be aimed at sudden disasters that may cause death or serious injury and seriously damage equipment and environment, such as fire, explosion and gas leakage.
The emergency rescue plan for accidents should take efforts to protect personal safety as the first purpose, and at the same time give consideration to the protection of equipment and environment, so as to minimize disaster losses.
The emergency rescue plan shall include the procedures and measures to deal with emergencies.
The accident emergency rescue plan should comply with the provisions of national laws and regulations, and be targeted and operable in combination with the actual situation.
(2) the basis of emergency rescue plan. Before preparing the emergency rescue plan, we should first identify the major hazards of our unit, then analyze the potential accidents and accident consequences of major hazards, and prepare the emergency rescue plan according to the potential accidents and accident consequences of major hazards. Therefore, the basis of preparing emergency rescue plan is the analysis of potential accidents and accident consequences of hazard sources. The identification of major hazard sources can refer to the Identification Standard of Major Hazard Sources in China.
The analysis of potential accidents and accident consequences is to systematically determine and evaluate what kind of accidents will happen to major hazard sources, what kind of emergencies may be caused, what kind of serious consequences will be produced and how harmful it will be.
(3) the contents of the accident emergency rescue plan. The accident emergency rescue plan mainly includes the following contents:
The nature, scale and influence scope of the potential accident; Predict and evaluate the nature and scale of potential accidents, as well as the possible impact scope in case of emergency. Command organization and its responsibilities.
Emergency rescue equipment and communication network and contact information.
Task and training of emergency rescue professional team. It is necessary to strengthen the training of various rescue teams. The command and leading group should proceed from reality and organize simulation drills at least once a year for possible accidents of dangerous targets. Train command institutions and rescue teams into command teams and rescue teams with excellent work style, excellent technology and progressive thinking. Once an accident happens, the command organization can command correctly, and each rescue team can eliminate the danger in time and effectively according to their respective tasks, control and eliminate the accident, rescue the wounded and do a good job in emergency rescue.
Accident treatment and engineering emergency repair. When a major accident occurs, all relevant departments should immediately enter an emergency state, and under the unified command of the headquarters, according to the assessment of the potential danger of dangerous targets, the accident should be handled and controlled in an orderly manner according to the disposal plan. Don't panic, try to keep the accident to a minimum and minimize casualties and property losses. Effective emergency repair is the key to control and eliminate accidents. Rescuers should, according to the pre-established plan and on the basis of personal protection, stop the leakage in time at the fastest speed and eliminate the accident.
On-site medical rescue. Timely and effective on-site medical rescue can effectively reduce casualties. A rescue team should be set up in the workshop, and every worker should learn CPR. Once an accident occurs and the wounded appear, first of all, we must do a good job of self-help and mutual rescue; If chemical burns occur, they must be immediately washed with clear water at the scene for enough time.
Poisoned patients can only be transferred to various hospitals according to the degree of poisoning and injury after injection of special antidote or necessary medical treatment. Hospital emergency rooms and factory health centers should have rescue program charts, and every medical staff should be familiar with the specific contents and requirements of each rescue measure.
Emergency evacuation and social support. When a major chemical accident occurs, which may pose a threat to the safety of personnel inside and outside the factory, the personnel unrelated to the accident emergency rescue must be evacuated under the unified command of the headquarters. Enterprises should set up a "wind vane" on the tallest building. The direction, distance and concentration place of evacuation must be specified according to different accidents. The general principle is that the evacuation safety point is upwind at that time. When the safety of residents outside the factory (including the personnel of neighboring units) may be threatened, the headquarters shall immediately contact the local authorities to guide the residents to evacuate to a safe place quickly.
When a major accident occurs in an enterprise, when the emergency rescue force of the unit is insufficient or may endanger social order, the headquarters must immediately notify the superior and neighboring units and request social assistance when necessary.